1、第九讲并列句和状语从句语法项目(一)并列句考纲解读定方向并列句是高考考查的重点之一，重点考查上下句之间的逻辑关系，尤其在短文改错中考查and，but，or的错用；both.and，either.or，not.but.等固定搭配；while表示对比转折。 如何确定并列句思考趋向并列连词既可以连接并列的单词或短语，也可以连接并列的分句。语法填空无提示词的考查中，当两个或两个以上的单词、短语之间没有连词，一般是填并列连词。当两个或两个以上的句子之间没有连词时，就需要根据逻辑关系来判定用并列连词还是从句连词。典例感悟典例1(北京卷)I am not afraid of tomorrow，_ I hav
2、e seen yesterday and I love today.解析：for句意：我不惧怕明天，因为我已经看到了昨天并热爱今天。本题考查并列连词。根据语境可知，前后分句为因果关系，故答案为for。典例2(北京卷)He is a shy man, _ he is not afraid of anything or anyone.解析：but/yet句意：他是一个腼腆的人，但是他不害怕任何事，也不害怕任何人。根据句意可知前后两个分句为转折关系，故用but/yet。典例3(北京卷)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another，_plants
3、 can spread to new places.解析：so句意：一些动物将种子从一个地方带到另外一个地方，因此植物可以传播到新的地方。设空处前后两个分句之间为因果关系，故填并列连词so。典例4(天津卷)Give me a chance，_Ill give you a wonderful surprise.解析：and句意：给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜。本题考查特殊句式中的“祈使句and陈述句”句式。故填and。并列句解题技法结合语境及句子结构，明晰句子之间的逻辑关系实例体验1(2020河北衡水中学调考)She didnt know anything about current TV sh
4、ows _ fashion trends.解析：or句意：她对于当前的电视节目和流动趋势一无所知。or用在表示否定意义的动词后表示“也不，也不是，也没有”的意思。根据本句中表示否定意义的“didnt know”可知设空处填or。2(2020江西宜春中学一次诊断)As to acute stomachache，there is no need to have an operation；all you need to do is drinking a cup of Chinese herbs，_ the western way takes more time and money.解析：while句
5、意：对于急性胃痛，没有必要做手术；所有你需要做的就是喝杯中国草药，而西式的方法既费时又费钱。设空处表示对比，故填while。3(2019山西省重点中学协作体一模)He overcame many difficulties，_ he was not fortunate enough.解析：but/yet句意：虽然他克服了许多困难，但是他还是不够幸运。两个分句间为转折关系，故填but或yet。4(2019山东青岛一模)They quickly gave me the gun _ asked me if I had heard the tiger.解析：and句意：他们迅速给了我那支枪并问我是否听到
6、过那只老虎的叫声。前后为顺承关系，故用and 连接。重点强化熟记并列连词是解题的关键1若表示选择，则使用or；2若表示转折，则使用but；3若表示原因，则使用for；4若表示结果，则使用so；5若表示对比，则使用while。He found it increasingly difficult to read，for his eyesight was beginning to fail.由于他的视力开始下降，他发现读书越来越困难了。I like English while my little sister is fond of art.我喜欢英语而我的妹妹热爱艺术。牢记固定句型结构，培养做题灵敏
7、度实例体验1(2020福建泉州1月质检)In China，the question is not “What shall I have？”_ “What shall we have？”Food is ordered to share with others，not just for oneself.解析：but句意：在中国，问题不是“我吃什么？”而是“我们吃什么？”。点餐是为了和别人分享，而不是只为了自己。not.but.为固定搭配，意为“不是而是”。2(2020重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)It was an extremely dark，lonely country road.Neithe
8、r a single person _ any traffic was in sight at all.解析：nor考查固定搭配。句意：既看不到一个人，也根本看不到一辆车。neither.nor.为固定搭配，意为“既不也不”。3(2019山西八校联考)Looking back，I know the greatest difficulty on our way to success is our fear.Overcome it，_ we will be able to achieve our goals.解析：and考查“祈使句and/or陈述句”。后句句意为：克服它，我们就能够达到我们的目标
9、。前后为顺承关系，故用and。4(2019河南豫北名校质量评估)The event will make Lanzhou beef noodle wellknown not only across Lanzhou，_ across the world through the Belt and Road Initiative.解析：but考查连词。句意：该活动将不仅使兰州牛肉拉面在兰州被熟知，也会通过“一带一路”倡议被全世界的人们熟知此处考查的是not only.but(also).结构，意为“不仅而且”。重点强化熟记固定搭配和固定句式：1表示并列或递进关系的有：both.and.，not onl
10、y.but(also).等。2表示选择关系的有either.or.，not.but.等；3祈使句and陈述句，and表顺承；4祈使句or陈述句，or表转折。Find ways to praise your children often，and youll find they will open their hearts to you.设法常常表扬你的孩子，这样你就会发现他们乐意向你敞开心扉。 并列连词错用解题攻略常见的并列连词有：and表示顺承，but表示转折，or表示选择，so表示因果。应根据逻辑关系选择适当的连词。典例1(2019福建龙岩2月质检)The final reward was
11、not the number of people who attended it，nor the amount of money we raised，so the theme of the concert.分析句意：最后的成果不是参加这场音乐会的人数，也不是我们筹集了多少钱，而是这场音乐会的主题。“not.but.”为固定搭配，意为“不是而是”。故so改为but。典例2(2019江西赣中南五校一模)I am going to tell you the long but rich history of Xian.分析句意：我将告诉你西安漫长且丰富的历史。long与rich不是转折关系，而是并列关
12、系，故将but改为and。典例3(2019郑州质量预测)Should I tell him the truth，and should I pay to repair it？I wish for your advice.分析考查连词。根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的选择关系，故用连词or。故and改为or。 并列连词多余或缺失解题攻略although/though和but，because和so不能连用，一般去掉but或so；另外，一个从句只能有一个引导词。或并列句应该加连词。典例1(2019河南郑州一中阶段检测)Local people live in old houses，they are ve
13、ry friendly.分析句意：当地的人们住在旧房子里，他们非常友好。前后两个分句为顺承关系，故在they前加and。典例2(2019广东七校联考)Although I was tired，but I really had a good time.分析although 不能和but连用，能和yet连用。补充：此处也可删除Although，但是语意上没有删除but好。故删除but或but改为yet。语法项目(二)状语从句考纲解读定方向状语从句主要考查考生对连词词义记忆并熟练运用于解题的能力，尤其是时间状语连词(when，while，as，until，before，since)；条件状语连词(i
14、f，unless)；地点状语连词(where，wherever)；结果状语连词(such/so.that)等。 并列句和状语从句的区别思考趋向并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系，而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。典例感悟典例1_ you take the medicine，you will be all right.Take this medicine，_ you will be all right.解析：If；and两个题都应该填连词。句空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，故填If；句中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。典例
15、2_ money is necessary for a happy life，it cant buy happiness.Money is necessary for a happy life，_ it cant buy happiness.解析：Although/Though；but两个题都应该填连词。句空格所在句子是让步关系，故填Although/Though；句前后是转折关系，故填but。状语从句解题技法成分、结构面面观，逻辑关系是必然实例体验1(2018北京卷)_we dont stop climate change, many animals and plants in the wo
16、rld will be gone.解析：If句意：如果我们不制止气候变化，世界上的很多动物和植物将会死去。本题考查状语从句。根据句意可知，设空处引导条件状语从句。表示“如果”，故填If。2(2018天津卷)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so_they get sweet enough to be eaten.解析：that句意：到周末我们再摘这些桃子吧，那样的话它们就变得足够甜能吃了。本题考查状语从句。由设空处后的内容可判断设空处引导目的状语从句，故答案为that，即so that引导目的状语从句。3(2018江苏卷)_ you
17、can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and stay motivated after one or two nights.解析：Unless句意：如果你睡不好觉的话，一两夜过后你就会无法集中注意力，无法做计划，也无法保持干劲了。考查状语从句。根据语境此处考查条件状语从句，unlessif.not“除非；如果不”。4(2017北京卷)_birds use their feathers for flight，some of their feathers are for other purposes.解析：Although
18、/While/Though句意：尽管鸟类用它们的羽毛来飞行，可是它们的羽毛中的一些还有其他用处。设空处引导让步状语从句。5(2017北京卷)If you dont understand something，you may research，study，and talk to other people_you figure it out.解析：until/till句意：如果你不明白某件事情，你可以去调查、研究并与其他人商讨，直到你弄明白为止。设空处引导时间状语从句，表示“直到为止”，故用until/till。6(2017江苏卷)Located _ the Belt meets the Road，
19、Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.解析：where句意：位于“一带”和“一路”的交汇处，江苏将对“一带一路”的建设贡献更多。本题考查地点状语从句。设空处引导地点状语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，因此用where引导。7(北京卷)I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.解析：because/as句意：我真的很喜欢听音乐，因为它可以帮我放松并
20、使我不操心一天中的其他事。本题考查原因状语从句。空格前后为因果关系，故答案为because或as。8(天津卷 )We need to get to the root of the problem _ we can solve it.解析：before句意：在能够解决这个问题之前，我们需要找到它的根源所在。根据句意可知用before。9(江西卷)It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.解析：when句意：半夜我的父亲把我叫醒并告诉我来看足球赛。根据语境
21、可知，设空处引导一个时间状语从句，表示“当的时候”，故填when。10(陕西卷)I believe you will have a wonderful time here _ you get to know everyone else.解析：once/if句意：我相信一旦/如果你认识了其他所有人，你会在这里玩得很开心。根据语境可知用once/if。重点强化9种状语从句的功能与注意事项1时间状语从句when，while，as，before，after，since，until，the moment等Mary made coffee while her guests were finishing t
22、heir meal.I will tell him the news the moment he comes.名师点津要注意时态一致，一般情况下，在时间状语从句中，表示将来的动作用一般现在时( 不可用将来时)。2地点状语从句where，whereverI cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am sitting.We are always welcome wherever we go.名师点津不要和where引导的定语从句混淆，若是定语从句，where前必然有先行词。3结果状语从句so.tha
23、t.，such.that.，so that(结果，以至于)He runs so fast that no one can catch up with him.There was such a crush on the train that I could hardly breathe.I got up late so that I missed the early bus.名师点津在so.that.和such.that.所引导的结果状语从句中，so为副词，后面跟形容词，副词或分词，而such为形容词，后面只能跟名词或名词性短语。4目的状语从句so that，in order that，for
24、fear that，in case(that)They flew there in order that they might be in time to attend the opening ceremony.名师点津从句中常用may，might，can，could，should等情态动词，后接动词原形。5条件状语从句if，unless，as/so long as，on condition that，in case等We will have a picnic in the park this Sunday unless it rains or its very cold.名师点津条件状语从句
25、和时间状语从句一样，当主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。6原因状语从句because，since，as，now(that)The old man asked Lucy to move to another chair because he wanted to sit next to his wife.名师点津because语气最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的问题；since次之，as最弱。7让步状语从句although，though，as，even if/though，whatever，however，no matter what/who/howTired as/thoug
26、h I was，I went on with my work.I will go and attend the meeting however busy I am.名师点津(1)当有though，although时，后面的从句不能有but；(2)as引导的让步状语从句必须把表语，状语或动词原形提前。8方式状语从句as，just as，as if，as thoughJack wasnt doing anything，but the teacher smiled at him as if he had done something very clever.名师点津as if，as though在方
27、式状语从句中多指非真实的或可能性较小的情况，常用虚拟语气。9比较状语从句as.as.，not so.as，比较级than He works as hard as everyone else in the class.He is taller than any other student in our school.名师点津比较句型表示在一定范围内的最高级含义；比较级thananyother单数可数名词。牢记固定句型结构，培养做题灵敏度实例体验1(2019浙江卷6月)Pahlsson screamed _ loudly that her daughter came running from th
28、e house.解析：so考查固定句式。so.that为固定句式，意为“如此以至于”，故填so。2(重庆卷)If you miss this chance, it may be years _ you get another one.解析：before句意：如果你错过了这次机会的话，那可能要等到多年之后你才能再次获得机会。此处为固定句式it may be 一段时间before.。3(2019陕西咸阳二模)Researchers have found，in their experiment，that a babys cries can cause unique emotional respons
29、es in the brain，making it impossible for us to ignore them _ we are parents or not.解析：whether句意：研究者们在他们的实验中发现，婴儿啼哭能够引起头脑中独特的情感反应，使得我们不可能忽略他们，无论我们是不是父母。whether.or.可用来引导让步状语从句，意为“无论还是”。4(2019太原二模)I had hardly sat down on the train and opened a bar of chocolate _a really old man with huge bags sat down
30、 across from me.解析：when考查连词。hardly.when.意为“刚一就”，为固定用法，符合语境，故用连词when引导时间状语从句。5(2019河北衡水中学一调)The song“A little bit longer”by Nick Jonas is _ an emotional and inspiring song that whenever I hear it，I always come close to dropping down tears.解析：such句意：Nick Jonas 所写的坚持到底是如此抒情、鼓舞人心的一首歌，以至于每当我听到它时都几乎会落泪。此处
31、为“sucha/an形容词单数可数名词that从句”结构，意为“如此以至于”。6(2019重庆西北狼教育联盟第一次联考)I was driving home late at night _ my car lost momentum (动力)and got slower and slower.解析：when考查状语从句。句意：我深夜正驾驶在回家的路上，突然汽车失去动力，变得越来越慢。分析该句结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句。be doing.when意为“正在做某事时突然”。重点强化1. 时间状语从句(1)when(and at that time) 引导时间状语从句，常构成sb.be doing
32、.when.(某人正在做某事那时)(某人正要做某事那时)sb.had done.when.(某人刚做完某事那时)It was raining when we arrived.(2)before引导的从句中不用否定式谓语。常用如下句型：It will be long before.(得过好久才)It will not be long before.(过不了多久就)It was long before.(过了好久才)It was not long before.(过了不久就)(3)since后面所用动词不同，该动词所表示动作持续时间的计算方法也不同。 It is two years since h
33、e joined the army.他参军两年了。It is two years since he smoked.他戒烟两年了。(4)not.until.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.He waited for his father until/till it was twelve oclock.(5)hardly/scarcely.when.，no sooner.than.表示“刚就”We had hardly got/Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain.No
34、sooner had he arrived/He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining.(6)directly，immediately，the moment，the minute，the instant，as soon as意为“一就”He made for the door directly he heard the knock.The moment he saw his mother，he burst into tears.(7)each time，every timeEach time he came to my city，
35、he would call on me.2目的状语从句：so that，in order that注意：目的状语从句中的谓语动词常与情态动词连用，否则可能是结果状语从句，不可置于句首。He got up early so that he could catch the early train.3结果状语从句：so that，so.that.，such.that.注意：so形容词/副词that从句；such名词that从句。She is so good that we all like her.He is such a good teacher that we all respect him.4
36、方式状语从句：as if/thoughIt looks as if it is going to rain.5条件状语从句：so/as long as，in case，on condition that等You can use my bike as long as you return it on time.6比较状语从句：(not)as/so.as.；not the same as；the比较级，the比较级He works as hard as others.We treat boys exactly the same as girls.The more you eat，the fatte
37、r you wll be. 连词的错用或缺失解题攻略状语从句结构长，意思、逻辑要思量；分析句子结构，依据短文中的逻辑关系，准确把握词与词、句与句或段与段之间的关系，正确无误的使用连词。典例1(2020河北邯郸一模)The holiday came to an end when I knew it.分析句意：不知不觉地假期就结束了。本句表示：在我知道之前，假期就结束了。故when改为before。典例2(2020湖南益阳调研)One day，I was skiing down a mountain while I saw a girl aged about 15 who had fallen.分
38、析be doing sth.when.为固定搭配，意为“正在做某事，突然”。故while改为when。典例3(2019安徽百所重点中学二模)It happens such often that we end up taking our parents for granted.分析在so/such.that.句型中，so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。此处修饰副词，故用so。故such改为so。典例4(2019武汉武昌区调研)In my opinion，you should come back before you finish your study abroad.分析考查连词。根据语境，在
39、你完成了国外的学习之后，你应该回来。此处应用连词after表示“在之后”。故before 改为after。典例5(2019赣州十四县市联考)Time passes quickly，doesnt it？It is three years when I became a high school student.分析考查连词。“it is时间段since过去时”为固定句型，意为“做某事多久”，故用since引导时间状语从句。故when改为since。典例6(2019洛阳第一次统考)I have been writing from I was nine years old.分析考查连词。此处表示从9岁
40、开始“我”就一直写作。since意为“自以来”，用来引导时间状语从句。故from改为since。状语从句成分的多余与缺失解题攻略1.连词引导的状语从句要有完整的句子成分(主语及物动词谓语宾语/主语不及物动词谓语)；2.熟记the moment/minute引导时间状语从句不跟when。典例1(全国卷)At last，I will be on my own，but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever need help.分析由句子成分可知，whenever引导时间状语从句，而从句缺少主语，故加I作从句的主语。故whenever后
41、加I。典例2(2019湖北黄石大冶一中高三模拟)The food was expensive and the service was good.I was so tired that I fell asleep the moment when my head touched the pillow.分析此处the moment是名词短语引导时间状语从句，when多余。故去掉when。小题夯基练.单句语法填空1The number of people invited was fifty，_a number of them were absent for different reasons.解析：b
42、ut句意：被邀请的人数是50，但他们中的很多人由于不同原因缺席了。前后两个分句为转折关系，故用but连接。2It was time for her to have a new baby，_ it was also time for the young panda to be independent.解析：and考查并列连词。句意为：是它再生一个宝宝的时候了，也是小熊猫该独立的时候了。根据句意可知两个分句之间为并列关系，故用and。3It was April 29,2001 _ Prince William and Kate Middleton walked into the palace ha
43、ll of the wedding ceremony.解析：when根据句意可知，从句表示的是时间，意为“当时”，故填when引导时间状语从句。4She says that shell have to close the shop _ business improves.解析：unless根据句意可推知，若生意不好，就“close the shop”，填入unless相当于if not，符合语境。5Child _ he is，he knows quite a lot about football，more than you can imagine!解析：as/thoughas/though引导
44、让步状语从句时，从句中的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词需提前至句首，其中作表语的单数可数名词前的冠词应去掉。6This photo of mine was taken _ stood the famous Eiffel Tower.解析：where分析句式结构可知，此处是where引导的地点状语从句。且从句采用了倒装语序，正常语序为“.where the famous Eiffel Tower stood”。7Its a long time _ I saw you last.Yes，and what a pity！It will be a long time _ we see each othe
45、r again.解析：since，before“Its一段时间since从句”意为“自从有多长时间了”；“It will be 一段时间before从句”意为“多久后才”。8Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or _ it is convenient to you.解析：whenever空格处引导的从句与this afternoon 在句中作并列的时间状语，故用whenever引导，意为“无论什么时候”。9Father was _ busy in working that he often forgot r
46、est or meals.解析：soso/such.that是固定句式，意为“如此以至于”。so修饰形容词、副词。10_ the sun rises，all the stars in the sky disappear.解析：When引导时间状语从句，意为“当的时候”。.单句改错(每句一错)1Read this story，or youll realize that not everything can be bought with money._解析：orand该句用了“祈使句and陈述句”结构，and在此处表示承接，而“祈使句or陈述句”表示转折，两种句式不可混淆。2Although Ma
47、rk is very clever，but he doesnt work as hard as his sister does._解析：去掉but/butyetalthough 意为“虽然”，和“but”不能同时出现在同一个句子中，但although可以和yet连用。3As regular exercise is very important，its never a good idea._解析：AsAlthough/Though/Whilealthough/though/while意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。as也可引导让步状语从句，但从句中的表语、状语或谓语动词中的实义动词需置于句首。4
48、Excuse me，do you have a table for two?Im sorry，and there arent any seats now.Would you mind waiting for a while？_解析：andbut“Im sorry，but.”为固定句式。5Much although he states he has a good taste of his own，he cant avoid being influenced by advertisement._解析：althoughas/though根据置于句首的much可知用as/though引导让步状语从句。
49、although也可以引导让步状语从句，但从句成分不前置。6I was about to leave while I found someone trying stealing a ladys money._解析：whilewhen“be about to do.when.”是固定句型，意为“正要做突然”。7House prices vary from place to place and are usually high since there are famous schools._解析：sincewhere状语从句说明高房价发生的地点，故用where。since意为“自从；因为”，引导时
50、间状语从句和原因状语从句。8May I go and play with Peter this afternoon，Dad?No.You cant go until your homework is being done._解析：untilas/since“正在做作业”是不能去玩的原因，故用as或since引导原因状语从句。9Dont use your mobile phone while charging，but you may be shocked by electricity._解析：butor题干是“祈使句or简单句”结构，or意为“否则；要不然”，符合句意。but 表示转折。10Un
51、til you call me to say youre not attending my birthday party，Ill see you at it._解析：UntilUnlessunless意为“除非”，引导条件状语从句。大题提能练.语法填空状语从句专练My mother was cooking in the kitchen _1_ I was doing my school assignments.No sooner had I finished my homework _2_ the door bell rang.However，my sister unlocked the do
52、or _3_ I could open it.We were surprised the moment we saw her _4_ her clothes and face were terribly dirty.She looked much poorer _5_ we expected._6_ we didnt know what had happened to her，we stood there and waited for my sisters story.We wouldnt leave _7_ my sister told us all about it._8_ my sist
53、er got changed，she told us that she fell into a ditch _9_ she walked on a path on her way to my uncles home in the countryside.She couldnt get out of the ditch._10_ she cried for help loudly，no one could hear her.She tried to climb out of it，but _11_ hard she tried，she failed to escape from it._12_
54、time went by，she got worried.After several vain attempts she had to stand _13_ she was and waited _14_ a boy student passed by and gave her a hand.The boy reached her a long rope and told her to climb with the rope.She did _15_ the boy told，and she came out.答案：1.while2.than3.before4.because5.than6.S
55、ince7.unless8.After9.when10.Although/Though11.however12.As13.where14.until15.as.短文改错31st，JulySunnyIt was sunny today and I was in a good mood.Tired of studying or the noise of city life，I came to the ecology park to enjoy scenery and get relaxing in the afternoon.While I arrived at the park，what cam
56、e into its sight were the thick green trees.The air is fresh.In addition，I could clearly see a path around the pond.Lying on the grasses decorated with various flowers，I felt with ease because all that I wanted was peace inside.Therefore，with time going by quickly，the sun was setting in the west.So I had to return back home.I would never forget such romantic experience，which was really beyond description.答案：