1、第5讲情态动词和虚拟语气考点一情态动词的基本用法1can/could表示“能力、请求或可能性”，意为“能、可以”，当表“请求”时在疑问句中往往用Could you.？其肯定回答用Yes，you can；表可能性时，一般意为“有时会”。In general，Tom is a good man，but he can be very hard sometimes.总体而言，汤姆是个好人，不过有时候他会非常严厉。2may/might表示“请求、允许、可能性以及祝愿”。当might表示请求时，不表示过去，只是语气更加委婉客套；might/may as well do sth.意为“不妨做某事；还是做某事
2、为好”。We might as well stay at home，watching the football match.我们不如待在家里看足球赛。3will/would用于第二人称作主语时表示“请求”，还可表“决心、愿望”，或“按规律注定会”。They asked if we would do that again.他们问是否我们会再次那样做。Oil will float on water.油会浮在水上。4should表示“责任、义务”，意为“应该”。You should be careful when doing your job.当你做工作时你应该仔细。5must/have to都可表
3、示“不得不、一定”，其区别在于前者侧重主观因素，而后者往往表示客观情况。当must用于一般疑问句时，其肯定回答是Yes，you must，否定回答为No，you neednt/dont have to。6shall与第二、三人称连用，用于陈述句中，表示说话者的意志，用来表达说话者给对方以命令、指示或允诺。此外，当宣布法律、规定时，也用shall来表达。It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.已宣布，在所有试卷收上来之前，应
4、试者必须留在自己的座位上。(规则或规定)7need与dare两个词既可以作情态动词，又可以作实义动词，区别如下：形态情态动词need/dare实义动词need/dare否定形式neednt/dare not dodont/doesnt/didnt need/dare to do后跟动词时need/dare doneed/dare to doMost people hate Harry but they dont dare to/dare not say so.大多数人都对哈利敢怒不敢言。对点演练单句语法填空1(2020湖北武汉高三调考)Samuel，the tallest boy in our
5、 class，can easily reach the books on the top shelf.2(2019大庆质检二)You must be Garol.You havent changed a bit after all these years.3But in fact，Gorka can be quite shy，even around the people he has known for a while.4Today is an excellent day for small improvements.There is no need to make a huge change
6、，just a small one，something you can probably do(do) right now.考点二情态动词have done1对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测must have done sth.“(过去)一定做了某事”；语气比较肯定；用于肯定句may(might) have done sth.“(过去)可能/也许做了某事”；语气不确定；用于肯定句和否定句can (could) have done sth.“本能够做某事”；用于否定句和疑问句，表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑或不确定Looking at the large empty apartment，I becam
7、e aware of how lonely my mother must have been in Brazil herself.看着这个又大又空的公寓，我开始理解妈妈独自一人在巴西一定也很孤单。The boy might have known the truth，but I am not quite sure.那个男孩也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning.She couldnt have spoken at the meeting.我今天上午在会议室时没看见她，她不可能在会议上讲话。2表示“与过去事实
8、相反”could have done sth.过去本可以做某事但实际上没做neednt have done sth.过去本不必做某事但实际上做了ought to/should have done sth.过去本应该做某事但实际上没做oughtnt to/shouldnt have done sth.过去本不应该做某事但实际上做了might have done sth.过去可能做某事但实际上没做He could have gone on regretting it，as too many of us do.他本可以继续为此而遗憾，正如我们中很多人一样。I neednt have taken th
9、e umbrella，for the weather is fine.天气这么好，我本没必要带雨伞的。You ought to have done this exercise more carefully.你本应该更仔细地做这个练习。You might have given him more help，though you were busy.你本可以给他更多帮助，虽然你当时很忙。对点演练单句语法填空1Since nobody gave him any help，he must have done the research on his own.2(2020江西五市联考)I couldnt/c
10、ant have enjoyed (enjoy) myself moreit was a perfect day.3You neednt have told (tell) Jim anything about it.It was none of his business.考点三虚拟语气1虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(1)虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用类别从句谓语动词主句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be用were)should/would/could/might动词原形与过去事实相反had过去分词should/would/could/mighthave过去分词与将来事实相反过去式(be用were
11、)should/would/could/might动词原形should动词原形were to动词原形If my brother were here，everything would be all right.要是我哥哥在这儿的话，一切都没问题了。If it should rain this afternoon，the basketball match would be put off.要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就会被推迟。If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。(
12、2)虚拟条件句中的省略与倒装如果虚拟条件句中含有were/had/should，有时可把if省略，把were/had/should提到主语之前形成倒装；若为否定形式，not不可提前。Had he caught the morning train，he would not have been late for the meeting.要是他赶上了早晨的火车，那他就不会开会迟到了。(3)错综时间条件句有时条件句的动作与主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时动词的形式应根据它们各自表示的时间加以调整。If we had booked a table earlier，we wouldnt be standin
13、g here in a queue.如果我们早些订位子，现在也就不用站在这里排队了。(if条件句是对过去的虚拟，而主句是对现在的虚拟。)(4)含蓄条件句有时假设的情况不用条件句表达，而是用but for，without等介词(短语)或上下文来表示。We wouldnt have finished the project on time without your timely help.如果没有你的及时帮助，我们就不能按时完成那项工程了。用连词otherwise，or等暗示后文与前面的情况相反，从而引出后文的虚拟语气。I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would ha
14、ve taken part in the sports meeting.我那天病了，否则，我就参加运动会了。虚拟条件通过but暗示出来，模式为“虚拟情况but 真实情况”。I would have delivered a speech，but I had a cold that day.我本来可以做演讲，但是那天我感冒了。2虚拟语气用于名词性从句中(1)在“It isimportant/necessary/natural/strange/essential/vital/a pitythat.” 句型中，that从句中谓语动词用“(should)动词原形”。Its vital that we (
15、should) take our safety driving along the road seriously.认真对待我们在路上开车时的安全非常重要。(2)在would rather(that) 后的宾语从句中，从句的谓语动词如果表示现在或将来要发生的动作，从句用一般过去时；如果表示过去发生的动作，从句用过去完成时。Id rather he had gone to the seaside with me the day before yesterday.要是他前天和我去海边就好了。(3)句中含有以下单词或变形时，该句中的名词性从句(宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句、顿号同位语从句)部分常用虚拟
16、语气，其谓语动词形式为“should动词原形”，其中should可以省略。He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。 The man insisted that he had nev
17、er stolen the money.那个人坚持说他从没有偷过那笔钱。(4)wish后宾语从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气从句谓语动词与现在事实相反过去式(be动词一般用were)与过去事实相反had过去分词与将来事实相反would/could动词原形I wish (that) I were ten years younger.但愿我能年轻十岁。I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.我多希望昨天见到了那个影星。(5)as if/though引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中的虚拟语气。as if/though引导的从句中的谓语动词形式及使用情况
18、与wish后宾语从句中的谓语动词及使用情况相同。She looks as if nothing had happened to her.她看起来好像什么事都没有发生似的。如果从句中描述的事情可能会发生，那么从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。It sound as if it is raining.听起来像是在下雨。32个特定句式中的虚拟语气句型结构过去虚拟现在虚拟将来虚拟if only引导的条件句及感叹句had过去分词过去式(be 动词一般用were)would/ could/should/might动词原形It is (high/about/very)time(that).过去式或“should
19、动词原形”If only I had seen the film.要是我看过那部电影就好了。It is high time that we should start/started out.我们该出发了。对点演练单句语法填空1(2020武汉一模)_ it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.解析：考查虚拟语气。这是对于现在事实的虚拟，省略if则将谓语动词were提前。整体句意：要不是有老师们的鼓励和帮助，学生是无法克服自己的困难的。答案：Were2Do you hav
20、e Bettys phone number?Yes，otherwise，I _ (be) able to reach her yesterday.解析：考查虚拟语气。设空处是对过去的事进行虚拟，应用would hare done 形式，此处是用否定形式。答案：wouldnt have been3(2020浙江台州模拟考试)Its a pity that you were late，otherwise you would have seen (see) the film star Rain from Korea.4He insisted that the problem (should) be
21、discussed (discuss) at the meeting.5(2019广西桂林一模)It is high time that we took/should take(take) some measures to solve the problem.情态动词在语法填空中的命题点1考查情态动词的基本用法(2018北京卷，12)In todays information age，the loss of data can cause serious problems for a company.2考查“情态动词have done”用法(2018天津卷，10)I cant find my p
22、urse.I could have left it in the supermarket yesterday，but Im not sure.(二)虚拟语气在语法填空中的命题点1考查虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法。(2018北京卷，改编)They might have found a better hotel if they had_driven (drive) a few more kilometers.2考查虚拟语气在with，without，but for，or等构成的结构代替条件状语从句时的用法。(2019江苏卷，31)What a pity！You missed the sights
23、eeing，or we would_have_had (have) a good time together.3考查wish后的宾语从句，表示建议、愿望、命令等动词后的宾语从句，as if/as though引导的从句中虚拟语气的用法。(2015天津卷，改编)I wish I had_been (be)at my sisters wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.单句语法填空1Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes，of course you _.答案：can2Al
24、though this _ sound like a simple task，great care is needed.答案：may3They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.答案：should4If you _ smoke，please go outside.答案：must5The emergency required that all the tasks _(complete)at least two days ahead of time.答案：(should)be completed6He always a
25、cts as if he _ (know) everything.答案：knew7Id rather Tom _ (come) tomorrow.答案：came8Without electricity，human life _ (be)quite difficult today.答案：would be9I should not have laughed if I _(think) you were serious.解析：句意：如果我(当时)认为你是认真的，我就不会笑了。主句中谓语动词使用should not have laughed，表明与过去的事实相反，从句谓语动词应该使用had done形
26、式。答案：had thought10(2020湖北武昌区高三调考)If we _(make) adequate preparations，the conference wouldnt have been so successful.解析：句意：如果我们没有做好充分准备的话，会议就不会如此成功。分析句子结构可知本句是一个虚拟语气句式，根据主句中的wouldnt have been可知是对过去事情的虚拟，因此if条件从句要用had done形式来表示对过去发生事情的虚拟。答案：hadnt made11Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I _ (dance) as
27、 well as her.解析：句意：埃伦是一位了不起的舞蹈家。但愿我能跳得像她一样好。由语境可知，此处表示的是与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式(be 动词用were)，故填danced。有些考生因为没掌握wish后宾语从句虚拟语气的用法，误填will dance。答案：danced12It is strongly suggested that our spare time _ (be) made full use of to read as much as possible.解析：考查虚拟语气。suggest表示“建议”，后接从句时，从句应用虚拟语气，从句的谓语动词用(should)do。故用动词原形be。答案：be