1、Lesson 5The House began debate today on a three-year bill to combat trafficking and use of illegal drugs. The measure has the support of most representatives and House Speaker Thomas ONeill says he expects it to pass by tomorrow. Among other things, the bill would increase penalties for violators, p
2、rovide money to increase drug enforcement and coast guard personnel, and require drug producing countries to establish eradication programs as a condition of US support for development loans. A cultural exchange between the US and the Soviet Union may face an American boycott unless US News and Worl
3、d Report correspondent, Nicholas Daniloff, is freed from a Moscow jail. An American style town meeting is scheduled to take place in Latvia next week, but the two hundred seventy Americans due to take part say they wont go if Daniloff remains in jail. They add the decision is a personal one and is n
4、ot being made by the Reagan Administration in retaliation for the Daniloff detention. Egyptian and Israeli negotiators have reached agreement on resolving the Taba border dispute, clearing the way for a summit between the two countries to begin tomorrow. Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak and Israeli
5、Prime Minister Shimon Peres will meet in Alexandria. Details of the Taba agreement have not been made available. The United States House of Representatives is debating an omnibus drug bill and expects to pass the measure tomorrow. Though the bill has attracted strong bipartisan support, NPRs Cokey R
6、oberts reports the debate on the issue points up the differences between political parties. When Congress returned from the Fourth of July recess, House Speaker Tip ONeill said there was only one thing members were talking about in the cloak-room: drugs. The Democrats quickly pulled together chairme
7、n from twelve different committees to draft a drug package. Then, stung by criticism that they were acting in a partisan fashion, the Democratic leaders invited the Republicans to join them in the newly declared war on drugs. So, when the bill came to the House floor today, the party leaders led off
8、 debate. Texas Democrat Jim Wright. Its time to declare an all-out war, to mobilize our forces, public and private, national and local, in a total coordinated assault upon this menace, which is draining our economy of some two hundred and thirty billion dollars this year, slowly rotting away the fab
9、ric of our society, seducing and killing our young. That it will take money is hardly debatable. We cant fight artillery with spitballs. The question of just how much money this measure will cost has not been answered to the satisfaction of all members. Democrats say its one and half billion dollars
10、 over three years, with almost seven hundred thousand for next year. Republicans claim the price tag will run higher and are trying to emphasize other aspects of the drug battle, aspects which they think play better in Republican campaigns. Minority leader Robert Michel. The ultimate cure for the dr
11、ug epidemic must come from within the heart of each individual faced with the temptation of taking drugs. It is ultimately a problem of character, of will power, of family and community, and concern, and personal pride. Among other items, the bill before the House increases penalties for most drug r
12、elated crimes, sets the minimum jail term of twenty years for drug trafficking and manufacturing, authorizes money for the drug enforcement administration and prison construction, beefs up the ability of the coast guard and customs service to stop drugs coming into this country, and creates programs
13、 for drug education. The various sections of the measure give House members ample opportunity to speak on an issue where they want their voices heard. Maryland Democratic Barbara McCulsky was nominated for the Senate yesterday. Today, she spoke to the part of the bill which funds drug eradication pr
14、ograms in foreign countries. When we fought yellow fever, we didnt go at it one mosquito at a time. We went right to the swamp. Thats what the Foreign Affairs section of this legislation will do. It will go to the swamps, or where cocaine is either grown, refined, or manufactured. Republican Henson
15、Moore is running for the Senate in Louisiana. He spoke to the part of the drug bill which changes the trade laws for countries which deal in drugs. Were moving to stop something; its absolutely idiotic. It needs to be stopped: this situation of where a country can sell legally to us on the one hand
16、and illegally to us under the table, selling drugs in this country poisoning our young people and our population. Today in China, in Nanjing, balloons, firecrackers and lion dancers mark the dedication of the Johns Hopkins UniversityNanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies. For the
17、 first time since World War II, Chinese and American students will attend a graduate institution in China that is administered jointly by academic organizations that are worlds apart figuratively and literally. NPRs Susan Stanberg reports. Cross-cultural encounters can be extremely enriching; cross-
18、cultural encounters can be utterly absurd. Lets see. That would be eighty-seven. So, . ba-shi-qi-nian-qian, . lets see, . equal . proposition equal, . Heres what that American was trying to say in Chinese. Four score and seven years ago, our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation . a n
19、ew nation conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now you dont have to be dealing with classic American oratory to run into problems. In planning for the Center for Chinese and American Studies, there was much debate as to whether the new auditorium on
20、the Nanjing campus should have a flat or sloped floor. If the floor were flat, the auditorium could be used for dances, for parties, but a sloped floor would be better for listening, for viewing films and slides. The argument finally won out that for practical reasons a flat floor would be best beca
21、use it . it really would make it a multi-purpose room. You wouldnt have to fix the furniture. Stephen Muller is President of Johns Hopkins University, the US end of this Sino-American joint venture in learning. So, a flat floor was built. Only the Chinese in building it finally ended up with a flat
22、floor but at two different levels, one higher than the other. So, if you want to use it for dances, you either have to have very short women with very tall men or vice versa. Twenty-four Americans and thirty-six Chinese of mixed heights are the first students at the Hopkins-Nanjing Center. Nanjing u
23、sed to be Nanking, by the way, back in the days when Beijing was Peking. The Americans will take classes in Chinese history, economics, trade, politics, all from Chinese faculty. The Chinese will study the US with American university professors. Johns Hopkins President Stephen Muller says this is ad
24、vanced study work. All the Chinese students are proficient in English; all the Americans have masters degrees plus fluency in Chinese. The twenty-four Americans come from about eighteen colleges and universities. No one institution in this country produces that many people of this character; so that
25、s a beginning. Nanjing is not the place; the Center is not the place to go, if you want a doctorate in Chinese history or Chinese language or Chinese literature or whatever. This is a pre-professional program. Which means the men and women who spend the year at the Nanjing Center will end up as dipl
26、omats or business people in one anothers country. Our hope is that the Americans, to speak about those, who are going to be incidentally rooming with Chinese roommates, which is a very interesting thing the Chinese agree to, that the Americans will not only bring a year of living in China, a year of
27、 having studied with Chinese faculty and hearing the Chinese view of Chinese foreign policy in economics and so on, that they will also have the kind of friends among Chinese roughly their age who are going to be dealing with the United States. That will slowly, over the years, create a real network
28、, if you will, if people who, because theyve had this common experience, can deal with each other very easily and, you know, be kind of a rallying pointan old boy, old girl network, as it were. Hopkins President Muller admits that a simple exchange programChinese students coming to the US, and Ameri
29、can students going to Chinawould involve far fewer headaches than running jointly an academic institution on foreign soil. Plus the success of the Hopkins-Nanjing Center depends on undependables, like continuing sweet Sino-American relations and being able to attract funding. And theres this wrinkle
30、. Some of the people who will study there, without any question, will probably come from or afterwards enter the intelligence community. That its really desirable that people who do that have that kind of background. Were very honest about that, but its so easy to denounce the whole thing as an espi
31、onage center, or something. You know, theres a lot of fragility in this thing. Stephen Muller is President of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore. The Hopkins-Nanjing University Center for Chinese and American Studies was dedicated today in China. Im Susan Stanberg. How do you say good luck in Chinese? Dont know. I dont know Chinese. Youd better learn. Thats a phrase I should know. Yes.