1、2021高考英语二轮阅读理解讲解及练习（十九）一：知识梳理1. 主旨题解题方法正常解题 a：各段中心句总结翻译+总结（正确率高） b：中心句读不懂 c: 不会总结总结：三出现原则：a：关键词一定出现：中心句出现最多的词 b：细节内容不能出现：不是中心句中出现的内容 c：新内容不能出现：文章中没有的内容2：快速解题（位置+哲学） 事实和原因；相距很近，可以在同一个句子中，可以在句子前后；80%在前后两个句子内3：出题人心理勾引你选错 一部分单词和文章一模一样+其他（难得句式）or未提及内容4：文章还有两段未读；还有一个题未做？1） 答案在最后一段；倒数第二段跳读。 2）最后一段一定出题；除非最后
2、一段只有一句（A）Returning to a book youve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. Theres a welcome familiarity - but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both, and thus the relationship. But books dont change, people do. And thats what makes the act of rereading so r
3、ich and transformative.The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register. Its true, the older I get, the more I feel time has wings. But with reading, its all about the present. Its about the now and what one contributes to the now, because
4、reading is a give and take between author and reader. Each has to pull their own weight.There are three books I reread annually .The first, which I take to reading every spring is Emest Hemningways A Moveable Feast. Published in 1964, its his classic memoir of 1920s Paris. The language is almost int
5、oxicating (令人陶醉的)，an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time. Another is Annie Dillards Holy the Firm, her poetic 1975 ramble (随笔) about everything and nothing. The third book is Julio Cortazars Save Twilight: Selected Poems, because poetry. And because Cortazar.While I tend to bu
6、y a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifs, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an authors work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time p
7、asses. But remember, its you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.1.Why does the author like rereading?A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship.B.Its a window to a whole new world.C.Its a substitute for drinking with a friend.D.It extends the understan
8、ding of oneself.2.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast?A.Its a brief account of a trip.B.Its about Hemingways life as a young man.C.Its a record of a historic event.D.Its about Hemingways friends in Paris.3.What does the underlined word currency in paragraph 4 refer to?A.Debt B.Reward. C.
9、Allowance. D.Face value.4.What can we infer about the author from the text?A.He loves poetry.B.Hes an editor.C.Hes very ambitious.D.He teaches reading.（B）Many of us have reached in our pockets,feeling a vibration(震动) and wrongly believing our mobile phones have just rung.The phenomenon even has a na
10、mephantom vibration syndromeand found it is surprisingly common.Now scientists believe that we are so alert(警觉的) for phone calls and messages that we are misinterpreting slight muscle spasms (痉挛) as proof of a call.Robert Rosenberger,an assistant professor at the Georgia Tech Institute of Technology
11、 has studied the delusional calls.He said sufferers described a vague tingling feeling which they thought was their mobile phone indicating it had received a text message or a call while on “silent”.But when the device was retrieved,there was no one on the other end.Dr.Rosenberger said,“I find so ma
12、ny people say,This happens to me,but I thought I was the only one.I thought I was odd.”A 2010-study by Michael Rothberg and colleagues found that nearly 70 percent of doctors at a hospital in Massachusetts suffered phantom vibrations.A more recent study of US college students found the figure was as
13、 high as 90 percent.While the odd feeling is widespread,it does not seem to be considered as a grave problem.Dr.Rosenberger said,“Its not actually a syndrome in a technical sense.Thats just the name thats got stuck to it.” He added,“Only 2 percent of people consider it as a problem.”While widespread
14、,the scientific community has not yet invested much effort in getting to the bottom of why we suffer phantom calls.Dr.Rosenberger said,“People are guessing it has something to do with nervous energy.The cognitive(认知的) scientists are talking about brain chemistry and cognitive pathways changing.But i
15、ts not like they have brain scans to go on.” He said,“We have a phone call in our pocket all the time and it becomes sort of an extension of ourselves.We have this sort of readiness to experience a call.We feel something and we think,OK,that could be a call.”1.Why do some people mistake slight muscl
16、e spasms for a call?A.They all have a vivid imagination.B.They are sensitive to calls and messages.C.There are few calls and messages in their life.D.Slight muscle spasms affect them more than other people.2.Which of the following are more likely to have phantom vibration syndrome than others?A.Doct
17、ors.B.University professors.C.College students.D.The cognitive scientists.3.In Dr.Rosenbergers opinion,phantom vibration syndrome .A.isnt a kind of disease actuallyB.is considered a problem by most peopleC.is a serious problem ignored by people4.What does the text mainly talk about?A.Most people hav
18、e phantom vibration syndrome.B.How to keep away from phantom vibration syndrome.C.How to reduce phantom phone vibrations.D.People care too much about phantom phone vibrations.（C）Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children
19、 with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine, an expert on mathematics development in young children the University of Chicago, found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) a
20、fter controlling for differences in parents income, education and the amount of parent talk, Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial
21、skills when assessed at 54 months of age.“The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not, on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转)and translate shapes,” Levine said in a statement.The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would, a
22、nd about half of children in the study played with puzzles at one time. Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently, and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills. However, boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls, and t
23、he parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.1.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?A.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C.Learning self-co
24、ntrol.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.2.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment？A.Parents age.B.Childrens imagination.C.Parents education.D.Child-parent relationship.3.How do boy differ from girls in puzzle play?A.They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less
25、 during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.4.What is the text mainly about?A.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologistD.A teaching program.（D）NASA,the U.S.space agency,believes theres a good chance that were not
26、alone in the universe.Last fall,NASA began a new project called the High Resolution Microwave Survey (HRMS).Its aim is to find evidence of life in one of the billions of galaxies in the universe.The search for intelligent life on other planets isnt new.It began almost 100 years ago.Thats when scient
27、ists built a huge transmitter (发射机) to send radio waves into space.Scientists thought smart intelligent beings on other planets might pick up the signals.Scientists have also sent a message about humans and our solar system to a nearby constellation (星座).But because the constellation is 25,000 light
28、 years away,a return message would reach the earth after 50,000 years!So dont wait up for an answer.So far,no extraterrestrial (境外的) beings that we know of have returned our “calls”.But according to Dr.Jill Tarter,an HRMS scientist,we havent exactly had our ears wide open.“Now,however,” says Dr.Tart
29、er,“weve built the tools we need to listen well.”Last October,Dr.Tarter switched on the largest radio receiver in the world.Its an enormous metal bowl stretching 1,000 feet across a valley in Puerto Rico.Meanwhile,another NASA scientist turned on a huge radio receiver in Californias Mojave Desert.NA
30、SA hopes these big dishes and others around the world will pick up radio signals from a new world.Dr.Frank Drake has been searching for life in outer space for years.He explains the HRMS project this wayTo listen to your radio,you move the tuner on the dial until the channels come in loud and clear.
31、Now imagine radio receivers that scan our galaxy “listening” to 14 million channels every second.Thats what NASAs radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are doing.But thats not all.Powerful computers hooked to the receivers examine every signal carefully.The computers try to match the signals
32、 to ones that scientists already recognise,such as human-made signals.If they cant,Drake and Tarter check on them.“It could prove there is radio technology elsewhere in the universe,” says Dr.Tarter.“And that would mean were not alone.”1.NASA scientists started a new project in order to .A.send huma
33、n beings into spaceB.confirm the number of galaxiesC.discover life in other galaxiesD.find evidence of a new galaxy2.Dr.Jill Tarter compares the new large receiver to .A.the universe B.a huge dishC.the human ear D.a metal bowl3.According to Dr.Frank Drake,NASAs radio receivers in Puerto Rico and Cal
34、ifornia are .A.moving the tuner on the dial for clear channelsB.picking up radio signals from new worldC.trying to check on every channel carefullyD.scanning the universe for possible signals4.The best title for this passage is .A.The Invention of New Radio ReceiversB.NASA listens for Neighbors in S
35、paceC.Signals from SpaceD.Intelligent Life in Outer Space（E）Milwaukee, Wisconsin, is road testing a new way to keep winter roads ice-free by spreading on them cheese brine, the salty liquid used to make soft cheese, like mozzarella.Wisconsin, also called Americas Dairyland, is famous for its cheese.
36、 The state produced 2.8 billion pounds of cheese last year! a result, there was a lot of leftover cheese brine. Disposing of(处置)the brine can be expensive. So what should cheese makers do with the waste?Normally, towns use rock salt to de-ice streets. The salt lowers waters freezing point, causing i
37、ce to melt(融化). But using cheese brine could help both cheese producers and cities save money, while keeping roads safe. Cheese brine has salt in it, which, like the rock salt, helps lower waters freezing point.In addition to saving money, cheese brine could also be a more environment-friendly optio
38、n. Many people suspect that all the rock salt used every winter is harming the environment.Rock salt is made of sodium chloride, the sane con-pound (化合物)in ordinary table salt. Sounds harmless, right? But while you probably add only a small amount of salt to your food, road crews spread about 20 mil
39、lion tons of salt on U.S. Roads every year!The chemical washes off roads and goes into the ground. There it can pollute drinking water, harm plants. and eat away soil. By spreading cheese brine on streets before adding a layer of rock salt, Milwaukee may be able to cut its rock salt use by 30 percen
40、t.Cheese brine has a downside too a shell similar to that of bad milk. I dont really mind it, Emil Norby told Modern Farmer magazine. He works for one of Wisconsins county highway commissions and came up with the idea of using cheese brine. Our roads smell like Wisconsin! he said.1.Why can cheese br
41、ine help keep winter roads ice-free?A.It is soft.B.It contains salt.C.It is warm.D.It has milk in it.2.What is a benefit of using cheese urine on roads?A.Improving air quality.B.Increasing sales of rock salt.C.Reducing water pollution.D.Saving the cheese industry.3.Milwaukees new way to de-ice streets may be an example of_.A.barking up the wrong treeB.putting the cart before the horseC.robbing Peter to pay PaulD.killing two birds with one stone参考答案：A篇：DBBA B篇：BCAAC篇：BCDBD篇：CCDBE篇：BCD