1、上海市交通大学附属中学2021届高三9月开学考试英语试题II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,
2、use one word that best fits each blank. This is not the end of meatIt is true that some Americans have had to adapt to some changes during the pandemic. Some slaughter-houses shut down as the virus ran rampant through the workforce. One Tyson Foods pork-processing plant closed after more than 20% of
3、 (21) _ employees tested positive. Hundreds of Wendys locations can out of burgers. Grocery stores put limits on how much meat customers (22) _ buy. But while Eating Animals author Jonathan Sarfran Fore took to the New York Times to declare, The end of meat is here, and others have noted the increas
4、ed sales of plant-based meat products like Beyond Burgers, there is little evidence that any change in our eating habits will stick. (23) _ history tells us is that Americans become upset about meat only when production is shown to be unsanitary（不卫生的）, or when supply reduces and prices go up. In fac
5、t, meat is so central to the American diet that President Trump has sought to keep supermarket butcher cases full with far more urgency than he has approached other aspects of the pandemic. Not only did he issue an Executive Order (24) _ (consider) processors of beef, pork and poultry critical infra
6、structure, he also announced billions of dollars in relief for food producers, much of (25) _ will benefit industrial-meat companies. These actions are not surprising: if those cases were empty on his watch, it would mean he (26) _ (fail) to defend a fundamental, part of the countrys cultural struct
7、ure. Of course, its not as if we didnt already have initiative (27) _ (reduce) our meat consumption. Its well documented that animals (28) _ (raise) for meat, dairy and eggs increase greenhouse-gas emissions that cause climate change. And for years we were told to eat less red meat (29) _ _ links to
8、 heart disease, cancer and other health conditions. That produced a certain amount of change in the American diet, toward move chicken. But (30) _ 1999 Gallup poll found that 6% of Americans identified as vegetarians. In 2018, that number was 5%. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper
9、 word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. (A)A. sympathy B. heartfelt C. valued D. terms E. serve F. compliment G. distraction H. thirsted I. obligation J. devoted K. affection Im a 50-something male, the father of two mostly grown gi
10、rls. Im happy to say that both my parents are still kicking. Im on good _31_ with my brothers and sisters most of the time. I am III. Reading Comprehensions blessed with good friends and other relations, and tend to get on well with my co-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I cons
11、istently disappoint everyone I know. I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine _32_. It simply doesnt come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of _33_ than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for.
12、I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a _34_ desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, everyone loses. I feel like Ive twisted the emotional and social development of my children, alienated（疏远）any number o
13、f perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arms length. After years of psychotherapy and the obsessive self-examination common to my generation, I believe I know where this meanness of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids
14、standing between me and object of our _35_. Mama was driven to _36_, to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete _37_ for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child. I
15、needed more than I got. I _38_ for my mothers attention. I needed to know that she _39_ me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. Thats OK, I reckoned, I can get by without it. it being her love.
16、 You can imagine the sibling rivalry in a big family. Eventually I took haven in the written word to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only _40_ to increase the gulf between me and my
17、 mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now were all one big happy family, but the damage is done. I want to be gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, its pretty much empty. (B)A. abstract B. altering C. constantly D. delicately
18、E. intentional F. loweredG. packed H. reliability I. shaking J. tremble K. vital If women are mercilessly exploited year after year, they have only themselves to blame. Because they _41_ at the thought of being seen it public in clothes that are out of fashion, they are always taken advantage of by
19、the designers and the big stores. Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. When you come to think of it, only a woman is capable of standing in front of a wardrobe _42_ full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear. Chan
20、ging fashions are nothing more than the _43_ creation of waste. Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn. Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way waste hours of their time _44_ the dresses they have. Skirts are lengthened or short
21、ened; necklines are _45_ or raised, and so on:No one can claim that the fashion industry contributes anything really important to society. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with _46_ things like warmth, comfort and durability. They are only interested in outward appearance and they take advanta
22、ge of the fact that women will put up with any amount of discomfort, as long as they look right. There can hardly be a man who has not at some time in his life smiled at the sight of a woman _47_ in a thin dress on a winter day, or _48_ picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes. When co
23、mparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the _49_ changing fashions of womens clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging sty
24、les of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and _50_? That is for you to decide. III. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
25、 In the World Cup, the U. S. and England arent traditionally rivals. But, off the field, a different type of _51_ has dominated for more than a century: what to call the worlds most popular sport. To Americans, its soccer. The most of the rest of the world (including England, the birthplace of the m
26、odern sport), its football. But what most people dont know is that the word soccer is not _52_ an American invention. On the contrary, it was a(n) _53_ from England, and one that was commonly used there until relatively recently, when it became too much of an Americanism for British English to bear.
27、 At least, thats the _54_ made by Stefan Szymanski, a professor of sports economics at the University of Michigan. In a paper from 2014, Szymanski writes that soccer _55_ late 19th-century England, as a way of differentiating between variants of the game which at the time did not have a commonly _56
28、_ set of rules. In the early 1800s in England, football and rugby existed as different _57_ of the same game. But in 1863, the Football Association was _58_ to standardize the rules of football so that nobles boys from different schools could play against one another. In 1871, the Rugby Football Uni
29、on followed suit. The two sports _59_ became known as Rugby Football and Association Football. In England, Szymanski writes, noble boys _60_ the shortened terms rugger and soccer to differentiate between Rugby Football and Association Football. To support this argument, he cites a letter to The New
30、York Times, published in 1905: It was a _61_ to Oxford and Cambridge to use er at the end of many words, such as foot-er, sport-er, and as Association did not take an er easily, it was, and is, sometimes spoken of as Soccer.And the term, Szymanski says, was widely _62_ in England through the first h
31、alf on the twentieth century. It became even more popular after World War II - driven, he suggests, by the number of American soldiers in the country and the _63_ with American culture around the world that came after the war. But by the 1980s, Brits started to _64_ the word, as soccer became a more
32、 popular sport in the United States. The penetration of the game into American culture, Szymanski writes, has led to backlash against the use of the word in Britain, where it was once considered a(n) _65_ to the word football. 51. A. debate B. resistance C. rivalry D. contrast 52. A. on earth B. in
33、fact C. without doubt D. on purpose 53. A. loan B. provision C. acceptance D. import 54. A. argument B. guess C. contribution D. claim 55. A. took off B. rose from C. originated in D. started with 56. A. agreed-upon B. made-up C. worked-out D. tightened-up57. A. rules B. settings C. shifts D. variat
34、ions 58. A. secured B. maintained C. established D. differentiated 59. A. relatively B. officially C. particularly D. outstandingly 60. A. settled down to B. came up with C. made up for D. looked up to 61. A. craze B. madness C. defence D. permission 62. A. admitted B. presented C. preserved D. reco
35、gnized 63. A. association B. fascination C. concern D. agreement 64. A. turn against B. hold back C. put off D. act on 65. A. connection B. compliment C. alternative D. response Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statement
36、s. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Dansh Boyd, who holds positions at Microsoft Research, New York University, and Harvards Berkman Center for Internet and Society, ha
37、s a pointed message for parents: Most everything we think we know about the way our kids are using the Internet is wrong. Boyds new book, its Complicated: The Social Lives of Networked Teens, makes the case that the Internet isnt nearly as scary or damaging to young people as many moms and dads beli
38、eve. As the mother of a 16-yaer-old, I found most of it fascinating. Here are two of my biggest takeaways: Technology is not turning our teens into social misfits. Although the image persists that young people would rather test than talk, and prefer connecting of Facebook than hanging out in person,
39、 Boyd says this isnt true. Most of the teens that I met . were desperate for the opportunity to leave their homes to gather with friends, she writes. The trouble is that in many communities, young people have less freedom than they once did because they are so over scheduled and because parents are
40、worried about their safety. The era of being able to run around after school as long as you are home before dark is long over. Boyd notes. To make up for this lost freedom, teens have turned to their computers. The success of social media must be understood partly in relation to this shrinking socia
41、l landscape. Boyd explains. Facebook, Twitter. Instagram, Snapchat, and other sites are not only new public spaces: they are in many cases the only public spaces in which teens can easily communicate with large groups of their peers. Adolescents arent as Internet savvy as we like to think. Although
42、teens have been called digital natives for having grown up practically glued to their computers and smart-phones, they still remain simple in many ways about what they find online. After all, theyre just kids. Many of todays teens are indeed deeply engaged with social media . but this does not mean
43、that they have the knowledge or skills to make the most of their online experiences, Boyd writes. The so-called digital natives, far from being useful, is often a distraction to understanding the challenges that youth face in the networked world.One area in which young people need help is in learnin
44、g to distinguish between valid and misleading sources of information. Teens may make their own media or share content online, Boyd observes, but this does not mean that they inherently have the knowledge or perspective to critically examine what they consume.Yet many teachers, librarians, and, yes,
45、parents do. Even those who are afraid of technology, Boyd says, can offer valuable critical perspective.As a mom or dad, the most important thing for your kid to plug into is your hard-earned wisdom. 66. Danah Boyds new book mainly talks about _. A. the correct and wise use of the Internet for young
46、 peopleB. teens real social lives online and advice for parents C. measures parents can take to deal with the damaging Internet D. fascinating takeaways for a mother of a 16-year-old67. According to Boyd, why are teens nowadays easily considered social misfits?A. Because they seem to prefer to commu
47、nicate through social networks. B. Because they are too over scheduled to hang out with friends in person. C. Because parents require them to stay at home more for safety reasons. D. Because social networks offer them convenience of communication 68. An Internet savvy person is one who _. A. tends t
48、o be cheated over the Internet all the timeB. is completely absorbed in social networks all the time C. knows how to fully and wisely use the Internet D. has the ability to distinguish right from wrong69. Boyd may suggest that parents should _. A. provide kids with more chances to leave homes and ga
49、ther with friends B. build more public places for kids to communicate with their peersC. provide kids with knowledge and skills to help them to digital natives D. filter out the misleading sources of information online for their kids (B)FOUR BOOKS YOU SHOULD READ Caroline Leavitt Cruel Beautiful Wor
50、ld At age 16 Lucy is a lonely orphan living with older sister Charlotte and devoted aunt in Waltham, Massachusetts. On the last day of school, she runs away with her 30-year-old teacher, William, and settles in a hillside shack in rural Pennsylvania, near his new teaching job. Though Lucy feels incr
51、easingly isolated, William wont allow her any outlet. Leavitt draws upon a real-life crime that involved a girl she knew in high school. She tells her story from multiple viewpoints, building tension and empathy for Lucy and Charlotte as tragedy swallows them. Steven Price By Gaslight Price, an awar
52、d-winning Canadian poet, achieves an extraordinary achievement of Dickensian storytelling in his weighty second novel. His hero is William Pinkerton, son of the founder of the legendary detective agency, who finds clues in his late fathers safe to the case of William Shade. This mythic thief had dis
53、turbed and upset his father. William tracks a Shade accomplice（共犯）, Charlotte Reckitt, to London, only to find shes been found dead in the Thames. Also on the scene is Adam Foole, who is obsessed with Charlotte, who he met while stealing De Beers diamonds from a South African mine. Price ably arrang
54、es dozens of interlinking plotlines as he spans three continents and several decades, from American Civil War battlefields to Scotland Yard at the end of the 19th Century. Ge Fei The Invisibility Cloak Beijing-based Ge Fei (pen name for Liu Yong) won the 2015 Mao Dun Literature Prize for fiction des
55、cribing the changing spirit of Chinese society over the past century. The Invisibility Cloak, his first English publication, revolves around Cui, a divorced man who creates customized hi-fi speakers for Beijings newly wealthy and a few intellectuals. Beijings rapid expansion has left Cut longing for
56、 an invisible life away from the city. His chance comes when he agrees to build a world-class sound system for a gangster（黑社会老大）. Ge Feis nice irony, translated from the Chinese by Canaan Morse, should find many fans. Tim Harford Messy The temptation to be neat and tidy may be powerful, but we would
57、 be better served by embracing a degree of mess, Harford argues. His defense of the creative potential of the imperfect, crude, random, vague, difficult, diverse and even dirty is refreshing. Reaching into the arts, politics, business, science and technology, Harford makes a compelling case for open
58、ing up to disorder and luck. 70. Which author does NOT tell a story in his / her work listed above?A. Caroline Leavitt B. Steven Price C. Ge Fei D. Tim Harford 71. Jack is an American who would like everything to be neat and tidy. He loves reading novels with ironic humor and detective stories. He i
59、s going to work and live in Beijing for the next three years, and he is very curious about the place he is soon heading to. Which book will he most likely choose to read now? A. Cruel Beautiful World B. By Gaslight C. The Invisibility Cloak D. Messy 72. This page is intended for people who want to _
60、. A. buy newly-published books at a discount B. recommend books to friends and family C. know what books are worthwhile to read D. understand the current trend in literature (C)Last week I had to attend an event that required me to look better than my regular self (having left effortless beauty behi
61、nd somewhere in my 20s), so I did what any self-respecting woman would do, which was to go for a blowout at a nearby Drybar. After the visit, my hair looked much better - so much better, in fact, that I was feeling almost effortlessly beautiful until I got back to my desk to find an email from Dryba
62、r, asking if I would rate my experience.Life is so complicated now. In order to buy, visit or do anything, you need to follow this six-step process:1. Decide and plan to do the thing 2. Do the thing 3. Take a photo of yourself doing the thing 4. Post the photo of you doing the thing on social media
63、5. Repeatedly check how many likes the post of you doing the thing got 6. Rate the thing However, sensible ones like me would usually like to stop after step 2. As I see it, there are two problems with our rate-everything way of living. First, the mystery-of-life issue. By my completely unscientific
64、 estimation, every time a new social-media platform is introduced, before long we will all know everything about everybody, and most of it will be things you dont want to know in the first place. Though some people may argue that expressing ourselves through ratings can help businesses perfect thems
65、elves. I dare say there can be more power in keeping your opinions to yourself than in giving a business a terrible review. I once worked for a legendarily scary woman whose power was all about her inscrutability. Every day her staff is doing anxious tea-leaf reading. Did she like that thing you sho
66、wed her? I dont know, she hasnt responded. Where did she go all afternoon? I dont know, she didnt tell anybody. She was strict, changeable, reserved, and above all, mysterious, which both explained her attraction and enabled her to keep us firmly within her control. Second problem: the time-suck fac
67、tor. No, Drybar, I do not want to be in a committed, dynamic relationship with you. I dont want to fill out a survey, and while I appreciate the email from user-support associate Katie, I feel upset for the time I spent reading it. Katie, if I need more help, I will reach out. Am I just a bad-temper
68、ed middle-aged lady who left effortless beauty behind in her 20s and now mostly wants to be left alone? Perhaps yes!In summary, and to businesses everywhere: I just want you to provide me with something that I pay for, and then I want no contact with you until the next time I need you. Isnt it enoug
69、h that I gave you my credit-card number? If time is indeed money, then by taking my money and afterword making me rate the experience of your taking my money, youre essentially double-billing me. And Im pretty sure thats illegal, as least in most states. 73. Which is NOT true about Drybar?A. Women g
70、ain self-respect there. B. It is near the authors place. C. Its a place making women look good. D. It collect customers reviews. 74. The example of a legendarily scary woman is used to illustrate _. A. we can know everything about everybodyB. we actually didnt want to know all the things C. ratings
71、can help business leaders in perfection D. theres more power in keeping opinions to oneself 75. The womans inscrutaility indicates that she _. A. wants others to solve her mysteries B. is reluctant to answer questions C. doesnt like to reveal her feelings D. likes to stay and act alone 76. What woul
72、d the author probably say to Drybar in response to the email she received?A. I am very satisfied because of your wonderful service. B. Spending time reading it and rating really disturbs me. C. I feel upset because you make me lose my beauty. D. Do I need to worry about leaving you my credit-card nu
73、mber?Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. Many societies are struggling with the consequences of a low birthrate and will struggle muc
74、h more in the future. B. In urban areas the birthrate has fallen far below replacement rate. C. In the mean time, women are more and more able to provide for their families than men. D. But with the ageing problem in Japanese society, old people will need care. E. However, with increasing old people
75、 in Japan, some of them may have to take care of themselves in the future. F. At the same time the social expectation that men will be able to provide for their families no longer matches the economic facts. Japans population is shrinking as well as ageing. _77_ In Tokyo it is below even the very ho
76、w rates recorded in Italy and in Spain. What lessons are there for the rest of us when one of the most prosperous and peaceful societies in the world appears to give up on children?The first thing is that globalization is not a simple homogenizing（使类同）process. _78_ For example, China will certainly
77、long be shaped in ways difficult to foresee by the one-child policy, even though it has now been axed. More generally, although it seems clear that in todays modern society women will often choose to have fewer children, the particular reasons vary between societies and so will the consequences. In
78、Japan, a country with very little immigration and little appetite for more, the consequences of an ageing population will be rather different from those western countries where the population is held up by the immigration of young people and their families. One thing that distinguishes Japan from th
79、e rest of the rich world is that Japanese women dont have babies outside marriage. Ninety-eight percent of babies are born to married parents, and even childcare outside extended family is frowned on. The fall in the birthrate almost exactly tracks the fall in the marriage rate since the 1970s. The
80、decline of marriage is a mixture of economic insecurity and womens lack of emancipation: for many women in Japan they have to make a choice between motherhood and any other career. As more women benefit from higher education and so gain the prospect of more interesting paid work, they are less willi
81、ng to give it up for family life, even in a working environment which is often still astonishingly unsupportive. _79_ The old jobs-for-life system has been weakened since the last century and many young men are excluded from it altogether. The consequence is that both men and women are less willing
82、to gamble on marriage. All of these factors make Japan very different from western Europe, where as many as half of all births now take place outside marriage and professional childcare is almost universally regarded as desirable. _80_ If the Japanese continue to be reluctant to have children, they
83、may end up having to allow immigrants to look after their parents - unless they want their care performed by robots. IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as
84、possible. The British psychoanalyst John Bowlby maintains that separation from the parents during the sensitive attachment period from birth to three may scar a childs personality and cause emotional problems in later life. Some people have drawn the conclusion from Bowlbys work that children should
85、 not receive day care before the age of three because of the parental separation it results in, and many people do believe this. But there are also arguments against such a strong conclusion. Firstly, authropologists（人类学家）point out that the isQulated love affair between children and parents found in
86、 modern societies does not usually exist in traditional societies. For example, we saw earlier that among the Ngoni（恩戈尼人）the father and mother of a child did not raise their infant alone - far from it. Secondly, common sense tells us that day care would not be so widespread today if parents, caretak
87、ers found children had problems with it. Statistical studies of this kind have not yet been carried out, and even if they were, the results would be certain to be complicated and controversial. Thirdly, in the last decade, there have been a number of careful American studies of children in day care,
88、 and they have reported that day care had a neutral of slightly positive effect on childrens development. But tests that have had to be used to measure this development are not widely enough accepted to settle the issue. But Bowlbys analysis raises the possibility that early day care has delayed eff
89、ects. The possibility that such care might lead to, say, more mental illness or crime 15 or 20 years later can only be explored by the use of statistics. Whatever the long-term effects, parents sometimes find the immediate effects difficult to deal with. Children under three are likely to protest at
90、 leaving their parents and show unhappiness. At the age of three or three and half almost all children find the transition to nursery easy, and this is undoubtedly why more and more parents make use of child care at this time. The matter, then, is far from clear-cut, though experience and available
91、evidence indicate that early is reasonable for infants. V. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1. 新发行的汽车牌照不适用于那些没有达到新标准的车辆。(apply)2. 政府已要求国有企业今年雇佣更多来自疫情爆发地的大学毕业生。(demand)3. 通常人们认为，如果夜猫子不调整自己的作息，要不了多久就会生病。(before, subject)4. 这
92、家等同于安全和诚信的品牌一被发现使用劣质原料，就被消费者抛弃了。(Hardly)VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 今年，湖南留守(left-behind)女孩钟芳蓉以676分报考北大考古(archaeology)专业，一些网民评论“专业太冷门”“浪费了分数”，认为报考计算机、金融、人工智能等专业更有“钱途”。你是否赞同这些网民的评论，请谈谈你的看法并说明理由。参考答案：I
93、I. Grammar and vocabulary Section A21. its 22. could 23. What 24. considering 25. which 26. had failed 27. to reduce 28. raised 29. because of 30. a Section B31. D 32. F 33. I 34. B 35. K 36. G 37. A 38. H 39. C 40. E 41. J 42. G 43. E 44. B 45. F 46. K 47. I 48. D 49. C 50. H III. Reading Comprehension Section A 51-55 CBDAC 56-60 ADCBB 61-65 ADBAC Section B ( A ) 66. B 67. A 68. C 69. C ( B ) 70. D 71. C 72. C ( C ) 73. A 74. D 75. C 76. B Section C 77. B 78. A 79. F 80. D
