1、1/122020-2021 学年北京市高三下学期综合能力测试英语试题英语本试卷共 12 页，100 分。考试时长 90 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用(共两节，30 分)第一节 完形填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ask 3-year-old Wolfy about his future plans，and youll quickly discover this kids aspirati
2、ons area lot more down toearth.His obsession?Garbage trucks and the men who drive and_1_them.Up until recently，due to a pandemic，Wolfy was spending most days at home.His favorite day of the week wasFridaytrash collection day，of course.Every Friday morning，Wolfy_2_waited for his beloved garbage truck
3、s tomake their run up his street.Under his parents supervision，Wolfy became something of a _3_to the trashcollectors.To Wolfy，these men are superheroes.Two of them，D.J.and Drew，became his particular pals，earninghim and his trash team the nickname of the“Wolfpack.”Wolfys parents knew they werent able
4、 to throw him a big birthday party._4_，they told him he could invite acouple of friends over for cake.Wolfys ideal guest list was obvious.“Drew and D.J.!he_5_.On the morning of September 9，four bright green garbage trucks，horns honking，rolled their way up the street tothe delight of the ecstatic bir
5、thday boy and his stunned family.“The guys came_6_gitts，howling out their windows and took time to play with Wolfy，”his mom posted toher Facebook page.“He even got to honk the horn!Does it get any better!?”The superheroes climbed down from their trucks to celebrate Wolfys birthday.After they_7_the l
6、ittle boy withtrash-related gifts，shared cake，and played with toy trucks，Wolfys garbage collecting heroes drove off to their otherappointed rounds.Wolfys mom，more than a little impressed，_8_ her feelings，saying，“These are really kindgentle_9_who are full of positive，good energy.These men are ideal r
7、ole models.”Theyre the next generation to come，so seeing them enthusiastic about something even as_10_as what we doin our everyday lives brings meaning and shows the importance of what everyone does in society.1.A.cleanB.loadC.repairD.collect2.A.eagerlyB.hesitantlyC.patientlyD.naturally2/123.A.joyB.
8、pityC.desireD.trouble4.A.BesidesB.FurtherC.InsteadD.Otherwise5.A.complainedB.orderedC.rejectedD.declared6.A.arrangingB.bearingC.enjoyingD.advertising7.A.amusedB.equippedC.preparedD.showered8.A.put upB.made upC.broke upD.summed up9.A.soulsB.leadersC.instructorsD.colleagues10.A.boringB.annoyingC.simpl
9、eD.significant第二节 语法填空(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分)阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。AA little girl ran to her bedroom and pulled out her piggy bank from a secret drawer in her closet.She_11_(break)the piggy bank，took the change and counted it cautiously.Three times，even.T
10、he total had to be exactly perfect as thereshouldnt be any chance for mistake here.She_12_(careful)placed the coins in a jar，twisted on the cap and then slipped out of the back door.She madeher way six blocks to a drug store.She waited patiently for the pharmacist_13_(give)her some attention but he
11、was toobusy attending other customers at that moment._14_ she tried several times to get his attention，she wasnt successful.BChime bells，bin zhng，are the most majestic and holy ancient instrument in China.As a symbol of power，they_15_(use)for sacrificial ceremonies or other crucial ceremonies，Starti
12、ng 3,500 years ago，bin zhng，werecomposed of bells_16_different scales.The bells are played by mallets(木槌)and create the sounds of seven musicalscales，much like the piano.Whats more amazing is that one bell can generate two notes when_17_(strike)atdifferent spots.Its exquisite cast and pure sound rev
13、ealed the high level of ancient Chinese civilization and wisdom.CIn the paper Power Gets You High by Gerben Van Kleef，he claims that high-power individuals tend toexperience_18_(few)social restrictions and more resource-rich environments compared to their lower powercounterparts.This means that peop
14、le with a perceived high level of power are more likely to dismiss established socialconstructs.Whether its intentional or not，high-power people place_19_(them)socially at a distance and tend to acton their own concepts，_20_they believe will help them gain control over valued resources第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，
15、38 分)第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。A3/12Constantly regret spending too much time on your phone but just cannot stop?You are not alone.Here are five tipsfrom Prof.Mark Griffiths，psychologist and behavioral addiction expert at Nottingham Trent University to
16、help you livewell with your phone.Step it down graduallyThe urge to check your phone can become reflexive and habitual.For some，going a few minutes without checkingtheir phone is difficult.If this sounds like you，try to go 15 minutes without doing it.Once you realize this is possible，increase the le
17、ngth of time you avoid checking to 30 minutes，an hour，and then a few hours，or a day.Monitor usageDownload an app that will tell you how much time youre spending online.This could make you aware of a problemthe first step to a solution.Buy an alarm clockDont use your phone as an alarm，or you might be
18、 tempted(诱惑)to check texts and emails last thing at night and assoon as you wake up.Instead，ban phones from the bedroom.Designate bedtimes and mealtimes as smartphone-free zones.Consider buying a clock，so youre no longer tempted by emails and texts when you check the time.Spring clean your contactsH
19、ow many online friends do you actually speak to?Reduce alerts and distractions by removing contacts on socialnetworking sites，deleting unused apps，and unsubscribing from groups that offer little benefit.Consider deleting anygames that are taking up a lot of your time.Learn to waitBe mindful of the b
20、enefits of not regularly checking your phone.People who react to messages as they arrive tend towrite longer responses than those who wait and deal with them all as a block.Waiting will gain you time to spend on otheractivities.21.According to the passage，which of the following can help ban phones f
21、rom the bed mom?A.Monitoring usage.B.Using a clock.C.Cleaning contacts.D.Learning to wait.22.It can be learnt from the passage thatA.games take up more time than other appsB.reacting to messages in time is importantC.people are often tempted to use cell phonesD.people shouldnt check emails by cell p
22、hones23.The purpose of the article is to_.A.introduce ways to manage phone usagesB.emphasize the harm of using cellphonesC.persuade readers to get rid of cellphones4/12D.explain multiple functions of cellphonesBParalympian Anastasia Pagonis remarkable success story began when she lost her vision at
23、age 14.Granted，its atough age for any teen，but dealing with a life-changing disability made things even more challenging.“It took me about eight months to regroup myself，”she told TODAY，“and then I got it in my head，Okay，Imblind.Now what am I going to do with my life?A Long Island native，Pagonis pra
24、ctically grew up in the water.Shed taken up competitive freestyle swimming just afew months prior to going totally blind.While she excelled at the sport with limited vision，an abusive team”atmosphereprompted her to quit competition.After months of therapy，however，the persistent teen was ready to get
25、 back in the swim-only swimming wasntenough for Pagonis.She wanted to compete.Now she was faced with another dilemma.“Nobody wanted to train the blind girl，”she recalled in an interview withTEAM USA.“I ended up after about eight months finding an amazing coach who was willing to train me and actuall
26、y puton blackout goggles to try to figure out a way for me to swim.By the age of 16，Pagonis was earning a reputation as a fierce competitor，taking two gold medals at the WorldPara Swimming World Series in Australia.When Pagonis realized her experiences and positive outlook might be a boon(益处)to othe
27、rs，she eagerly stepped up as a role model.“I want to help people the way I needed help，”Pagonis toldTEAM USA.“I started doing Instagram and social media and was soon getting a bunch of replies saying，“Wow!Youreally helped me get through bad things，or，I was getting bullied in school and you helped me
28、 get through that，or，You let me know how much I was worth.Back in the water，Pagonis was truly in her element.“Its my happy place，”she told TODAY.“Its the place whereI feel like I dont have a disability and I feel like thats the only place where I feel free.When I dive in the water，its justme in the
29、pool and I feel such a connection with it.Sometimes you need to take a leap of faith because if you dont try，you dont know.Always follow your dreams.”24.What difficulty did Pagonis face after she quit competition?A.She had to wear goggles.B.It was hard to find her a coachC.Her skills werent useful i
30、n darkness.D.She couldnt do the freestyle anymore.25.It can be learnt from the passage that Pagonis_.A.stopped swimming for two yearsB.improved her vision by swimmingC.helped many people through difficultiesD.devoted herself to fighting against bullies5/1226.What does the underlined phrase in her el
31、ement mean?A.In a very good moodB.Full of Confusion.C.Confident of winning.D.Happy to be special.27.What does the story mainly tell us?A.Team spirit is vital for winning-B.Role models make us who we are.C.A good teacher is the key to success.D.Disability does not limit ones success.CMore often than
32、I care to admit，Ill walk from one room to another with a clear vision in mind of whatever I need todo once I get there，but then I get there and cant remember why l started.The only thing that happened between my firstmovement and my last is that I walked through a doorway.Surely that has nothing at
33、all to do with forgetting something Iknew just moments before，right?Wrong，says new research.As it turns out，walking through a doorway exerts animperceptible influence on memory.In fact，merely imagining walking through a doorway can zap(影响)memory，Researchers in the latest study took their cue from an
34、 earlier study showing that passing through a doorway seems toinsert a mental divider into memory，Our brains record memories in segments，or episodes，rather than as a continuousevent.Walking through a doorway triggers memory segmentation，like a video editor inserting a momentary pausebetween scenes.E
35、ven more curious is that imagining walking through a doorway has a similar effect.The research team brought twogroups of participants into a large mom，One group experienced the room as a continuous space；the other walkedthrough it after divider curtains were set up to simulate a doorway.The groups w
36、ere then shown a picture of an unusuallyshaped object before closing their eyes and imagining walking across the room theyd seen earlier.The first group imaginedthe room as a big space with no physical dividers；the other imagined walking through the draped doorway.They werethen asked to jog their me
37、mories and pick out the picture of the object from a set often images.As predicted，the groupthat imagined walking through a doorway performed significantly worse on the memory lest than the other group.And this gets even weirder.If right now I started telling you a story about a boy and his dog，goin
38、g on for a fewparagraphs detailing all the things this boy and his dog do together，and then I suddenly inserted a phrase like“A fewhours later.”do you think your recall of what I just told you about the boy and his dog might be better or worse?Worse!Research has demonstrated that phrases which inser
39、t a temporal boundary between events in a narrative place thesame sort of mental divider into memory as a doorway.What all of this tells us is that our brains operate with certain mechanical dynamics that we generally only glimpsewhen they hiccup.So the next time you cant remember why you walked fro
40、m one room to another，dont be alarmed.Justremind yourself that your brain simply misconstrued instructions from your environment and thought that doorway meantyou needed a memory divider.28.What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A.Research subjects.B.Research findings.6/12C.Research process.D.Research sig
41、nificance.29.It can he learnt from the passage that_.A.an imaginary doorway harms the brainB.certain verbal language influences memoryC.brains record memories as a continuous event.D.going back to a doorway helps regain I lost memory.30.What is the passage mainly about?A.Approaches to improve memory
42、.B.Factors that cause peoples memory loss.C.Ways to handle memory loss regarding doorways.D.Reasons why people forget while entering a doorway.DEmpathy can give purpose to our lives and truly comfort people in distress，hut it can also do great harm.Whileshowing an empathetic response to the tragedy
43、and trauma of others can be helpful，it can also，if misdirected，turn usinto what Professor James Dawes has called“emotional parasites.”Empathy can make people angryperhaps dangerously soif they mistakenly perceive that another person isthreatening a person they care for.For example，while at a public
44、gathering，you notice a heavyset，casually dressedman who you think is“staring”at your pre-teenage daughter.While the man has remained expressionless and has notmoved from his spot，your empathetic understanding of what he“might”be thinking of doing to your daughter drives youinto a state of rage.While
45、 there was nothing in the mans expression or body language that should have led you to believe heintended to harm your daughter，your empathetic understanding of what wasProbably“going on inside his head took you there，Danish family therapist Jesper Juul has referred to empathy andaggression(攻击性)as“e
46、xistential twins.”For years，psychologists have reported cases of overly empathetic patients endangering the well-being of themselvesand their families by giving away their life savings to random needy individuals.Such overly empathetic people who feelthey are somehow responsible for the distress of
47、others have developed an empathy-based guilt.The better-known condition of“survivor guilt”is a form of empathy-based guilt in which an empathetic personincorrectly feels that his or her own happiness has come at the cost or may have even caused another persons misery.According to psychologist Lynn O
48、Connor，persons who regularly act out of empathy-based guilt，tend to developmild depression in later-life.Psychologists warn that empathy should never be confused with love.While love can make any relationship-good orbadbetter，empathy cannot and can even hasten the end of a strained relationship，Esse
49、ntially，love can cure，empathy cannot.7/12Rehabilitation and trauma counselor Mark Stebnicki coined the term“empathy fatigue to refer to a state of physicalexhaustion resulting from repeated or prolonged personal involvement in the chronic illness，disability，trauma，grief，and loss of others，While more
50、 common among mental health counselors，any overly empathetic person can experience“empathyfatigue”.According to Stebnicki，“high touch”professionals like doctors，nurses，lawyers，and teachers tend to sufferfrom empathy fatigue，Paul Bloom，Ph，D.，professor of psychology and cognitive science at Yale Unive
51、rsity，goesso far as to suggest that due to its inherent dangers，people need less empathy rather than more.31.Empathy and aggression are regarded as“existential twins”because_.A.empathy can make people angryB.empathy can be easily misunderstoodC.aggressive people often show more empathyD.empathy and
52、aggression always come together32.According to the passage，what might be an example of empathy-based guilt?A.People give away their savings to charityB.One feels sorry for not paying off the debt.C.One feels guilty for his/her own happiness.D.Patients feel bad for having to be attended.33.What might
53、 be the authors attitude towards showing empathy?A.Approving.B.Neutral.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.34.Which of the following would the author most likely agree with?A.It might be better if we show less empathy.B.Empathy and love both help boost happiness，C.Empathy fatigue leads to illness and disability
54、.D.Well-meant empathy wont damage a relationship.第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。The Flynn EffectThe Flynn effect，first described in the 1980sby researcher James Flynn，refers to the finding that scores on IQ testshave increased in the past century.One research pa
55、per，published by psychologist Lisa Trahan and her colleagues，combined the results of other published studies and found that IQ scores have indeed increased since the1950s._35_Trahan and her colleagues observed，“The existence of the Flynn effect is rarely disputed.”8/12_36_One explanation has to do w
56、ith improvements in health and nutrition.For example，the past century hasseen a decrease in smoking and alcohol use in pregnancy，improvements in the prevention and treatment of infectiousdiseases，and improvements in nutrition.As Scott Barry Kaufman writes for Psychology Today，“The Flynn effectserves
57、 as a reminder that when we give people more opportunities to prosper，more people do prosper.”_37_In a TED talk，Flynn explains that the world today is“a world where weve had to develop new mentalhabits，new habits of mind.”Flynn has found that IQ scores have increased the most rapidly on questions th
58、at ask us tofind similarities between different things，and more abstract types of problem solving，both of which are things that weneed to do more of in the modem world.Several ideas have been brought up to explain why modern society might lead to higher scores on IQ tests.Forexample，today，many more
59、of us have demanding，intellectually rigorous jobs.Schools have also changed：whereasa test at school in the early 1900s might have been more focused on memorization，a recent test might be more likely tofocus on explaining the reasons for something._38_Family sizes tend to be smaller，and it has been s
60、uggested thatthis may allow children to pick up on new vocabulary words while interacting with their parents.Is even been suggestedthat the entertainment we consume is more complex today._39_Therefore，both the education we receive and the society we live in shape our IQ in a way that we cannot imagi
61、ne.A.In other words，there is a lot about IQ that we may not know yet.B.Another explanation for the Flynn effect has to do with societal changesC.Researchers have put forward several theories to explain the Flynn effect.D.Trying to understand and anticipate plot points may actually be making us smart
62、er.E.Although there have been exceptions，IQ scores have generally increased over time.F.Additionally，more people today are likely to finish high school and go on to college，G.The Flynn effect shows that human mind is more adaptable than we might have thought.第三部分：书面表达(共两节，32 分)第一节 阅读表达(共 4 小题；第 40、4
63、1 题各 2 分，第 42 题 3 分，第 43 题 5 分，共 12 分)。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。When you type CEO，CFO or CTO on your computer，notice what comes up.It is an emoji of a man in a suit.Shocking，right?Even an emoji can strengthen gendered stereotypes.However，most of us wouldnt even notice.Thehidden biases and stereotypes feed
64、into such designs，and these images in turn encourage such biases，Unconscious biases are everywhere.From the neighborhood we choose，the close friends we have，to the people wedate.Though most of us have difficulty acknowledging it，we all do it.Gender，ethnicity，disability，profession etc.，all influence
65、the assessments we make of people and form the basis of our relationship with others，and the world at large，A Yale University study found that male and female scientists were more likely to hire men and pay them 4，000more per year than women.Other research has shown that a science faculty rated male
66、 applicants for a laboratory manager9/12position as significantly more competent and hirable than female applicants，Faculty also selected a higher starting salaryand offered more career mentoring to the male applicant.When this was explicitly pointed out to them，the faculty members were often shocke
67、d，as they hadnt realized theirown internalized biases.In a 2003 study，Sendhil and Marianne Bertrand，at the University of Chicago，mailed thousands of identicalresumes to employers with job openings and measured which ones were called back for interviews.They randomly usedstereotypically African-Ameri
68、can names on some and stereotypically white names on others.They were shocked to findthat roughly 50 percent were more likely to result in a call back for an interview if it had a“white”name.This is what confirmation bias is，where people are more likely to choose or associate positive qualities to p
69、eoplemore like themselves or belong to the same social and ethnic group as they do.This bias happens in a split-second，sowhile to an outsider，the bias maybe evident，the one holding this bias may or may not be doing so intentionally，Even when we say that we are all open-minded and not prejudiced，it i
70、s clear these biases still creep upon us.This iswhy we need to examine our biases and be mindful of our hidden prejudices and the way they manifest themselves in wordsand actions.40.Why does the writer use the example of“CEO，CFO，CTO”in Para，1?41.What does Para.3 mainly tell us?42.What is confirmatio
71、n bias?43.Do you consider yourself biased?Why or why not?(About 40 words)第二节(20 分)假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国笔友 Jim 给你写信探讨“读书”的话题。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.你的阅读经历；2.你的阅读收获；3.你对阅读的看法。注意：1.词数 100 左右：2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。Dear Jim，_Yours，Li Hua(考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效)10/122020-2021 学年北京市高三下学期综合能力测试英语试题参考答案第一部分：知识运用第一节：完形填空1.B
72、 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.D 6.B 7.D 8.D 9.A 10.C第二节：语法填空11.broke 12.carefully 13.to give 14.Although/Though 15.were used16.in17.struck18.fewer19.themselves20.which第二部分：阅读理解第一节：21.B 22.C 23.A 24.B 25.C 26.A 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.D 31.A 32.C33.D 34.A第二节：35.E 36.C 37.B 38.F 39.D第三部分：书面表达第一节：阅读表达40.To lead in the topi
73、c(of gendered stereotype/bias).41.Gender-related biases are everywhere.Sometimes we may not even realize that we are biased.或 People generally give males more benefits in the job market.意思相同且表述准确即可。42.Confirmation bias is a kind of bias where people are more likely to choose or associate positive qu
74、alities to people morelike themselves or belong to the same social and ethnic group as they do.或 Confirmation bias is a kind of bias where people regard someone more similar to themselves as superior human beings.43.Do you consider yourself biased?Why or why not?(About 40 words)Sadly I am biased in
75、certain ways,although I never thought of it this way before.For example,I sometimes associatewomen with weakness,or think girls are not in general good at math or science.I often believe people from my hometownare more upright and hard-working.All of these are biases,as I see now.11/12Being objectiv
76、e is truly hard,but thats not the reason for us to be biased.第二节：书面表达Possible Version 1：Dear Jim,Im so glad to know that you also love reading and I am more than happy to share my experience and thoughts onreading with you.When I was a kid,I read picture books with interesting illustrations.I would
77、unconsciously burst out laughing or frownwith concern about the character in the book.Later in life,I was absorbed in the world of words,where I found myselfseeing the world through the eyes of different roles in the stories and I discovered the mystery of so many things,from thesmallest atoms to th
78、e vast universe.While reading,I even got a new insight into myself.Even though I encountereddifficulties sometimes,nothing swayed my enthusiasm about reading.Frankly,I have really harvested a lot from reading.Reading does not only provide me with encyclopedic knowledgeranging from basic principles t
79、o far away outer space mystery,but also convince me that being alone is not lonely.Withbooks in hand,Ive really got a colorful world belonging to myself.Through that world,I get courage in times of challenge,and I feel love and warmth in the midst of adversity.Further,I have found my role model and
80、a goal I decide to pursue inmy future life.Reading is a best friend.You need to treat it patiently with your sincere love.In return,reading will bring you a wholenew world to get along with,which makes you a complete person.This is my experience and understanding of reading.What about yours?So looki
81、ng forward to your sharing.Yours,Li HuaPossible Version 2：Dear Jim,How is everything going?Having heard that you are interested in reading,Im writing to share my reading experienceand feelings with you.I used to be impatient with reading.I often skipped some parts of a story,which I thought werent a
82、ttractive to me atfirst.As a result,I got very little believing reading wasnt so beneficial.To solve this problem,I urged myself to readcarefully and try to follow the plot.Then I astonishingly found that I could read the whole book smoothly and even learneda moral lesson from it.This is big progres
83、s as well as great relief to me.From this experience I have learned that every word“counts”.Besides,I get an opportunity to approach literature and appreciate the beauty of words.It was this experience thathelped change my reading attitude and improved my reading skill.So we need to pay attention to every paragraph and read with full patience,which allows us to get the completemeaning and be truly involved and educated.Reading deserves our patience and deep thinking.12/12This is my point of view about reading.What do you think of it?I am looking forward to hearing from you.Yours,Li Hua
