1、高考英语二轮语法巩固-特殊句式专题讲练【正误比对】误区之一 倒装句中助动词、系动词、情态动词的缺失【误】 Only when he was 30 years old he begin to learn English.【正】 Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English.分析 第二个he前加did。当only和所修饰的状语位于句首时引起部分倒装,根据语境可知begin应用一般过去式,故倒装后应提取助动词did。误区之二强调结构和状语从句的误用【误】 Its more than half a century that my
2、 grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people. 【正】 Its more than half a century since my grandfather joined the Party and became a servant to the people.分析 that改为since。 此句是“It is+一段时间+since”句型。句意:我爷爷加入党组织成为人民的公仆已有半个多世纪了。误区之三全倒装结构中主谓一致误用【误】 Next door to ours lives a foreign couple,
3、 who seem to have settled into life in China.【正】 Next door to ours live a foreign couple, who seem to have settled into life in China.分析 lives改为live。此句是全倒装结构,句子的真正主语是a foreign couple,故谓语用复数形式live。句意:我们隔壁住着一对外国夫妇,他们看起来已经习惯了中国的生活。误区之四感叹句中what与how的误用【误】 You simply cant imagine how a wonderful time we h
4、ave been having!【正】 You simply cant imagine what a wonderful time we have been having!分析 how改为what。句意: 你们简直无法想象我们过得有多么愉快!误区之五省略句中to的缺失【误】 She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not.【正】 She was reading in bed, and her mother told her not to.分析 not后加to。动词不定式在like, love, care, want, hope, wish
5、, expect, prefer, refuse, decide, mean, intend, try, promise 等动词后作宾语时,为了避免重复,常常省略不定式后的内容,但要保留不定式符号to。【考点归纳】考点一感叹句规则1 what引导的感叹句What+a/an+adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!What+adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语!What a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。What lovely weather we have been having these days!这几
6、天我们所有的天气是那么好!规则2 how引导的感叹句How+adj.+a/an+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语!How+主语+谓语!How interesting a story it is! It is worth reading a second time.这是多么有趣的一个故事啊!真值得再读一遍。考点二倒装规则1部分倒装Not until he went through real hardship did he realize the love we have for our families is important.直到他经历真正的困难时,他才意识到
7、我们对家人的爱是重要的。Its nice. Never before have I had such a special drink!Im glad you like it.“太好喝了。我以前从未喝过这样特别的饮料!”“你喜欢,我很高兴”。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快,我们几乎没法想象它的速度。温馨提示 only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句,且放在句首时句子使用部分倒装。否定副词never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意
8、义的介词短语at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首时,句子使用部分倒装。表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用倒装结构“so/neither/nor+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语”(so表示肯定意义,neither/nor表示否定意义)。在sothat和suchthat句式中,如果so或such引导的部分位于句首时,主句中需要部分倒装。not onlybut also,连接两个并列分句,not only置于句首时,它所在的分句使用部分倒装。hardlywhen;no soo
9、nerthan;scarcelywhen“刚就”,hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时,主句用部分倒装,从句不倒装,且主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。规则2完全倒装Just in front of the bus lies an injured man,all covered with blood.公共汽车的前面躺着一个受伤的人,浑身是血。Down jumped the robber from the top of the building when the policeman pointed the gun at him.当警察把枪对准他的时候,强盗从楼顶跳了下来
10、。Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.一些来自中国的科学家出席了会议。温馨提示 常见的完全倒装句有以下几种:表示方位或时间的副词或介词短语,如here,there,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等置于句首,且主语是名词时。若把作表语的形容词、分词或介词短语置于句首时。there be句型:其中be动词有时可用exist,live,stand,lie,seem,appear,remain,happen等词代替,谓语动词用就近原则。考点三 强调It w
11、as when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbours.正是当我回到我的公寓时,我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。Bach died in 1750,but it was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.巴赫于1750年去世,但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全承认。When was it that he made up his mind to take this cours
12、e?他是什么时候决定修这门课程的?温馨提示 强调句型的基本构成是“It is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。如果原句中含有“notuntil”,在强调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前;特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。do/does/did强调句型:do/does/did只能对谓语进行强调,且只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定句中。【实战演练】【单句语法填空】1.whatever it is, (make) sure its a relief
13、 from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. 2. Not until recentlythey encourage the development of tourists-related activities in the rural areas. 3. You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotelthe coach picks up tourists. 4. If (accept) for the job, youll be informed soon.5.
14、 Always (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.6. (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.7. Some of you may have finished Unit One. If , you can go on to Unit Two. 8. Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we ha
15、ve to do that(make) life happy.9. Was because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry?10. No sooner the professor stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.11. It was last night I saw a film in the Youth Palace.12. Only after they had discussed the matter for a
16、few hours they reach a decision. 13. It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous, for not only its beauty but also its weather. 14. when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.15. Call me tomorrow Ill let you know the lab result.16. Dont
17、turn off the computer before closing all programmes, you could have problems.17. Not until the motorbike looked almost new he stop repairing and cleaning it.18. exciting news it was that our class won the first prize in the English contest! We lived up to our teachers expectations in the end. 19. On
18、ly when he apologizes for his rudenessI speak to him again.20. (sit) under the tree was a charming girl aged about seventeen or eighteen.【单句改错】1.The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”2.It was just then when I began to worry about my safety.3.In a word,succe
19、ss is important,and so does failure,because its the mother of success.4.My dear friends,dont afraid of problems,but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.5.Thats all.Thank you.Some questions?【语篇语法填空】A third-grade student who was initially punished for shaving her head to support her bes
20、t friend with cancer has received an 1. (apologize) from her school. Eleven-year-old Delaney Clements has a rare type of childhood cancer and has lost her hair because of chemotherapy(化疗). Kamryn Renfro isnt sick, 2. she decided to shave her head so that Clements wouldnt feel 3. (comfort). “The reas
21、on 4. I decided to shave my hair is that I didnt want her to feel she was 5. exception,” Kamryn said. When Monday came, Kamryn arrived at school in Colorado, only 6. (tell) that her new hair style was 7. the school rules. “I couldnt go to school because of my shaved head,” Kamryn said. “I wanted to
22、share my story but they didnt let me.” Kamryns mother was angry, 8. (express) her anger on the Internet. Then she found people who supported her daughter and she found lots of them. Until now the school 9. (admit) their fault to Kamryn and allowed her to return to her class. In a statement they expl
23、ained that, “Sympathy and selfless acts of courage 10. (be) to be praised and encouraged.”参考答案：【单句语法填空】1.make2.did3.that4.accepted5.keep6.Observe7.that/so8.makes9.it10.had11.that12.did13.that14.Only15.and16.or/otherwise17.did18.What19.will20.Sitting【单句改错】1. Turning改为Turn2.whenthat3.doesis4.dont后加be5.SomeAny【语篇语法填空】1.apology2.but3.uncomfortable4.why5.an6.to be told7.against8.expressing9.has admitted10.are