1、小题夯基练请选择以下设误方式(张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半)或正确选项特征(原文原词、同义替换、信息归纳、正话反说)填入下表的“诊断”一栏中。1(2018天津卷阅读C节选)Food productionWith a 3D printer，a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake.Not everybody can do thatit takes years of experience，but a printer
2、 makes it easy.A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces”of food that are“exactly the same，”freeing cooks to complete other tasks.In another restaurant，all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted，rather than farm to table.Q：What benefit does 3D printing bring to f
3、ood production？选项诊断AIt helps cooks to create new dishes.曲解文意BIt saves time and effort in cooking.信息归纳CIt improves the cooking conditions.无中生有DIt contributes to restaurant decorations.颠倒是非2.(2018北京卷阅读B节选)For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit badges(荣誉徽章)At Space Camp, tra
4、inees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their Aviation badge.They learn the principles of f
5、light and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge as they learn about waterand landsurvival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a “downed” pilot.Q：To earn a Space Exploration
6、badge, a trainee needs to_.选项诊断Afly to space正误参半Bget an Aviation badge first颠倒是非Cstudy the principles of flight张冠李戴Dbuild and fire model rockets原文原词3.(2018浙江卷阅读A节选)In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher，famous and beloved，who had led an explosi
7、on in both the publication of novels and their readership and whose charactersfrom Oliver Twist to Tiny Timwere held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens greatness is unchallenged.Removing him from the pantheon(名人堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre selling off the M
8、ona Lisa.Q：Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress_.选项诊断Ahis reputation in France颠倒是非Bhis interest in modern art颠倒是非Chis success in publication张冠李戴Dhis importance in literature同义替换大题提能练AFrom the Forbidden City to the Great Wall，ancient Chinese people have always been praised for
9、 their building skills and wisdom.And their great skills have been passed down to modern Chinese people.Evidence of this can be seen in recent buildings，such as the National Stadium，also known as the“Birds Nest”in Beijing，and the Shanghai Tower.And recently，China has created even more proof of its g
10、reat building skills.The Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge(HZMB) was opened on Oct.24,2018.The HZMB，which is located at the waters of the Lingdingyang of Pearl River Estuary，is a huge sea crossing bridge，linking the Hong Kong SAR，Zhuhai City and the Macao SAR.As the worlds longest seabased project，the 55k
11、ilometer bridge is the result of six years of research and another nine years of building.Builders had to make artificial islands in the Pearl River Delta to provide supports for the bridge.There is also a 6.7kilometer underwater tunnel in the middle of the bridge.This is to allow ships to sail thro
12、ugh the Delta.It has been named as one of the “seven wonders of the modern world”by The Guardian.“It is designed with a service life of 120 years.It can endure a strong wind equal to a maximum Beaufort scale 16，”Zhu Yongling，a project official，told The Guardian.“It can also survive a magnitude8 eart
13、hquake.”Meanwhile，the Yshaped bridge could reduce travel time from Hong Kong to Zhuhai and Macao from more than three hours to about 45 minutes.“The bridge will not only be a transport link.It will be a social，economic，cultural，and tourism connection among the three areas，”Yu Lie，deputy director of
14、the Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge Authority，said.The bridge will be open to tourists to drive across it.However，local car owners will not be able to cross the bridge unless they have a special permit.Most visitors will take a shuttle bus to make the journey.The shuttle buses will cost 300 yuan for a s
15、ingle trip.语篇解读 一桥连三地，天堑变通途。本文主要介绍了港珠澳大桥在10月24日正式开通以及这座大桥的其他相关情况。1Why does the author mention some famous buildings?ATo stress the difficulty in architecture.BTo explain the history of building.CTo make advertisements for them.DTo prove Chinese building skills.解析：D推理判断题。根据第一段中提到的古代的紫禁城和长城到现代的鸟巢和上海中心
16、大厦等，通过这些著名的建筑例子，说明中国人民高超的建筑才能和智慧。2Why were the artificial islands built?ATo allow ships to sail safely.BTo hold up the long bridge.CTo be used as attractions.DTo serve as resting places.解析：B细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，修建人工岛的主要目的是支撑大桥。3What does Zhu stress in his words?AWhere the HZMB is located.BWhat the HZMB
17、is made up of.CHow strong the HZMB is.DWhen the HZMB was completed.解析：C推理判断题。第四段中提到大桥的使用寿命长达120年，它能够抵御高达蒲福风力16级的大风，承受8级地震，推断出朱说的话强调了大桥很坚固。4How can local car owners cross the bridge?ABy getting a special permit.BBy paying some money for the trip.CBy driving a shuttle bus themselves.DBy carrying some
18、tourists in their cars.解析：A细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，当地司机需要获得特别许可证才可以通过大桥。B(2020武汉市高三调研)The boy sat on his chair，with his hands above the keyboard.He thought about what to write.He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away.But he still had not even started on his piece.He looked at the b
19、rochure again.“WRITING COMPETITION！”the title read.His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition，and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays.As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts，he realized how hopeless his task of winning was.Every story he ever w
20、rote was based on other stories.He had little imagination，and unfortunately，imagination was the key to writing.Suddenly，he had a brainwave.This time，he came up with an original and imaginative story.The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves.Words were coming easily，flowing through him，faster
21、 than he could type.He typed faster than he ever had before.He continued to type，amazed how easy writing this story was.The boy could not stop writing.He looked at the word count and saw the number “248”staring right back at him.He was not even halfway yet.Then he heard his mothers call of saying ti
22、me for bed.He continued writing the piece，ignoring her.He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.Finally，he finished.The word count now read“498”“Perfect，”he thought，“Just under the word limit.”He knew this was the story that would win.He went to the website and s
23、earched for the competition.He found the page but there was no“Enter” button.Confused，he then reread the page again.It read COMPETITION CLOSED.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩坐在电脑前，苦思冥想地进行写作。他参加的是一个网络写作比赛，可是怎么也想不出写作主题。好一会儿后，他茅塞顿开，快速敲击键盘，可是等到他写好文章准备提交时，页面上却显示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。5What caused the boy to take part in
24、 the writing competition?AA new computer.BThe prize money.CHis own interest.DHis moms encouragement.解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition，and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays”可知，他的妈妈鼓励他参加写作比赛，现在他把写作作为假期的个人任务；据此可知，他参加写作比赛是他妈妈鼓励的，故D
25、项正确。6How did the boy finish his earlier writing?AHis mom helped him.BHe copied others ideas.CHis friends assisted him.DHe used his imagination.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories”可知，他之前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础；据此可知，以前写作时，他总是仿照别人的故事写，故B项正确。7Why did the boy delay his writ
26、ing?ABecause he was terribly lazy.BBecause he didnt know what to write.CBecause he wasnt confident.DBecause he read too many stories.解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He thought about what to write”及第三段的内容“As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts；he realized how hopeless his task of winning was.He had
27、little imagination，and unfortunately，imagination was the key to writing”及倒数第五段尾句“He had to.write”可知，想象力是写作的关键，而他又缺乏想象力，另外，由于他不知道写什么，故他延误了写作时间，故B项正确。8Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?A100.B250.C500. D1000.解析：C考查推理判断。根据第七段“Finally，he finished.The word count now read498”可知，他写了498个词，终于完成了；结合第八段第一句“Perfect，he thought，just under the word limit.”可知，他认为太完美了，刚好低于限定的词数；据此可以判断，文章的最高限定词数可能为500，故C项正确。