1、Section Grammar名词性从句语 境 自 主 领 悟先观察原句后自主感悟Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California，no one really knows.However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago.Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Stra
2、it in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times.That is why today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language.It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cul
3、tural groups，but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.1.以上各句皆为主从复合句，句中用了相当于名词作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2.名词性从句在句中可作介词的宾语(句)，动词的宾语(句)。3.名词性从句在句中可作主语，且可用it作形式主语，真正的主语从句置于句末(句、)。4.名词性从句在句中可作表语(句)。语 法 精 要 点 拨考点一名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的关联词有三个连词、五个连接代词、四个连接副词。连接词词形词义在从句中所作的成分连词thatif/whether是否连接代词who(ever)(无论)
4、谁(主格)主语、表语、宾语whom(ever)(无论)谁(宾格)表语、宾语whose(ever)(无论)谁的(所有格)定语what(ever)(无论)什么主语、宾语、表语、定语which(ever)(无论)哪个主语、宾语、定语连接副词when(ever)(无论)什么时候状语where(ever)(无论)在哪里状语how(ever)(无论)怎样，怎么状语why为什么状语考点二主语从句主语从句是指在句中作主语的从句，位置与陈述句的主语相同。What is not to our satisfaction is that the price of the meal is a little too hi
5、gh.我们不满意的是饭菜的价格有点高。How the book will sell depends on its author.这本书如何销售取决于作者本人。Where we shall have the meeting makes no difference.我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。(1)that引导主语从句，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，但不可省略。That you will win the medal seems unlikely.你想获得奖牌看起来是不可能的。(2)whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾，但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，前面需要用it作形式主语。
6、Whether the sports meeting will be held is not certain now.运动会是否将举行现在不能确定。Whether the work can be completed on time is doubtful.It is doubtful whether/if the work can be completed on time.这项工作能否按时完成还不确定。(3)若主语部分结构较长，可以使用形式主语it，把真正的主语从句放于后面。It is announced that our school is going to start an activit
7、y of “Crazy English” before daily morning exercises.学校通知每日早操前将开展“疯狂英语”活动。It is necessary that people should learn to face the reality.人们应该学会面对现实是有必要的。即时演练1单句语法填空It is certain that she will do well in her exam.How we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.It is reported that a new film w
8、ill be put on in the cinema.考点三宾语从句在主从复合句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词、介词或一些形容词的宾语。Everyone knows that the earth is made up of matter.每个人都知道地球是由物质构成的。I doubt whether he will be elected as chairman.我不知道他是否会当选为主席。These two areas are similar in that they both have high rainfall in summer.这两个地区相似，因为在夏天降水都
9、很多。Im not certain whether the train will arrive on time.我不确信火车是否将会按时到达。(1)that引导宾语从句，既无语法功能，也无词汇意义，常被省略。但多个并列从句出现时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。She said(that)she would come here and that I should wait for her till Monday.她说她将会来这儿并让我等到星期一。(2)if和whether引导宾语从句的区别：在动词不定式之前只能用 whether。在whether.or not 的固定搭配中，只用 wh
10、ether。在介词后，只能用whether。作 discuss 的宾语时，只能用 whether。宾语从句放在句首表示强调时，只能用 whether。(3)带复合宾语(宾语宾语补足语)的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后面，而用it作形式宾语。(4)表示喜欢、憎恶等心理活动的动词后习惯上先加个形式宾语it，再接宾语从句。例如：hate，dislike，love，dont mind，feel like，appreciate，rely on，count on，see to等。We think it possible that you can finish the work today.我们
11、认为你今天能够完成这项工作。(5)宾语从句的否定转移：think，believe，suppose，imagine等动词后的宾语从句中的否定词要转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。I dont think we need to waste much time on it.我想我们不必在这上面浪费太多时间。(形式上否定)即时演练2单句语法填空I hate it when they talk with their mouths full of food.Once we were left to decide whether to have a picnic in a p
12、ark or go to a museum.I want to be liked and loved for what I am inside.考点四表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语，出现在连系动词之后，一般结构为“主语连系动词表语从句”。可接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。The question is whether we can finish the work in time.问题在于我们是否能及时完成这项工作。(1)that在引导表语从句时无词义，在从句中不充当任何成分，仅起连接作用，不可以省略。The fact remains that we are s
13、till not advanced enough.事实依然是我们还是不够先进。(2)whether可引导表语从句，但if却通常不用于引导表语从句。His first question was whether Tom had arrived yet.他的首要问题是汤姆是否已经到达。(3)引导表语从句的引导词还可用because，as if，as though，as。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人在敲门。语 法 应 用 落 实.单句语法填空1Whether/When we will have a picnic depe
14、nds on the weather.2The problem is who/whom we can get to replace her.3Pick yourself up.Courage is doing what youre afraid to do.4Upon graduation he asked to be sent to where he was most needed.5I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day.6What surprises me most is that he is too
15、 vain.7That Mike didnt turn up at the meeting yesterday made the chairman of the meeting unhappy.8You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 【导学号：40342019】9It all depends on how we solve the problem.10Im afraid hes more of a talker than a doer，which is why he never finishes anything.单句改错1It
16、is necessary he should learn about the whole matter.he前加that2If he comes or not makes no difference.IfWhether3They kept quiet that he was dead.kept后加it4That is why he didnt come to the meeting.iswas5What he is looking for is two books.第二个isare6Sara hopes to make friends with who shares her interests
17、.whowhoever7Does it matter much that Tony will hand in the report on time or not？thatwhether8Who will take the place of Mr. Brown as manager havent been decided yet.haventhasnt9If that they had said was true，I would have a chance of winning the prize.thatwhat10One reason for her preference for city life is because she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.becausethat第 6 页