1、高中英语语法总结大全之动词要点清单动词1）表示动作中状态的词叫做动词。2）根据其在句中的功能，动词可分为四类，分别是：实义动词（Notional Verb）、系动词（LinkVerb）、助动词（Auxiliary Verb）、情态动词（Modal Verb）。说明：有些情况下，有些动词是兼类词，例如：We are having a meeting.我们正在开会。（having 是实义动词。）He has gone to New York.他已去纽约。（has 是助动词。）3）动词根据其后是否带有宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词（Transitive Verb）、不及物动词（Intransit
2、ive Verb），缩写形式分别为 vt.和vi.。说明：同一动词有时可用作及物动词，有时可用作不及物动词。例如：She can dance and sing.她能唱歌又能跳舞。（sing 在此用作不及物动词。）She can sing many English songs.她能唱好多首英文歌曲。（sing 用作及物动词。）4）根据是否受主语的人称和数的限制，可分两类，分别是：限定动词（Finite Verb）、非限定动词（Non-finite Verb）例如：She sings very well.她唱得很好。（sing 受主语 she 的限制，故用第三人称单数形式 sings。）She w
3、ants to learn English well.她想学好英语。（to learn 不受主语 she 的限制，没有词形变化，是非限定动词。说明：英语中共有三种非限定动词，分别是：动词不定式（Infinitive）、动名词（Gerund）、分词（Participle）。5)根据动词的组成形式，可分为三类，分别是：单字词（One-Word Verb）、短语动词（PhrasalVerb）、动词短语（Verbal Phrase）例如：The English language contains many phrasal verbsand verbal phrases.英语里有许多短语动词和动词短语。
4、（contains是单字动词。）Students should learn to look up new words indictionaries.学生们学会查字典。（look up 是短语动词。）The young ought to take care of the old.年轻人应照料老人。（take care of 是动词短语。）6）动词有五种形态，分别是：原形（OriginalForm）、第三人称单数形式（Singular From inThird Personal）、过去式（Past Form）、过去分词（Past Participle）、现在分词（Present Participl
5、e）。系动词系动词亦称联系动词（Link Verb），作为系动词，它本身有词义，但不能单独用作谓语，后边必须跟表语（亦称补语），构成系表结构说明主语的状况、性质、特征等情况。说明：有些系动词又是实义动词，该动词表达实义时，有词义，可单独作谓语，例如：He fell ill yesterday.他昨天病了。（fell 是系动词，后跟补足语，说明主语情况。）He fell off the ladder.他从梯子上摔下来。fell 是实义动词，单独作谓语。1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有 be 一词，例如：He is a teacher.他是一名教师。（is 与补足语一起说明主语的身份。）2）持
6、续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep,rest,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：He always kept silent at meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。This matter rests a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。3）表像系动词用来表示看起来像这一概念，主要有 seem,appear,look,例如：He looks tired.他看起来很累。He seems(to be)very sad.他看起来很伤心。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有 feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：This kind of cloth
7、feels very soft.这种布手感很软。This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。5）变化系动词这些系动词表示主语变成什么样，变化系动词主要有 become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。6）终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有 prove,trun out,表达证实，变成之意，例如：The rumor proved false.这谣言证实有假。The sea
8、rch proved difficult.搜查证实很难。His plan turned out a success.他的计划终于成功了。（turn out 表终止性结果）助动词1）协助主要动词构成谓语动词词组的词叫助动词（Auxiliary Verb）。被协助的动词称作主要动词（Main Verb）。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用，例如：He doesnt like English.他不喜欢英语。（doesnt 是助动词，无词义；like 是主要动词，有词义)2）助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：a.表示时态，例如：He is singing.他在唱歌。He has got marr
9、ied.他已结婚。b.表示语态，例如：He was sent to England.他被派往英国。c.构成疑问句，例如：Do you like college life?你喜欢大学生活吗？Did you study English before you came here?你来这儿之前学过英语吗？d.与否定副词 not 合用，构成否定句，例如：I dont like him.我不喜欢他。e.加强语气，例如：Do come to the party tomorrow evening.明天晚上一定来参加晚会。He did know that.他的确知道那件事。3）最常用的助动词有：be,have,
10、do,shall,will,should,would助动词 be 的用法1）be+现在分词，构成进行时态，例如：They are having a meeting.他们正在开会。English is becoming more and more important.英语现在越来越重要。2)be+过去分词，构成被动语态，例如：The window was broken by Tom.窗户是汤姆打碎的。English is taught throughout the world.世界各地都教英语。3）be+动词不定式，可表示下列内容：a.表示最近、未来的计划或安排，例如：He is to go t
11、o New York next week.他下周要去纽约。We are to teach the freshpersons.我们要教新生。说明：这种用法也可以说成是一种将来时态表达法。b.表示命令，例如：You are to explain this.对此你要做出解释。He is to come to the office this afternoon.要他今天下午来办公室。c.征求意见，例如：How am I to answer him?我该怎样答复他？Who is to go there?谁该去那儿呢？d.表示相约、商定，例如：We are to meet at the school ga
12、te at seventomorrow morning.我们明天早晨 7 点在校门口集合。助动词 have 的用法1）have+过去分词，构成完成时态，例如：He has left for London.他已去了伦敦。By the end of last month,they had finished half oftheir work.上月未为止，他们已经完成工作的一半。2）have+been+现在分词，构成完成进行时，例如：I have been studying English for ten years.我一直在学英语，已达十年之久。3）have+been+过去分词，构成完成式被动语态
13、，例如：English has been taught in China for manyyears.中国教英语已经多年。助动词 do 的用法1）构成一般疑问句，例如：Do you want to pass the CET?你想通过大学英语测试吗？Did you study German?你们学过德语吗？2）do+not 构成否定句，例如：I do not want to be criticized.我不想挨批评。He doesnt like to study.他不想学习。In the past,many students did not know theimportance of Engli
14、sh.过去，好多学生不知道英语的重要性。3)构成否定祈使句，例如：Dont go there.不要去那里。Dont be so absent-minded.不要这么心不在焉。说明：构成否定祈使句只用 do，不用 did 和 does。4）放在动词原形前，加强该动词的语气，例如：Do come to my birthday party.一定来参加我的生日宴会。I did go there.我确实去那儿了。I do miss you.我确实想你。5）用于倒装句，例如：Never did I hear of such a thing.我从未听说过这样的事情。Only when we begin ou
15、r college life do we realizethe importance of English.只有在开始大学生活时我们才认识到英语的重要性。说明：引导此类倒装句的副词有 never,seldom,rarely,little,only,so,well 等。6）用作代动词，例如：-Do you like Beijing?-你喜欢北京吗？-Yes,I do.-是的，喜欢。（do 用作代动词，代替 like Beijing.）He knows how to drive a car,doesnt he?他知道如何开车，对吧？助动词 shall 和 will 的用法shall 和 will
16、作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时，例如：I shall study harder at English.我将更加努力地学习英语。He will go to Shanghai.他要去上海。说明：在过去的语法中，语法学家说 shall 用于第一人称，will 只用于第二、第三人称。现在，尤其是在口语中，will 常用于第一人称，但 shall 只用于第一人称，如用于第二、第三人称，就失去助动词的意义，已变为情态动词，试比较:He shall come.他必须来。（shall 有命令的意味。）He will come.他要来。（will 只与动词原形构成一般将来时。）助动词 should,
17、would 的用法1）should 无词义，只是 shall 的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，只用于第一人称，例如：I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I shoulddo next week.我昨天给他打电话，问他我下周干什么。比较：What shall I do next week?I asked.我下周干什么？我问道。（可以说，shall 变成间接引语时，变成了 should。）2）would 也无词义，是 will 的过去形式，与动词原形构成过去将来时，用于第二、第三人称，例如：He said he would come.他说他要来。比较
18、：I will go,he said.他说：我要去那儿。变成间接引语，就成了：He said he would come.原来的 will 变成 would，go 变成了 come.。短语动词动词加小品构成的起动词作用的短语叫短语动词（Phrasal Verb）。例如：Turn off the radio.把收音机关上。（turn off 是短语动词）短语动词的构成基本有下列几种：1）动词+副词，如：black out；2）动词+介词，如：look into；3）动词+副词+介词，如：look forward to。构成短语动词的副词和介词都统称为小品词（Particle）。非谓语动词在句子中
19、充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式，动名词，和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。1）不定式时态语态主动被动一般式to doto be done完成式to have doneto have beendone2）动名词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done3）分词时态语态主动被动一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done否定形式：not+不定式，not+动名词，not+现在分词精题精讲高考应用非谓语动词与语法填空非谓语动词是
20、历年高考语法填空的必考点。如果句中已有谓语动词，并确定所给动词要填写为非谓语动词，就要考虑是 v.ing 形式、过去分词形式还是动词不定式。典题试做 1用所给动词的正确形式填空12016全国.a TV show in the mid1980s，when I was the first Western TV reporter_(permit)to film a special unit caring forpandas rescued from starvation in the wild.22016全国My ambassadorial duties willinclude _(introduc
21、e)British visitors to the120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at aresearch centre in the misty mountains ofBifengxia.32016全国If you find something you lovedoing outside of the office，youll be less likely_(bring)your work home.42016全国Skilled workers also combinevarious hardwoods and metal _(create)spe
22、cial designs.52016全国People probably cooked theirfood in large pots，_(use)twigs(树枝)toremove it.62016四川For 25 days，she never left her baby，not even to find something _(eat)!72016浙江Are you sure youre ready for thetest?No problem.Im well_(prepare)for it.82016浙江A sudden stop can be a very_(frighten)exper
23、ience，especially if youare travelling at high speed.答案：1.permitted2.introducing3.to bring4to create5.using6.to eat7.prepared8.frightening应对策略 11首先分析句子结构，若句子中已有谓语动词且不是并列谓语时，需考虑非谓语动词。然后分析非谓语动词在句中作何成分，再根据各非谓语动词特点确定填哪种形式。对于不定式的考查，需注意不定式的时态和语态，熟记常考跟不定式作宾语的动词以及一些常考句式。2现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果或伴随，且与句子主语构成逻辑上的主动关系
24、；现在分词作定语表示动作的主动进行行为或正在进行中；动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作；此外，应熟记能用动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语。3过去分词可作状语、定语或补语，表示被动与完成；若作表语常考的为形容词性化的过去分词；过去分词不可作主语或宾语。4其次，还可以从分析句子成分角度，确定所填非谓语动词的形式：(1)作主语，v.ing 形式与不定式一般可以互换，意义无多大区别；但在疑问句和句型“There isno主语”中，主语需用动名词而不用不定式。(2)作目的状语或在形容词后作状语，一般用不定式。(3)作伴随状语，通常用分词：与逻辑主语是主动关系，用现在分词；与逻辑主语是被动关系，用过去
25、分词。(4)作宾语，通常用动名词或不定式，介词后面要用动名词。(5)作定语：不定式表将来；现在分词表进行；过去分词表被动与完成。(6)作宾语补足语：不定式表动作全过程；现在分词表主动或进行；过去分词表被动或完成。(7)独立主格和 with 复合结构的非谓语动词要考虑与复合宾语的逻辑关系。非谓语动词与短文改错高考短文改错中，句中出现多个谓语动词且无连词的错误；非谓语动词形式错误，如本该用不定式或动名词却用了原形；在介词或某些动词后本应接动名词的却用了原形，本该用现在分词的却用了过去分词等。另外，不定式符号to 的多用或少用也常考。典题试做 2单句改错(每小题 1 处错误)12016全国We ca
26、n choose between stayingat home and take a trip._22015全国I showed them I wasindependent by wear strange clothes._32015全国After looks at the toy for sometime，he turned around and found that his parentswere missing._42015浙江I enjoyed sit close to the windowsand looking at the view._52015浙江The position of
27、 the classroom withits view made me felt like I wasdreaming._62015陕西My favorite picture at the party isof my coach and me enjoy the biscuits with happylaughter！_答案：1.taketaking2.wearwearing3.lookslooking4.sitsitting5.feltfeel6.enjoyenjoying应对策略 2句中已有谓语动词，若再出现动词，又没有并列连词，注意考虑非谓语动词的形式，根据其在句中成分以及逻辑关系，来判
28、断其形式是否正确。做短文改错时，需注意以下几个方面：1作主语或宾语不能用动词原形，通常改为 v.ing 形式或不定式。因在短文改错中，只能改一个词，如果主语是原形，就只能改为 v.ing形式了。2熟记其后只能接 v.ing 或只能接 to do 作宾语的动词。3介词后要用动词的 v.ing 形式。注意区分to 是介词还是不定式符号。4一些固定短语或句式中的非谓语动词形式。5根据非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的关系来确定用 v.ing 形式还是用 v.ed 形式。6别混淆谓语动词与非谓语动词。书面表达中非谓语动词易错点聚焦1缺少非谓语动词的主动与被动意识(误)We thought it wrong fo
29、r her to_punish.(正)We thought it wrong for her to_be_punished.(误)The man lay on his back，with his whole bodyburying in the sand.(正)The man lay on his back，with his whole bodyburied in the sand.2缺少搭配意识(误)Would you please stop to_watch TV?Youhave watched it for too long.(正)Would you please stop watchi
30、ng TV？Youhave watched it for too long.(误)Your suit needs to_iron.(正)Your suit needs ironing.(正)Your suit needs to_be_ironed.3缺少前后主语一致意识(误)Before_handing in your test paper，it isnecessary to go over the whole paper.(正)Before_handing in your test paper，you shouldgo over the whole paper.(正)Before_you_h
31、and in your test paper，youshould go over the whole paper.4缺少结构意识(误)Time permits，Ill talk for another hour.(正)Time permitting，Ill talk for another hour.(误)Having_not been in the city long，I was still astranger there.(正)Not_having been in the city long，I was still astranger there.高效演练.单句语法填空12017安徽合肥八
32、中段考Inside，though，theplace was practically emptythere was just onecouple，_(sit)at a table near the window.22017安徽示范性高中联考These clubs giveyou the opportunity_(play)a sport youlove or learn a sport that is new to you.32017安徽示范性高中联考In these cases，club members have to work hard to organizefundraisers and
33、collect money to keep theirsports_(go)42017福建福州十三中期中He saw the stone，_(say)to himself.52017湖南衡阳八中二模By chance Elizabethsaw Darcys and Wickhams faces at the momentwhen they caught sight of each other，and shewas_(astonish)at the effect of themeeting.答案：1.sitting解析：句意：然而，室内实际上很空荡，只有一对夫妇坐在窗边的桌子旁。描述前面 one
34、 couple 所发生的动作行为，用动词的现在分词。2to play解析：句意：这些俱乐部给你机会去进行你所喜欢的运动或学习你还不熟悉的运动。opportunity 后接动词不定式作定语，表示“做的机会”。3going解析：句意：这些情况下，俱乐部成员不得不努力组织募捐活动和筹集资金以保证运动会的进行。keep doing“一直做”。4saying解析：句意：他看着那块石头，心想：。根据句子结构可知，此处用非谓语动词形式，he 和 say 是主动关系，须用现在分词。5astonished解析：句意：就在他们互相见面的时候，伊丽莎白碰巧看见了达西和威克姆的脸；她对会面的结果很吃惊。根据句意可知，
35、表示人的心理状态，astonish 用过去分词形式。.单句改错12017安徽合肥八中段考Having a pleasanttrip and see you Friday._22017安徽示范性高中联考To achievedetermination，we need the followedstrategies._32017福建福州十三中期中She cant imagineso young a girl live alone._42017河北邯郸一模Watch the flag rising inthe brilliant sun，we were quite excited and proudof
36、 our motherland._52017湖北黄冈 3 月质检I was worrying anddecided to take her to a hospital._答案：1.HavingHave2.followedfollowing3.liveliving 或livelives4.WatchWatching5worryingworried.语法填空A(非谓语动词专练)There is a wonderful story about a young girl whohad no family and no one 1._(love)her.One day,2._(feel)very sad
37、 and lonely，she was walking through grassland when shenoticed a small butterfly 3._(catch)in athorn bush.The young girl carefully released thebutterfly.Instead of 4._(fly)away，thelittle butterfly changed into a beautiful fairy.“In return for your wonderful kindness，”the goodfairy said to the girl，“I
38、 will give you any wish thatyou would like 5._(get)”The little girlthought for a moment and then replied，“I want tobe happy.”6_(lean)toward her，the fairy whisperedin her ear and then disappeared.With the little girl 7._(grow)up，therewas no one in the land happier than shewas.Everyone wanted to make
39、themselves8._(tell)the secret of happiness byher.She would only smile and answer，“The secretof my happiness is that I listened to a good fairywhen I was a little girl.”When she was dying，the neighbors all gatheredaround her,9._(fear)that her unbelievablesecret of happiness would die with her.So they
40、begged her 10._(tell)them what the goodfairy said.The lovely old woman simply smiledand said，“She told me that everyone，no matterhow old or young，how rich or poor，had need ofme.”答案：1.to love2.feeling3.caught4.flying5.to get6.Learning7.growing8.told9fearing10.to tellB2017云南玉溪一中高三月考Almost everyone has
41、 some kind ofhobby.1._may be anything fromcollecting stamps to making model planes.Somehobbies are very expensive，but 2._arevaluable only to their owners.I know a man whohas a coin collection worth several thousanddollars.A short time ago he bought a seldom3._(see)fiftycent piece worth$250！Hewas ver
42、y happy about what he bought and thoughtthe price was 4._(reason).5._theother hand my youngest brother collects matchboxes.He has almost 600 of them but I doubt6._they are worth any money.However，tomy brother they are very valuable.Nothing makeshim 7._(happy)than to find a new matchbox for his collection.Thats 8._a hobbymeans，I guess.It is something we like to do in ourspare time simply 9._the fun of it.Thevalue in dollars is not important，but the10._(pleased)it gives is.答案：1.It2.others3.seen4.reasonable5On6.whether/if7.happier8.what9.for10pleasure
