1、上海2012届高三下学期（八）校联合调研考试英语试卷（八校联考）2012.2.16参加学校：华师大一附中、曹杨二中、市西、市三女子、控江、格致、市北、(育才、晋元高中)第I卷 （共 105 分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection A: GrammarDirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Kee
2、ping a foreign pet is dangerous, as the owner might be infected _ the diseases brought along with the animal.A. in B. with C. by D. for26. All the ladies wear beautiful clothes for the celebration. Some are dressed in red, _ in purple.A. other B. another C. others D. the other27. According to some t
3、heories _ from psychoanalysis, life is supposedly easier; and more pleasant when anxiety is overcome.A. obtain B. obtaining C. to obtain D. obtained28. To understand the complex situation completely requires more thought than _ so far. A. gave B. has given C. has been given D. is being given29. To s
4、how our respect, we usually take our gloves off _ we are to shake hands with. A. whoever B. whenever C. whichever D. wherever30. You _ an A on your term paper, but you quoted a little bit more from others papers. A. should receive B. could have receivedC. would receive D. must have received31. Eric,
5、 a middle-aged fashion designer, is very happy because the clothes be designed have never been _.A. most popular B. the most popular C. less popular D. more popular32. We are strongly against the companys decision _ it will fire half of its staff in the following years. A. which B. that C. what D. w
6、hen33. Nancy, _ for about half a year to apply for a job as an airline hostess, finally took a position at a shopping center. A. struggled B. having struggled C. struggling D. to struggle34. Dont start reading a book _ you find that its one you can read with ease and understanding. A. when B. if C.
7、unless D. though35. I cant believe that anyone else in the school can swim as fast as you, _?A. can I B. cant they C. cant you D. can they36. One of the things that made me long _ back in prison was that I had little opportunity thinking and reflection. A. be B. being C. to be D. to being37. When yo
8、u have a job interview, its _ youre dressed that sets the tone of it. A. however B. how C. what D. whatever38. The new lecture course differs from the old one, _ the students arent required to attend lectures. A. which that B. that C. which D. in which39. Fortunately, what the witness reported to th
9、e police on the phone led to _.A. the suspects being captured B. capture the suspectC. the suspect having captured D. be captured by the suspect40. _ they may have, the CEO of the corporation calls on all the staff to gather their courage to strive it.A. What a serious problem B. However a serious p
10、roblemC. How serious a problem D. Whatever a serious problemSection B: VocabularyDirections: Complete the passage by choosing the proper words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. reward B. ignore C. unique D. completed E. perseveringF. solut
11、ion G. ride H. recovery I. brush J. challengingWhat is your dream? What is the goal that you have set for yourself and are working to achieve? Realizing your dreams is not an easy _41_.Last fall I decided to write a new book for my publisher. Writing a book is a _42_ goal, which got off to a terrifi
12、c start last October. The writing is flowing well. Then I got sick. In fact, I got ill that I needed surgery and the _43_ was long and exhausting. I did not work from the first week of November until the second week of January. By then I was nervous about meeting the April deadline for submitting th
13、e new manuscript to my publisher.Worried, I asked my author friends for some help, and they gave me this key piece of advice, “Lets start writing! they all said. So I did. It was not an immediate _44_ to my depression, but after a few weeks of _45_, I got back to normal. Several people in my circle
14、of supporters helped me make some good connections and I got the book _46_, and to the publisher on time. It was an exciting goal for me to reach, so I took my family to Hawaii as my _47_.Sometimes you _48_ your own dreams because of self-doubt, fear, or external complications. You can think of many
15、 different excuses to _49_ those dreams aside, but, if you go after your dreams, your world will become more exciting and you will begin to live a more passionate and meaningful life.So, now, take a minute to write down three goals you want to accomplish this year.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A
16、Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In 1867 the United States faced the task of rebuilding after the destruction of the Civil War, so it looked westward for the
17、 raw materials needed to fuel industrial growth. Geological surveys and mapping journeys were set forth to explore this 50 territory. These groups, in turn, hired mapmakers, scientists, cooks, drivers, and doctors. They also hired painters and photographers as part of the teams. Painters needed few
18、supplies, making it relatively easy for them to travel in the wilderness, _51_ photographers were not so lucky; they had to transport a fully stocked darkroom on the _52_.Until the late 1870s, most photographers used the _53_ wet-collodion process. The first step was to wash a clean sheet of glass w
19、ith a sticky mixture of collodion and chemicals, (collodion or gun-cotton was a recent medical discovery used to cover wounds because the viscous (粘性的) solution turned into a protective film when dry.) After it was washed, the plate went into another bath that the picture was _54_ getting darker; Fi
20、nally, the glass negative (底片) was washed clean with fresh water. _55_ a photograph from the negative had to wait until the photographer went back to the studio. The _56_ of the negative depended on the size of the camera. Some negatives could be as large as 20 by 24 inches.Imagine the _57_ of takin
21、g photographs in the 1860s and 1870s in the remote western wilderness! Photographers went over Rocky Mountains and through rushing rivers. They were _58_ in the terrible desert heat, with cameras, sheets of glass, and vats of chemicals. Bad weather, equipment failures, and accidents were frequent pr
22、oblems. They persevered, but success in creating a negative did not _59_ the production of a photograph; plates still had to be _60_ transported back to the studio before the image could be printed on paper. A photographer could carry 120 pounds of many miles to _61_ a magnificent view only to have
23、the easily broken plate _62_ in transportation._63_, once photographers were successful, the results were superb and much admired. Photographs were put on exhibition, and people bought albums filled with pictures by Timothy OSullivan, Carleton Watkins, and William Henry Jackson. Jacksons photographs
24、 of Yellowstonesnatural wonders, along with the paintings of fellow Thomas Moran, even helped _64_ Congress to preserve thousands of acres of this land in 1872 as the nations first national park.Section BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or u
25、nfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）I once had my Chinese MBA students brainstorming on “two-hour business plans”. I separated them into six groups an
26、d gave them an example: a restaurant chain. The more original their idea, the better, I said. Finally, five of the six groups presented plans for restaurant chains. The sixth proposed a catering service. Though I admitted the time limit had been difficult, I expressed my disappointment.My students w
27、ere middle managers, financial analysts and financiers from state owned enterprises and global companies. They were not without talent or opinions, but they had been shaped by an educational system that rarely stressed or rewarded critical thinking or inventiveness. The scene I just described came i
28、n different forms during my two years teaching at the school. Papers were often copied from the Web and the Harvard Business Review. Case study debates were written up and just memorized. Students frequently said that copying is a superior business strategy, better than inventing and creating.In Chi
29、na, every product you can imagine has been made and sold. But so few well developed marketing and management minds have been raised that it will be a long time before most people in the world can name a Chinese brand.With this problem in mind, partnerships with institutions like Yale and MIT have be
30、en established. And then theres the “thousand talent scheme”: this new government program is intended to improve technological modernization by attracting top foreign trained scientists to the mainland with big money. But there are worries about Chinas research environment. Its hardly known for prod
31、ucing independent thinking and openness, and even big salary offers may not be attractive enough to overcome this.At last, for China, becoming a major world creator is not just about setting up partnerships with top Western universities. Nor is it about gathering a group of well-educated people and
32、telling them to think creatively. Its about establishing a rich learning environment for young minds. Its not that simple.65. Why does the author feel disappointed at his students?A. Because there is one group presenting a catering service.B. Because the six groups made projects for restaurant chain
33、s.C. Because all the students copied a case for the difficult topic.D. Because the students ideas were lacking in creativeness.66. We can infer from the passage that _.A. China can make and sell any product all over the worldB. high pay may not solve the problem of Chinas research environmentC. coop
34、eration with institutions has been set up to make a Chinese brandD. the new government program are aimed at encouraging imagination67. Which is the best title of the passage?A. Look for a New Way of Learning. B. Reward Creative Thinking.C. How to Become a Creator. D. Establish a technical Environmen
35、t.（B）Every summer, no matter how urgent work schedule is, I take off one day exclusively for myson. We call it dad-son day. This year our third stop was the amusement panic, where we discoveredthat he was tall enough to ride one of the fastest roller coasters (过山车)in the world. We experienced throug
36、h face-stretching turns and circles for ninety seconds. Then, as we stepped off the ride, in a calm voice, he remarked that it was not as exciting as other rides hed been on. As I listened, I began to sense something seriously out of balance.Throughout the season, I noticed similar events all around
37、 me. Parents found it hard to find new stimulations for cold kids. Surrounded by ever-greater stimulation, their young feces were looking disappointed and boredFacing their childrens complaints of nothing to do, parents were spending large numbers of dollars for various forms of entertainment In man
38、y cases the money seemed to do little more than buy relief from the terrible complaint of their bored children. This set me thinking the obvious question: How can it be so hard for kids to find something to do when theres been such a range of stimulating entertainment available to them?What really w
39、orries me is the strength of the stimulation. I watch my little daughters &ce as she absorbs bloody special effects in movies.Why do children facing such excitement seem starved for more? Thai was, I realized, the point I discovered during my own adolescence that what creates excitement is not going
40、 fast, but going faster. Excitement has less to do with speed than changes in speed.I am concerned about the increasing effect of years at these levels of feverish activity. It is no mystery to me why many teenagers appear uninterested and burned out, with a been there, done that air of indifference
41、 toward much of life. As increasing numbers of friends children are advised to take medicine to deal with inattentiveness at school or anti-depressants (抗抑郁药)to help with the loss of interest and joy in their livesI question the role of kids boredom in some of the diagnoses (处方).My own work is focus
42、ed on the chemical imbalances and biological factors related to behavioral and emotional disorders. These are complex problems. Yet Ive been reflecting more and more on how lie pace of life and the strength of stimulation may be contributing to the rising rates of psychological problems among childr
43、en and adolescents in our society.68. The reason why the author felt surprised in the amusement park was that _.A. his son was not as excited by the roller coasters ride as expectedB. his songs enjoyed turns and circles with his face stretchedC. his son appeared upset but calm while riding the rolle
44、r coastersD. his son could keep his balance so well on the fast moving roller coasters69. According to the author, children will probably feel excited _.A. if their parents allow them to ride roller coasters very oftenB. since parents spend money on the same form of entertainmentC. after they take a
45、nti-depressants according to the diagnosesD. if they are often exposed to more stimulating entertainment70. From his own experience, the author came to the conclusion that children seem to expect _.A. a much wider variety of sports facilitiesB. activities that require complicated skillsC. the change
46、 of the forms of recreationD. more challenging physical exercise71. In order to relieve childrens boredom, the author would probably suggest _.A. adjusting the pace of life and strength of stimulationB. promoting the practice of dad-son daysC. consulting a specialist in child psychologyD. balancing
47、school work with after school activities（C）Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the Eng
48、lish, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for relatives and friends. The food served symbolizes the occasio
49、n and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who
50、 are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a mens house, separately from the
51、ir wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husbands portion to the mens house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marr
52、iage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lese on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couples eating together for the first time. Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple. In U.S. society, it is just the
53、 reverse. A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things. In some societies, members of a family group, arc not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their ancestor. Since they believe themselves to be children of that ance
54、stor, it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank, which is found in its most extreme form in the caste (social class) system of India. A caste system consists of ranked groups, each with a different economic specializati
55、on. In India, there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution. Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions, particularly saliva（唾液）,of individuals of lower-ranked castes. Because of the fear of pollution, Brahmans and other high-r
56、anked individuals will not share food with, not eat from the same plate as, not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class.72. According to the passage, who will NOT eat together?A. The English during regular meals.B. Americans on their first date.C. Men and women in Near Easter
57、n societies.D. Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland.73. In Paragraph 4, the underlined word taboos means _.A. favors B. prohibitions C. hatred D. gossips74. According to the passage, eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT .A. the type of food B. social relations.C. marital s
58、tatus D. family ties.75. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Different kinds of food in western countries.B. Relations between food and social units.C. Symbolic meanings of different kinds of food.D. Food consumption in different cultures.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose t
59、he most suitable heading from the list A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. The description of using amateur records to encourage the public.B. The description of old records kept by amateur naturalists.C. Concerns over amateur data for lacking objectivity and
60、precision.D. The necessity of encouraging amateur collection.E. How people react to their involvement in data collection.F. The application of amateur records to phonology.76._Tim Sparks slides a small leather-bound notebook out of an envelope. The books yellowing pages contain beekeeping notes made
61、 between 1941 and 1969 by the late Walter Coates of Kilworth, Leicestershire. He adds it to his growing pile of local journals, birdwatchers lists and gardening diaries. Were uncovering about one major new record each month, he says, I still get surprised. Around two centuries before Coates, Robert
62、Marsham, a landowner from Norfolk in east of England, began recording the life cycles of plants and animals on his estate. Successive Marshams continued recording these notes for 211 years.77._Today, such records are being put to uses that their authors couldnt possibly have expected. These data set
63、s, and others like them, are proving valuable to ecologists interested in the timing of biological events, or phonology. By combining the records with climate data, researchers can reveal how, for example, changes in temperature affect the arrival of spring, allowing ecologists to make improved pred
64、ictions about the impact of climate change.78._But not all professionals are happy to use amateur data. A lot of scientists wont touch them, they say theyre too full of problems, says Root. Because different observers can have different ideas of what forms, for example, an open snowdrop. The biggest
65、 concern with ad hoc (临时的) observations is how carefully and systematically they were taken,” says Mark Schwarts of the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, who studies the interactions between plants and climate. We need to know pretty precisely what a persons been observingif they just say I noted
66、when the leaves came out, it might not be that useful.” Measuring the onset of autumn can be particularly problematic because deciding when leaves change color is a more subjective process than noting when they appear.79._Overall, most phrenologists arc positive about the contribution that amateurs
67、can make. They get the raw power of science: careful observation of the natural world, says Sagarin. Others suggest that the right statistics can iron out some of the problems with amateur data. Together with colleagues at Wageoingen University in the Netherlands, environmental scientist Arnold van
68、Vliet is developing statistical techniques to account for the uncertainty in amateur phonological data. Besides, the data are cheap to collect, and can provide breadth in space, time and range of species, Its very difficult to collect data on a large geographical scale without enlisting an army of o
69、bservers, says Root.80._Phonology also helps to drive home messages about climate change. “Because the public understand these records, they accept them,” says Sparks. It can also illustrate potentially unpleasant consequences, he adds, such as the finding that more rat infestations are reported to
70、local councils in warmer years. And getting people involved is great for public relations. People are excited to think that the data they have been collecting as a hobby can be used for something scientificit empowers them” says Root.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the q
71、uestions or complete the statements in the fewest possible wordsThe automobile may not be closely associated with modem American culture, but it has occupied a central role in Americas economic and social history.No one can deny the status of Henry Ford in car history. When the first Ford Model T ro
72、lled off the assembly line in 1908, businessman Henry Ford transformed the car from a luxury attachment for the rich to an automobile product for the middle classes. The rush of cars into the community forced all levels of government to build new and better roads. Better roads fed the demand for lar
73、ger, faster, more stylish vehicles, and a host of companies rushed to meet that demand.If there was a first Golden Age of automobile, it may well have been the 1950s. It was an age of prosperity. Large, regular paychecks encouraged the public display of wealth through costly items such as new cars.
74、Americans, moreover, needed those cars as they moved away from the cities into the suburbs, where such things as stores, jobs, and schools were seldom within walking distance. Cars became essential if people were to get to work or to the grocery store.As Ac 1950s slipped into 1960s, it became appare
75、nt that these fashionable wheels were gas-consuming road cruisers, dangerous in an accident, and often full of faults. Under pressure from a variety of groins, the federal government required that newer models provide greater fuel efficiency and cleaner emissions. Seatbelts became standard equipment
76、 as well Rising fad prices in the 1970s, coupled with concern for the environment, made the smaller cars produced by foreign companies for European and Asian markets very popular.The 1980s and 1990s saw an upswing in the popularity of big cars. New models including minivans and sport utility vehicle
77、s have become main products in auto dealers showrooms. Traffic jams on the roads have become part of the American way of life. In 1911 a horse could travel through rush-hour traffic in Los Angeles at 11 miles per hour. In 2000 a car covering the same territory at the same time of day moved at about
78、4 miles per hour. But perhaps that is not important. When a car is equipped with a telephone and television set, a computer, and global positioning satellite connections, it can feel just like home.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)81. made Henry Ford
79、well-known in car history.82. That the car industry prospered in the 1950s in America resulted from _.83. Why were smaller cars once popular in the 1970s? 84. In todays society, how can a car make people ignore traffic jams?第II卷 （共45分）I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into
80、 English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 实验结果比预想的要满意得多。 （turn）2. 许多人通过这个项目接受培训后决定自己创业。 （decide）3. 最令他们疑惑的是如何才能清除那个地区的空气污染。 （puzzle）4. 游客在世界上找不到比在印度做衣服更便宜的地方了。 （Nowhere）5. 许多人意识到要寻求一种能够进一步开发他们潜能的完全不同的学习方式，这是一种非常积极的现象。 （conscious）II. Guided Writing Directions: Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the picture and direction given.近年来学习英语热持续升温，许多幼儿园开设了英语课。然而，许多专家认为孩子不宜过早学习外语，应该先学好中文，请就幼儿园是否应该开设英语课谈谈你的看法并说明理由。
