1、2021高考英语二轮阅读理解专项练习（十八）（A）The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，employees wer
2、e shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. These include
3、plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano, a professor of chemica
4、l engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光)in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start. The technol
5、ogy, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps.In the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engineers are also
6、 trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)-such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highw
7、ay-a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.1 .What is the first paragraph mainly about?A.A new study of different plants.B.A big fall in crime rates.C.Employees from various workplaces.D.Benefits from green plants.2 .Wh
8、at is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A.To detect plants lack of waterB.To change compositions of plantsC.To make the life of plants longer.D.To test chemicals in plants.3 .What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A.They will speed up energy producti
9、on.B.They may transmit electricity to the home.C.They might help reduce energy consumption.D.They could take the place of power plants.4 .Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A.Can we grow more glowing plants?B.How do we live with glowing plants?C.Could glowing plants replace la
10、mps?D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free?（B）You try to keep your eyes wide open while watching a basketball match or a wonderful firework show in case you might miss something exciting in just the blink of an eye.But in fact,humans blink about 15 times per minute on average.Have you ever mis
11、sed anything because you blinked? Probably not.Why is that?According to a new study published in the journal Current Biology in September,our brain has the ability to skip the temporary darkness when we blink.It can keep visual information for a short period of time and then put it together to form
12、an image without interruption.In order to understand how this works,a group of scientists at the German Primate Center and the University Medical Center Gttingen in Germany conducted an experiment.In the study,the participants were asked to look at patterns on a screen whose direction could be inter
13、preted in different ways,such as horizontally(水平地) or vertically(垂直地).When one pattern was about to disappear and the next one was about to come,the participants had to indicate the direction that the next pattern would appear.The researchers found that when the directions of two patterns didnt matc
14、h,the area in our brain which is responsible for visual memory was activated.This same area showed less activity when two patterns were in the same direction.“The medial prefrontal cortex(额叶皮层) adjusts current visual information with previously obtained information,and thus enables us to perceive th
15、e world with more stability,even when we briefly close our eyes to blink,”Caspar Schwiedrzik explained in Science Daily.He is the first author of the study and also a scientist at the German Primate Center.1.We dont miss anything when blinking because our brain can.A.deal with the missing imageB.rem
16、ember all that we seeC.imagine what our eyes missD.put our pieces of memory together2.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A.Our brain.B.Visual information.C.Current Biology.D.The temporary darkness.3.What do we know about the experiment?A.The two patterns appear at the same ti
17、me.B.Visual memory can be more activated by similarity.C.Participants can interpret patterns differently.D.The different directions activated visual memory.4.What would be the best title for this passage?A.The Brains StructureB.The Brains Activated PatternsC.The Brains Special SkillD.The Brains Orie
18、ntation（C）Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, wh
19、ich is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sports rules require that a race walkers knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. Its this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, s
20、ays Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which
21、 is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as
22、much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runners knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sports stra
23、nge form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It ta
24、kes some practice.1 .Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?A.They must run long distances.B.They are qualified for the marathon.C.They have to follow special rules.D.They are good at swinging their legs.2 .What advantage does race walking have over running?A.Its more popular at the Olympics.B.It
25、s less challenging physically.C.Its more effective in body building.D.Its less likely to cause knee injuries.3 .What is Dr. Norbergs suggestion for someone trying race walking?A.Getting experts opinions.B.Having a medical checkup.C.Hiring an experienced coach.D.Doing regular exercises.4 .Which word
26、best describes the authors attitude to race walking?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.（D）We can have video chat with astronauts aboard the International Space Station and watch live footage from the frozen heights of a mountain.But communicating with a submarine(潜艇) or a diver is not
27、 so easy.The lack of practical methods for sharing data between underwater airborne(空气传播的) devices has long been a frustration for scientists.The difficulty stems from the fact that radio signals work perfectly in air travel but poorly in water.Sonar signals used by underwater sensors reflect off th
28、e surface of water rather than reaching the air.Now,researchers at MIT have developed a method with the potential to revolutionize underwater communication.“What weve shown is that its actually feasible to communicate from underwater to the air,”says Fadel Adib,a professor at MITs Media Lab,who led
29、the research.The MIT researchers designed a system that uses an underwater machine to send sonar signals to the surface,making vibrations(震动) corresponding to the 1s and 0s of the data.A surface receiver then reads and decodes these tiny vibrations.The researchers call the system TARF.It has any num
30、ber of potential real-world uses,Adib says.It could be used to find downed planes underwater by reading signals from sonar devices in a planes black box and it could allow submarines to communicate with the surface.Right now the technology is low-resolution.The initial study was conducted in the MIT
31、 swimming pool at maximum depths of around 11 or 12 feet.The next steps for the researchers are to see if TARF is workable at much greater depths and under varying conditionshigh waves,storms,schools of fish.They also want to see if they can make the technology work in the other directionair to wate
32、r.If the technology proves successful in real-world conditions,expect“texting while diving”to be the latest underwater fashion.1.What does the author mainly talk about in Paragraph 1?A.The future of video chat underwater and in air.B.The frustrations of developing underwater devices.C.The difficulty
33、 of communication from water to air.D.The current situation of communicating with a submarine.2.What does the underlined word “feasible” mean?A.Achievable B.Convenient.C.Changeable D.Alternative.3.What do we know about TARF?A.It is widely used to find downed planes.B.It can work well at great depths
34、 underwater.C.It is an underwater machine that sends signals.D.It can send,receive and read signals from underwater.4.What is the best title for the text?A.The Real-world Uses of Sonar TechnologyB.Full Water-to-air Communication Closer to RealityC.A Breakthrough in the Application of Video ChatD.TAR
35、F Becoming a New Means of Communication（E）About a month after I joined Facebook,I got a call from Lori Goler,a highly regarded senior director of marketing at eBay.She made it clear that this was a business call.“I want to apply to work with you at Facebook,” she said.“Instead of recommending myself
36、,I want to ask youWhat is your biggest problem,and can I help to solve it?”My jaw hit the floor.I had hired thousands of people over the previous decade and no one had ever said anything remotely like that.People usually focus on finding the right role for themselves,with the implication that their
37、skills will help the company.Lori put Facebooks needs front and center.It was a killer approach.I responded,“Recruiting is my biggest problem.And,yes,you can solve it.”Lori never thought she would work in recruiting,but she jumped in.Lori did a great job running recruiting and within months was prom
38、oted to her current job,leading people at Facebook.The most common metaphor for careers is a ladder,but this concept no longer applies to most workers.As of 2010,the average American had eleven jobs from the ages of eighteen to forty-six alone.Lori often quotes Pattie Sellers,who came up with a much
39、 better metaphorCareers are a jungle gym,not a ladder.As Lori describes it,theres only one way to get to the top of a ladder,but there are many ways to get to the top of a jungle gym.The jungle gym model benefits everyone,but especially women who might be starting careers,switching careers,getting b
40、locked by external barriers,or reentering the workforce after taking time off.The ability to create a unique path with occasional dips,detours (弯路),and even dead ends presents great views of many people,not just those at the top.On a ladder,most climbers are stuck staring at the butt of the person a
41、bove.1.Why did Lori make the call?A.She helped Facebook to solve the biggest problem.B.She wanted to make a business deal with Facebook.C.She tried to ask for a pay rise at Facebook.D.She wanted to become an employee at Facebook.2.What impressed me by Lori?A.Lori was good at running recruiting.B.Lor
42、i attached great importance to Facebooks needs.C.Lori jumped in Facebook with no adequate experience.D.Lori was skilled in marketing at eBay.3.What can we infer from the passage?A.Now all people dont tend to climb the ladder.B.None on the ladder can enjoy the great views.C.Jungle gyms offer limited exploration for employees.D.A pregnant woman,jobless,benefits little from the jungle gyms.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Its a Jungle Gym,Not a LadderB.Facebooks Biggest ProblemC.Applying for a Job in FacebookD.A Jungle Gym is Better than a Ladder参考答案：A篇：DACC B篇：ABDCC篇：CDABD篇：CADBE篇：DBAA