1、高中英语语法总结大全之代词要点清单人称代词的用法1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语，例如：John waited a while but eventually he went home.约翰等了一会儿，最后他回家了。John hoped the passenger would be Mary andindeed it was she.约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽，还真是她。说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When he arrived,John went straight to the bank.约翰一到就直接去银行了。2）人称代词的
2、宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语，例如：I saw her with them,at least,I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起，至少我认为是她。（her做宾 语，them 做介词宾语，her 作主语补语）a.-Who broke the vase?-谁打碎了花瓶？b.-Me.-我。（me 作主语补语=Its me.）说明：在上面两例句中，her 和 me 分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正式文体中这里应为 she 和 I。人称代词之主、宾格的替换1)宾格代替主格a.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或
3、在 not后，多用宾语。-I like English.-我喜欢英语。-Me too.-我也喜欢。-Have more wine?-再来点酒喝吗?-Not me.-我可不要了。b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。He is taller than I/me.He is taller than I am.2)主格代替宾格a.在介词 but，except 后，有时可用主格代替宾格。b.在电话用语中常用主格。-I wish to speak to Mary.-我想和玛丽通话。-This is she.-我就是玛丽。注意：在动词 be 或 to
4、 be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。I thought it was she.我以为是她。(主格-主格)I thought it to be her.(宾格-宾格)I was taken to be she.我被当成了她。(主格-主格)They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她。(宾格-宾格)代词的指代问题1）不定代词 anybody，everybody，nobody，anyone，someone，everyone，no one，及whoever 和 person 在正式场合使用时，可用 he,his,him 代替。Nobody came,did he?谁也没来，
5、是吗?2）动物名词的指代一般用 it 或 they 代替，有时也用 he,she，带有亲切的感情色彩。Give the cat some food.She is hungry.给这猫一些吃的。她饿了。3）指代车或国家，船舶的名词，含感情色彩时常用 she。并列人称代词的排列顺序1)单数人称代词并列作主语时，其顺序为：第二人称 第三人称 第一人称you he/she;it-IYou,he and I should return on time.2)复数人称代词作主语时，其顺序为：第一人称 第二人称 第三人称weyou They注意：在下列情况中，第一人称放在前面。a.在承认错误，承担责任时，It
6、 was I and John that made her angry.是我和约翰惹她生气了。b.在长辈对晚辈，长官对下属说话时，如长官为第一人称，如：I and you try to finish it.c.并列主语只有第一人称和第三人称时，d.当其他人称代词或名词被定语从句修饰时。物主代词1）物主代词既有表示所属的作用又有指代作用，例如：John had cut his finger;apparently there was abroken glass on his desk.约翰割破了手指，显而易见，他桌子上有个破玻璃杯。物主代词有形容词性（my,your 等）和名词性（mine,you
7、rs 等）两种，形容词性的物主代词属于限定词。名词性的物主代词在用法上相当于省略了中心名词的-s 属格结构，例如：Jacks cap 意为 The cap is Jacks.His cap 意为 The cap is his.2)名词性物主代词的句法功能a.作主语，例如：May I use your pen?Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？你的比我的好用。b.作宾语，例如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours.我爱我的祖国就像你爱你的祖国一样深。c.作介词宾语，例如：Your should interpret
8、 what I said in my sense ofthe word,not in yours.你应当按我所用的词义去解释我说的话，而不能按你自己的意义去解释。d.作主语补语，例如：The life I have is yours.Its yours.Its yours.我的生命属于你，属于你，属于你。双重所有格物主代词不可与 a,an,this,that,these,those,some,any,several,no,each,every,such,another,which 等词一起前置，修饰一个名词，而必须用双重所有格。公式为：a,an,this,that+名词+of+名词性物主代词。
9、如：a friend of mine.each brother of his.反身代词1）列表Iyouyoushehemyselfyourselfyourselvesherselfhimselfwetheyitoneourselvesthemselvesitselfoneself2）做宾语a.有些动词需有反身代词absent,bathe,amuse,blame,dry,cut,enjoy,hurt,introduce,behaveWe enjoyed ourselves very much last night.我们昨晚玩得很开心。Please help yourself to some fi
10、sh.请你随便吃点鱼。b.用于及物动词+宾语+介词take pride in,be annoyed with,help oneself to sth.I could not dress(myself)up at that time.那个时候我不能打扮我自己。注：有些动词后不跟反身代词，get up,sit-down,stand up,wake up 等。Please sit down.请坐。3）作表语；同位语be oneself:I am not myself today.我今天不舒服。The thing itself is not important.事情本身并不重要。4）在不强调的情况下，
11、but,except,for 等介词后宾语用反身代词或人称代词宾格均可。如：No one but myself(me)is hurt.注意：a.反身代词本身不能单独作主语。(错)Myself drove the car.(对)I myself drove the car.我自己开车。b.但在 and,or,nor 连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是 myself 作主语。Charles and myself saw it.5）第二人称作宾语，要用反身代词。You should be proud of yourself.你应为自己感到骄傲。相互代词1）相互代词只有 each oth
12、er 和 one another 两个词组。他们表示句中动词所叙述的动作或感觉在涉及的各个对象之间是相互存在的，例如：It is easy to see that the people of differentcultures have always copied each other.显而易见，不同文化的人总是相互借鉴的。2）相互代词的句法功能：a.作动词宾语；People should love one another.人们应当彼此相爱。b.可作介词宾语；Does bark,cocks crow,frogs croak to each other.吠、鸡鸣、蛙儿对唱。说明：传统语法认为，相
13、互关系存在于两个人或物之间用 each other，存在于两个以上人和物之间用 one another。现代英语中，两组词交替使用的实例也很多，例如：He put all the books beside each other.他把所有书并列摆放起来。He put all the books beside one another.他把所有书并列摆放起来。Usually these small groups were independent ofeach other.这些小团体通常是相互独立的。c.相互代词可加-s 构成所有格，例如：The students borrowed each othe
14、rs notes.学生们互借笔记。指示代词1）指示代词分单数（this/that）和复数（these/those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，例如：单数复数限定词：This girl is Mary.Those men are myteachers.代词：This is Mary.Those are myteachers.2)指示代词的句法功能；a.作主语This is the way to do it.这事儿就该这样做。b.作宾语I like this better than that.我喜欢这个甚至那个。c.作主语补语My point is this.我的观点就是如此。d.作介词宾语
15、I dont say no to that.我并未拒绝那个。There is no fear of that.那并不可怕。说明 1：指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。（that 作主语，指人）(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this 作限定词）(错)He is going to marry this.（this 作宾语时不能指人）(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this 指物，可作宾语)说明 2：That 和 those
16、可作定语从句的先行词，但 this 和these 不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有 those可指人，试比较：(对)He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对)He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those 指人）(错)He admired that who danced well.（that 作宾语时不能指人）(对)He admired those who danced well.他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those 指人）(对)He admired those which
17、 looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those 指物）疑问代词1）疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用，用来构成疑问句。疑问代词有下列几个：指人：who,whom,whose指物：what既可指人又可指物：which2）疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前，没有性和数的变化，除 who 之外也没有格的变化。what,which,whose 还可作限定词。试比较：疑问代词：Whose are these books on the desk?桌上的书是谁的？What was the directional flow of U.S.territorialexpansion?美国的领
18、土扩张是朝哪个方向的？限定词：Whose books are these on the desk?桌上的书是谁的？What events led to most of the east of theMississippi River becoming part of the UnitedStates?哪些事件使密西西比河以东的大部分土地归属于美国？说明 1：无论是做疑问代词还是限定词，which 和what 所指的范围不同。what 所指的范围是无限的，而 which 则指在一定的范围内，例如：Which girls do you like best?你喜欢哪几个姑娘？What girls d
19、o you like best?你喜欢什么样的姑娘？说明 2：Whom 是 who 的宾格，在书面语中，它作动词宾语或介词宾语，在口语中作宾语时，可用 who代替，但在介词后只能用 whom,例如：Who(m)did you meet on the street?你在街上遇到了谁？（作动词宾语）Who(m)are you taking the book to?你要把这书带给谁？（作介词宾语，置句首）To whom did you speak on the campus?你在校园里和谁讲话了？（作介词宾语，置介词 后，不能用 who 取代。）说明 3：疑问代词用于对介词宾语提问时，过去的文体中介
20、词和疑问代词通常一起放在句首，现代英语中，疑问代词在句首，介词在句未，例如：For what do most people live and work?大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么？（旧文体）What are you looking for?你在找什么？（现代英语）说明 4：疑问代词还可引导名词性从句，例如：I cant make out what he is driving at.我不知道他用意何在。Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on thebed?你能告诉我床上的蓝衬衣是谁的吗？Much of what you say I agree w
21、ith,but I cannotgo all the way with you.你说的我大部分同意，但并不完全赞同。关系代词1）关系代词用来引导定语从句。它代表先行词，同时在从句中作一定的句子成分，例如：The girl to whom I spoke is my cousin.跟我讲话的姑娘是我表妹。（该句中 whom 既代表先行词the girl，又在从句中作介词 to 的宾语。）2）关系代词有主格，宾格和属格之分，并有指人与指物之分。在限定性定语从句中，that 可指人也可指物，见下：限定性非限定性限定性指人指物指人或指物主 格 whowhich that宾 格 whomthat tha
22、t属 格 whoseof which/whoseof which/whose例如：This is the pencil whose point is broken.这就是那个折了尖的铅笔。(whose 指物，在限定性定语从句中作定语)He came back for the book which he had forgotten.他回来取他丢下的书。（which 指物，在限定性定语从句中作宾语，可以省略）3）关系代词 which 的先行词可以是一个句子，例如：He said he saw me there,which was a lie.他说在那儿看到了我，纯属谎言。说明：关系代词 that
23、在从句中作宾语或表语时可省略，例如：Ive forgotten much of the Latin I once knew.我过去懂拉丁语，现在大都忘了。Hes changed.Hes not the man he was.他变化很大，已不是过去的他了。every,no,all,both,.1）不定代词有all,both,every,each,either,neither,more,little,few,much,many,another,other,some,any,one,no 以及 some,something,anything,everything,somebody,someone,a
24、nybody,anyone,nothing,nobody,no one,none,everybody,everyone.等。2）不定代词的功能与用法a.除 every 和 no 外不定代词既可用作名词，也可用作形容词。every 和 no 在句中只能作定语。I have no idea about it.b.all 都，指三者以上。all 的主谓一致：all 的单复数由它所修饰或指代的名词的单复数决定。All goes well.一切进展得很好。all 通常不与可数名词单数连用，如：不说 allthe book，而说 the whole book。但 all 可与表时间的可数名词单数连用，如
25、allday，all night，all the year；但习惯上不说 allhour，all century。all 还可以与一些特殊的单数名词连用，如 allChina，all the city，all my life，all the way3)both 都，指两者。a.both 与复数动词连用，但 both and可与单数名词连用。b.both,all 都可作同位语，其位置在行为动词前，be 动词之后。如果助动词或情态动词后面的实义动词省 去，则位于助动词或情态动词之前。Who can speak Japanese?We both(all)can.4)neither 两者都不a.nei
26、ther 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。b.作定语与单数名词连用，但 neither nor 用作并列连词，可与复数名词连用。其谓语采用就近原则。c.可用于下列句型，避免重复。She cant sing，neither(can)he.neither 与 nord.如前句是否定式从句，则主句用 neither，而不用 nor。If you dont do it，neither should I.如果你不干，我也不干。e.如后连续有几个否定句式，则用 nor，不用neither。He cant sing，nor dance，nor skate.none,few,some,any,.1、none 无1)
27、none 作主语，多与 of 构成短语 none of。在答语中，none 可单独使用。Are there any pictures on the wall?None.2)none 作主语，谓语动词单复数均可。但如做表语，则其单复数与表语一致。It is none of your business.2、few 一些，少数few 作主语时，谓语动词用复数，多用于肯定句。3、some 一些1)可与复数名词及不可数名词连用。2)当做某一解时，也可与单数名词连用。（=acertain）You will be sorry for this some day.总有一天，你会后悔这件事的。A certain
28、(some)person has seen you break therule.某些人不同意你的看法。注意：(1)在肯定疑问句中用 some 代替 any。(2)some 用于其他句式中:a.肯定疑问句中：说话人认为对方的答案会是肯定的，或期望得到肯定回答时。Would you like 句式中，表委婉请求或建议，如：Would you like some coffee?b.在条件状语从句中表示确定的意义时，如：If you need some help，let me know.c.some 位于主语部分,Some students havent been there before.d.当否定
29、的是整体中的部分时，some 可用于否定句。如：I havent heard from some of my old friends theseyears.这些年我没有收到一些老朋友的信。4、any 一些1)any 多用于否定句和疑问句和条件状语从句中。当句中含有任何的意思时，any 可用于肯定句。Here are three novels.You may read any.这有三本小说，你可任读一本。5、one,ones 为复数形式ones 必须和形容词连用。如果替代的名词时无形容词在前，则用 some,any，而不用 ones。Have you bought any rulers?Yes，
30、I ve boughtsome.代词比较辩异 one,that 和 itone 表示泛指，that 和 it 表示特指。that 与所指名词为同类，但不是同一个，而 it 与所指名词为同一个。I cant find my hat.I think I must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我该去买一顶。The hat you bought is bigger than that Ibought.(同类但不同个)你买的那顶帽子比我买的大。I cant find my hat.I don t know where I putit.(同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了
31、。one/another/the otherone the other 只有两个some the others 有三个以上one another，anothersome others，othersothers=other people/thingsthe others=the rest 剩余的全部1)泛指另一个用 another。2)一定范围内两人(物)，一个用 one，另一个用the other。3)一定范围内三者，一个用 one，另一个用 one(another)，第三个可用 the other，a third。4)一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用 the others。5)泛指
32、别的人或物时，用 others 当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用 others。the的妙用He is one of the students who help me.He is the one of the students who helps me.他是帮我的学生之一。第一句定语从句与 the students 一致。第二句定语从句与 the one 一致。anyone/any one;.1anyone 和 any oneanyone 仅指人，any one 既可指人，也可指物。2no one 和 nonea)none 后跟 of 短语，既可指人又可指物，而 noo
33、ne 只单独使用，只指人。b)none 作主语，谓语动词用单，复数均可，而no one 作主语谓语动词只能是单数。None of you could lift it.你们中没有人可举起它。-Did any one call me up just now?-刚才有人打电话给我吗?-No one.-没有。3every 和 each1)every 强调全体的概念，each 强调个体概念。Every student in our school works hard.我们学校的学生都很用功。Each student may have one book.每个学生都可有一本书。2)every 指三个以上的人
34、或物(含三个)，each 指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。3)every 只作形容词，不可单独使用。each 可作代词或形容词。Every student has to take one.Each boy has to take one.Each of the boys has to take one.4)every 不可以作状语，each 可作状语。5)every 有反复重复的意思，如 every two weeks等；each 没有。6)every 与 not 连用，表示部分否定；each 和not 连用表示全部否定。Every man is not honest.并非每个人都诚实。Each
35、 man is not honest.这儿每个人都不诚实。both,either,neither,.这些词都可用作代词或形容词。其位置都在 be动词之后，行为动词之前或第一助动词之后。1)both(两者都)，either(两者中任何一个)，neither(两者都不)。以上词使用范围为两个人或物。Neither of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都不聪明。2)both，eitherboth 与复数连用，either 与单数连用。Both the boys are clever.两个男孩都很聪明。Either of the two boys is clever.两个男孩都
36、很聪明。There are flowers on both sides of the street.(两岸)There are flowers on either side of the street.(岸的两边)路边长满了野花。3)all(所有的，全部的人或物)，any(任何一个)，none(都不)。以上词使用范围为三者以上。All the flowers are gone.所有的花都谢了。I dont like any of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。I like none of the flowers.这些花我都不喜欢。注意：all 与 none 用法一样。跟单数名词，用
37、单数动词；跟复数名词，用复数动词。All of the students are there.所有的学生都在那。All(of)the milk is there.所有的牛奶都在那。many,muchMany，much 都意为许多，many+可数名词，much+不可数名词。How many people are there at the meeting?How much time has we left?Many of the workers were at the meeting.Much of the time was spent on learning.few,little,a few,.
38、(a)few+可数名词,(a)little+不可数名词a few/a little 为肯定含义，还有一点few/little 为否定含义，没有多少了。He has a few friends.他有几个朋友。He has few friends.他几乎没有朋友。We still have a little time.我们还有点时间。There is little time left.几乎没剩下什么时间了。典型例题:Although he s wealthy，he spends_ on clothes.A.littleB.fewC.a littleD.a few答案：A.spend 所指的是钱，不
39、可数，只能用little 或 a little.本句为 although 引导的让步状语从句，由句意知后句为否定含义，因此应用 little 表示几乎不。固定搭配:only a few(=few)not a few(=many)quite a few(=many)many a(=many)Many books were sold.Many a book was sold.卖出了许多书精题精练高考应用代词与语法填空代词在语法填空中考查指示代词、不定代词以及 it 的用法时无提示词，而考查人称代词、物主代词与反身代词的词形变换常给出提示词。典题试做 1用适当的词或所给单词的适当形式填空12016全
40、国On my recent visit，I held alively threemonthold twin that had beenrejected by _(it)mother.22016四川By that time，the panda no longerneeded_(it)mother for food.32015广东Now it occurred to _ thathis farm had much potential and that the death ofthe cow was a bit of luck.答案：1.its2.its3.him应对策略 11当句子缺主语或宾语时，
41、填代词。要根据语境，看该空格是指人还是指物，是男还是女，是单数还是复数。为了避免重复，it，one(s)，that，those 都可以用来替代上文出现的名词，要注意它们的不同用法。it 可以用来代替不定式、动名词或从句作形式主语或形式宾语。还要注意不定代词 one，both，neither，nor，all，none，either，another 等的用法。2如是物主代词(表示某人的)，作主语、宾语或表语用名词性物主代词；在名词前作定语只能用形容词性物主代词；反身代词反指谁，它通常作主语和宾语的同位语，这时应与主语或宾语一致；也可作某些动词或介词的宾语，这时需与主语一致。代词与短文改错高考短文改
42、错中，对于代词的考查常会涉及人称不一致、代词混用或漏掉代词等方面出现的错误。典题试做 2单句改错(每小题 1 处错误)12016全国My uncle says that he neverdreams of becoming rich in a short period oftime.Instead，he hopes that our business will growsteadily._22016全国If we go on a trip abroad，we canbroaden your view and gain knowledge we cannotget from books._320
43、16全国It does not cost many，yet we canstill learn a lot._42016全国At first，I thought I kneweverything and could make decisions byyourself._52016全国When he came back，I found abunch of flowers in her hand._答案：1.ourhis2.yourour3.manymuch4yourselfmyself5.herhis应对策略 2对于代词的考查，要注意以下几点：(1)顺藤摸瓜，理清短文中代词的指代关系，注意联系上
44、下文，还要注意人称一致、单复数一致以及性别的一致等；(2)注意人称代词格的误用，以及物主代词、反身代词或疑问代词等的错用；(3)系统掌握 it 的各种用法；(4)准确把握不定代词在文中的正确使用。书面表达中代词易错点聚焦1主格、宾格混乱，如：(误)You and us should join hands to do it.(正)You and we should join hands to do it.2语序错误，如：(误)I_and_my_family all like playing golf.(正)My_family_and_I all like playing golf.3称谓指代混乱
45、，如：(误)Everyone should take an umbrella withyourself.(正)Everyone should take an umbrella withhimself_or_herself.高效演练.单句语法填空12017福建福州十三中高三期中Once therelived a rich man who wanted to do _forthe people of his town.22017湖南衡阳八中二模_changedcolour，one white，the other red.32017福州十三中高三期中All of themcomplained abo
46、ut the stone but none of them triedto remove_.42017江西南昌高三联考Nowadays，schoolviolence is a hot issue.I think this is aphenomenon，_ calling for our greatconcern.52017山东肥城二中月考At the end of thefive minutes，no one could find _(they)own ballon.答案：1.something2.Both3.it4.something5their.单句改错12017湖南衡阳八中二模No do
47、ubt moneyplays an important role in our daily life，but itdoes not mean nothing._22017江西南昌高三联考As it is known，weare what we eat._32017山东临沭一中月考They finallydropped Gina off at her parents and made ourown way home._42017四川成都外国语学校月考He remindedhow my father had sent me to the best college inour city._5If i
48、ts a false alarm and there is no fire，yourteacher will lead us back to theclassroom._答案：1.nothinganything2.去掉 it3.TheyWe4.reminded 后加 me5.yourour.语法填空A(代词专练)“Without the ball，Im half complete of1._，”Luis Figo，one of the worldsgreatest football players once said.The Portuguese played his first intern
49、ationalmatch in 1991 at the age of 18 and has keptscoring ever since.He reached a new mark on February 18 by playing2._hundredth match for his national teamin a friendly match against England.A crowd ofmore than 30,000 fans watched and cheered for3._in Lisbon.“Figo，Figo，”4._(all，both)shouted excited
50、lywhen he walked onto the field.The Real Madrid player,31，wanted to help hiscountry in Euro 2004 and to win5._(another，other)Spanish Cup withReal Madrid.Madrid bought Figo from FCBarcelona for 82.4 million dollars in 2000，and heshowed 6._(everyone，anyone)what agreat player he was by winning FIFAs Fo
51、otballerof the Year award in 2001.“Figo works like an artist and has the skills to bethe most complete player，”said FIFA PresidentJoseph Blatter in 2001.“Figo 7._ is a realleader 8._always tries his best on the fieldand a good team player.He doesnt have anyproblems working together with his teammate
52、 atReal Madrid，star footballer David Beckham.”Infact，Figo was the first 9._to welcomeBeckham when he arrived.“We have a strong team，and we can help one 10._ and worktogether to be successful，”Figo said.答案：1.myself2.his3.him4.all5.another6everyone7.himself8.who9.one10.anotherB2017江西临川一中高三期中Last Sunda
53、y I waited in line to see my hero，JackCanfield,1._author of The SuccessPrinciples.During his talk，Jack reached for hiswallet pulled out a hundreddollar bill and said，“Who 2._(want)it？”The audience allraised their hands,3._(wait)to see whomJack would choose.However，I ran to the stage andcaught the bi
54、ll.As I 4._(expose)to theaudience，I wondered 5._I would beteased by them.But mydesire for the money waslouder than any 6._(doubt)voice.When Igot the bill from his hand，he said，“Thats it！We cant wait for the opportunities to come tous.We must take action to seize 7._wewant.”Usually we all have a“Jack
55、”for whom wewait.We just take 8._for granted that giftsof life are just around the corner，and thateverything will come 9._(nature)So wedont try.We just give up.My advice is that all ofus should take the chance to takeaction,10._nothing will be gained at last.答案：1.the解析：此处用定冠词 the 特指后面的The Success Pr
56、inciples的作者。2wants解析：直接引语暗示用一般现在时，而 who 为不定概念的某个人，故用 wants。3waiting解析：raised 为句子的谓语动词，暗示后面需要用分词作伴随状语，wait 与 theaudience 为主动关系，故用现在分词。4was exposed解析：expose sb.to sth.“使暴露于”为固定搭配，本处考查其被动用法，整篇文章为故事话题，故用一般过去时的被动语态。5whether/if解析：wonder 后跟 if 或 whether引导宾语从句，意为“想知道是否”。6doubtful解析：用形容词 doubtful 修饰名词voice。7what解析：seize 为及物动词，其后接宾语从句，而从句中缺少作及物动词 want 宾语的连接词，故填 what。8it解析：take sth.for granted 为固定搭配，意为“视为当然”，that 从句为真正的宾语对应形式宾语 it。9naturally解析：come 为动词，需要用副词naturally 来修饰。10or/otherwise解析：结合上下文句式和结构可知此处缺少一个连词连接，表示让步，意为“否则，要不然”，故用 or 或 otherwise。