1、高考题型重组练(七).阅读理解A2020石家庄市高三年级阶段性训练题Macinley Butson was just 16 years old when she first had the idea to try and protect women from morethannecessary radiation during breast cancer treatmentsand now, her invention could be a game changer in the medical field.Butson, whose father works in medical physi
2、cs, has always been interested in science. But she only began researching the side effects of radiation treatment after her father discussed his experience with ineffective cancer treatment in his work. Since Butson had also recently lost a relative to breast cancer, she felt inspired to conduct her
3、 own research on the subject. She tried to begin her medical research by consulting scientific journals, but she found their academic terms almost impossible to understand.She then turned to the Internet to find videos that taught how to read scientific journals. As she went deeper in her research,
4、she stumbled_upon a key bit of information: copper (铜) has been shown to be effective at protecting skin from radiation. An idea hit this Australian teen as she was viewing a film on medieval wars in her 10th grade history class. When she saw the scale (鳞) patterns of the mail (铠甲), she was inspired
5、 to create a wearable protective tool out of copper. She then headed back online and watched videos on how to put tiny scales together. She made her own flexible scale mail which she now calls SMART (Scale Maille Armour for Radiation Therapy)When her invention was tested in a laboratory setting, it
6、reduced surface exposure to unnecessary radiation by 75%. And now Butson is working on getting her SMART into clinical settings for use.1Why did Macinley Butson start her research?ATo assist her father with his work.BTo save her relative from cancer.CTo publish some articles in journals.DTo find eff
7、ective ways to treat cancer.2What does the underlined phrase “stumbled upon” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?ACame across. BMissed.CPassed on. DRequired.3Where did Macinley Butson get inspiration for her invention?AVideos online. BScientific journals.CHistory textbooks. DSoldiers defensive clothes.4Whi
8、ch of the following best describes Macinley Butson?AStubborn. BCreative.CSelfless. DConsiderate.B2020开封市高三第一次模拟Andrew Grey doesnt fit most peoples idea of an astronomer. He works in a car repair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data fr
9、om NASAs Kepler space telescope.Mr. Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding. For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to sci
10、ence.“This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in，” says Chris Lintott, an Oxford University astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and cofounder of Zooniverse, a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects. Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any fiel
11、d, from ecology to astrophysics.“As long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project，” Lintott says. “Anyone can identify patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial. Machine learning allows computers to do
12、 some pattern recognition. But humans, particularly amateur scientists, dont stay focused on what theyre supposed to. And thats good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.”“And citizen science doesnt have to be directed by a scientist，” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of
13、 the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University. “Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed them can also be citizen scientists，” she says. Thats what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broa
14、der investigation of lead levels.Citizenpowered research is as old as scientific inquiry. For centuries before science became professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them. Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from eve
15、ryday people.As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that were intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help.”5What made citizen scientists appear?AThe high level of science projects.BThe development of technology.CThe support of the government.DThe foundation of Zo
16、oniverse.6What is an advantage of humans in pattern recognition compared with machines?AHumans can identify patterns more swiftly.BHumans focus their attention on data.CHumans can observe uncommon things.DHumans have stronger emotions.7What is Lintotts attitude towards citizen science?AFavorable. BC
17、autious.CIndifferent. DDoubtful.8What would be the best title of the text?ACitizen Scientists Can Be IntelligentBScience Is Important to EveryoneCAnyone Can Be a ScientistDScience Is Everywhere.完形填空2020泰安市高考全真模拟题There I stood with tears in my eyes. I looked at a face which was so _1_ that I might mi
18、stake it for my own. I stared _2_ her in disbelief. It felt like a dream. I hugged her; she was real.Adopted at a very young age, I _3_ surrounded by people I loved as family. _4_， the faces werent like mine. They were people that loved me. As I got older, the curiosity to learn more about myself to
19、ok hold and didnt _5_.Who was I? Where did I come from?At the age of 21, I was given the chance to _6_ it out thanks to my adoptive parents the process of _7_.They accompanied me to the adoption agency. Then the staff _8_ the process of finding my birth mother. But the process was _9_ and I didnt ex
20、pect there would be many complex procedures. And the agency also had caution to move the procedures to ensure both parties privacy especially _10_ my birth mother didnt choose to meet me.Months later the agency told me that my birth mother was found and that she _11_ to meet me. We were excited. My
21、parents said my birth mother made great sacrifice as she gave me away, _12_ allowed them to support the family. Otherwise, it wouldnt have been possible on their own. I was _13_ what my birth mother might be doing and what she might look like. I created a(n) _14_ in my head.After a long process, the
22、 moment finally camewe reunited.She said she had made a(n) _15_ decision, when watching me leave with only the hope that another family could provide what she couldnt. She said she hesitated for long but knew she was right. I knew she loved me very much.1A. familiar Bugly Cold Dunclear2A. into Bto C
23、at Don3A. stood up Bcame up Cwarmed up Dgrew up4A. However BMeanwhile CTherefore DInstead5A. help Bstop Cincrease Darrive6A. figure Bpick Cturn Dsort7A. request Bappreciation Csupport Dforgiveness8A. delayed Bupdated Crefused Dexplained9A. important Bdiscouraging Cdifferent Dabstract10A. now that Bi
24、n case Ceven though Donly if11A. continued Bmanaged Cagreed Dhappened12A. what Bthat Cwho Dwhich13A. wondering Bconsulting Cguaranteeing Danticipating14A. schedule Bpicture Cdream Derror15A. necessary Bquick Cimpossible Ddifficult.语法填空2020山东省聊城市高考模拟一1._ (locate)in the northeast of Italy, Venice is k
25、nown as the “Floating City”. It is made up of over 100 small islands, which are connected by waterways and bridges. 2._ (fortunate), water is also putting Venice in great danger. Salt water is slowly damaging the bases of Venices buildings. The Floating City is, in fact, sinking.More problems are ca
26、used by floods, 3._ usually hit the city each winter. But these floods could now be a thing of the past thanks to a new flood 4._ (prevent) project. Venice lies in 5._ middle of a lagoon. Rain and strong winds cause seawater to travel through the natural gaps to Venice. Dozens of gates 6._ (build) t
27、o hold back the sea until now. Each of these gates is 20 meters wide, 7._ the longest one about 30 meters long. In the event of a big rise in the water level, the gates will be raised 8._ (separate) the city from the sea.But only time will tell 9._ this project is the right solution. The important t
28、hing is that action is being taken to protect this unique city for future generations. And if it works，it means a longer, 10._ (dry) future for Venice.高考题型重组练(七).阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会发明创造铜制鳞甲的发明过程文章大意文章讲述了Macinley Butson通过自己的研究与努力，制造出了铜制的鳞甲，可以用于减少癌症病人在放射性治疗中所遭受的不必要的辐射。1答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段第二句“But sh
29、e only began researching the side effects of.in his work”可知，在她的父亲谈论有关他工作中无效的癌症治疗经历后，她才开始研究放射治疗的副作用。由此可知，Macinley Butson开始自己的研究是为了找到治疗癌症的有效方法。故选D。2答案与解析：A考查词义猜测。根据第三段第二句中的“As she went deeper in her research”以及第三句中的“An idea hit this Australian teen”可知，Macinley Butson是在深入研究的过程中，无意中发现这一条重要信息的，并且根据这一条信息再
30、加上受所看的中世纪战争电影的启发，她有了一个主意。由此可知，“stumbled upon”的含义与A项“偶然发现”相近，故选A。3答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段第四句“When she saw the scale (鳞) patterns of the mail (铠甲), she was inspired to create a wearable protective tool out of copper”可知，Macinley Butson是从士兵的铠甲上获得发明灵感的，故选D。4答案与解析：B考查推理判断。通读全文内容可知，Macinley Butson通过查阅科学杂志进行放射治
31、疗的副作用方面的研究。随着研究的深入，她知道了铜在保护皮肤免受辐射方面有效，又受所看的中世纪战争电影中士兵所穿的鳞甲的启发而发明出了可减少癌症病人在放射性治疗中所遭受的不必要的辐射的铜制鳞甲SMART。由此可知，她是非常具有创造力的。故选B。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会人与科学公民科学家文章大意数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学作出了贡献，但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。5答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“only a few ordinary people.to science”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高
32、水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了公民科学家的出现，故选B。6答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第四段最后一句“And thats good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set”可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于其能够注意到一些不寻常的东西，故C项正确。7答案与解析：A考查观点态度。根据第三段Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段他表述的公民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话“People think that were intelligent, bu
33、t science is easy and we need your help”可推知，Lintott支持公民科学，故选A。8答案与解析：C考查主旨大意。文章第一段以表述澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为公民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于公民科学的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome help from everyday people”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。.完形填空文章大意本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作
34、者从小被收养在一个家庭中，但一直想要寻找自己亲生父母，经过努力最终找到亲生父母并见面的故事。1答案与解析：A句意：我站在那里，眼里含着泪水。我看着一张熟悉的脸，我可能会误以为是我自己的脸。根据第一句话 “眼里含着泪水”以及后文可知，这个人是作者的亲生母亲。所以是一张熟悉的脸庞。2答案与解析：C根据“ in disbelief”可知，作者不敢相信地盯着她，stare at盯着，没有其他搭配，故选C。3答案与解析：D句意：我在很小的时候就被收养了，在我成长的过程中，身边都是我深爱的家人。根据surrounded by people I loved as family可知，作者在成长的过程中，作者身
35、边都是作者深爱的家人。4答案与解析：A根据句意“然而，这些面貌并不像我”可知，前后句意为转折关系。5答案与解析：B句意：随着年龄的增长，想更多了解自己的好奇心占据了我的内心，而且没有停止过。根据下文Who was I? Where did I come from? 可知，作者想要了解自己的内心从未停止。6答案与解析：A句意：在我21岁的时候，多亏了养父母的支持，我才有机会找到答案。figure out查清楚，弄明白； 复合语句，故选A。7答案与解析：C根据下文 “They accompanied me to the adoption agency.”养父母他们陪作者去了收养机构。”可知，养父母
36、是对作者的想法表示支持。8答案与解析：D根据下文I didnt expect there would be many complex procedures可知，工作人员向作者解释了寻找生母的过程，作者没有想到会有很多复杂的程序。9答案与解析：B句意：但是这个过程是令人沮丧的，我没有想到会有很多复杂的程序。根据转折词But可知，前后句式转折关系，与前文作者得到支持寻找生母高兴的心情形成对比，且句子中提到有很多复杂的程序，故选B。10答案与解析：B句意：此外，为了保护双方的隐私，特别是以防在我的生母不愿与我见面的情况下，该机构在实施程序时也很谨慎。11答案与解析：C根据We were excite
37、d可知，作者的生母同意见面了，故选C。12答案与解析：D句意：我的父母说，我的生母在把我送人的过程中做出了巨大的牺牲，这才让他们能够支撑这个家庭。先行词是前面整句话，属于非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，用which, 故选D。13答案与解析：A根据常识以及“what my birth mother might be doing and what she might look like.”可知，作者想知道自己的生母是做什么的，她长什么样。故选A。14答案与解析：B作者在没有见到生母之前，作者一直在幻想生母的样子，所以脑海中会出现画面。15答案与解析：D根据She said she hesita
38、ted for long but knew she was right可知，生母犹豫了很长一段时间，也很爱作者，所以这是一个艰难的决定，故选D。.语法填空语篇类型：说明文主题语境：介绍说明威尼斯防洪工程文章大意本文主要介绍的是，为了解决“水上城市”威尼斯的洪水问题，威尼斯建立了一个新的防洪工程。1答案与解析：Located考查非谓语动词。句意为：威尼斯位于意大利的东北部，通常叫作“浮城”。句中已有谓语，locate应用非谓语形式；且locate与其逻辑主语Venice之间为被动关系，应用过去分词形式作状语，故填Located。2答案与解析：Unfortunately考查副词。句意为：不幸地是，
39、水正令威尼斯处于极大的危险中。此处作状语修饰整个句子，应用副词；且结合句意可知，此处表示“不幸地”，故填Unfortunately。3答案与解析：which考查定语从句。句意为：更多的问题是由洪水引起的，洪水通常每年冬天侵袭这座城市。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词floods，且引导词在从句中作主语，指物，故填which。4答案与解析：prevention/preventing考查词性转换。句意为：但是，多亏了一个新的防洪工程，这些洪水现在可能已成为过去。此处修饰名词project，表示“防洪工程”，应用prevent的名词形式或动名词形式，故填prevention/p
40、reventing。5答案与解析：the考查冠词。句意为：威尼斯位于泻湖的中央。雨水和强风使得海水通过天然的缝隙流入威尼斯。in the middle of.意为“在的中央”，故填the。6答案与解析：have been built考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：到目前为止，已经修建了数十个闸门来阻挡海水。根据时间状语until now可知，此处应用现在完成时；且gates与build之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态，故填have been built。7答案与解析：with考查介词。句意为：这些闸门中的每一个都有20米宽，最长的大约30米长。此处为“with宾语宾补”的独立结构，补充说明门的长度
41、，故填with。8答案与解析：to separate考查非谓语动词。句意为：如果水位大幅上升，闸门就会升高，把这座城市与大海隔开。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to separate。9答案与解析：whether/if考查宾语从句。句意为：但只有时间才能证明这个项目是否是正确的解决方案。此处为宾语从句，作tell的宾语；结合句意可知，此处应表示“是否”，故填whether/if。10答案与解析：drier考查形容词的比较级。句意为：如果它奏效了，那就意味着威尼斯会拥有更长久、更干燥的未来。此处与longer并列作定语，修饰future，应用形容词的比较级形式，故填drier。