1、Module 1 Deep South Section Introduction & Reading-Pre-readingShip tourism to Antarctica is on the rise:More than 35,000 tourists are expected to visit Antarctica this summer. In 19921993, 6,750 tourists visited Antarctica,according to the Antarctica Treaty. All of this tourism, however, is putt
2、ing both tourists and the environment ingreat danger.Among the tourist ships that visit the continent, the Explorer, a Canadian ship, was one of the first.Put to use in 1969, it was built to carry tourists to Antarctica. Last week, however, it became the first commercial (商业) passenger ship to sink
3、beneath the waters. Fortunately, all of the passengers and crew members were rescued from the ship. However, the sunken ship endangered the Antarctics fragile (脆弱的) environment. The ship was estimated to be holding 48,000 gallons of fuel.As a natural frontier, Antarctica is in a messy legal situatio
4、n. There are no obvious answers as towho is responsible for dealing with the threat that tourist may cause to human life and the environment.There is no coast guard for Antarctica. Do we want it to become Disneyland, or do we need some controls?Section_Introduction_&_Reading_Prereading原文呈现Antarctica
5、：the Last ContinentAntarctica is the coldest place on Earth. Its also the driest. With annualrainfall close to zero， Antarctica is technically a desert. Covering about 14 million square kilometres around the South Pole， it is the fifth largest continent in the world. A high mountain range, the Trans
6、Antarctic range， runs from east to west, cutting the continent in two. There are volcanoes too, but they are not very active. Antarctica holds 90% of the worlds ice, and most of its fresh water (70%) is in a frozen state， of course. 98% of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap. On averag
7、e it is two kilometres thick, but in some places it reaches adepth of five kilometres. Strong windsdriven by gravity blow from the pole to the coastline, while other winds blow round the coast. It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.读文清障Antarctica/ntktIk/n.南极洲annual/njul/adj.每年的n.年刊，年鉴
8、rainfall/reInfl/n.降水量；降雨量close to靠近，接近，几乎with复合结构作原因状语。covering about . the South Pole作状语。the fifth largest第五大TransAntarctic range横贯南极洲的山脉现在分词短语作状语。hold此处指“拥有”state/steIt/n.状态；状况“分数或百分数of名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数要与of后面的名词保持一致。permanently adv.永久地，长期地on average通常，按平均值above/below average高于/低于平均水平depth/dep/n.
9、深度过去分词短语作后置定语。gravity/rvti/n.重力，地心引力inhospitable/InhspItbl/adj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的南极洲：最后(一块被发现)的大洲第1段译文南极洲是地球上最冷的地方，同时也是最干燥的地方。南极洲年降水量几乎为零，严格来说该地区就是一片荒漠。南极洲覆盖了南极圈周围约1 400万平方千米的面积，是世界第五大洲。一条横贯南极洲的高大山脉，从东到西将南极洲分为两半。南极洲也有火山，但并不十分活跃。南极洲拥有世界90%的冰，当然其大部分淡水(70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。南极洲98%的地表永久地被冰盖覆盖。冰层平均厚度为2 000米，但某些地方厚度可以达到5
10、 000米。受地球重力影响，会有暴风从极地吹向海岸，同时也有其他方向吹来的风。很难想象比南极洲条件更为恶劣的地方了。Yet Antarctica is full of wildlife, which has adapted toits extremeconditions. There are different types of penguins, flying birds, seals, and whales. But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of contin
11、uous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there. Only two types of flowering plants are found, while there are no trees on the large continent. The rest of the plants are made up of mosses， algae and lichen. Some forms of al
12、gae have adapted to grow on ice.adapt (to)(使)适应adapt oneself to使自己适应或习惯extreme/Ikstrim/adj.极端的，极度的n.极端extremely adv.极其，极端，非常which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰wildlife。which引导定语从句，修饰winter night。means用第三人称单数形式，与as well as .前面的winter night保持数的一致，并且that引导宾语从句。flower/fla/v.开花while意为“而，然而”，作并列连词，表示对比。moss/ms/n.藓；苔藓algae
13、/ldi/n.藻类(植物)lichen/laIken/n.地衣 第2段译文但南极洲仍然栖息着许多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。这里有不同种类的企鹅、飞禽、海豹以及鲸。但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，而且气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在这里生存。仅发现了两种开花类植物，而这片大陆上没有树木生长。其他的植物也就是一些苔藓、海藻以及地衣。有些藻类已经适应了在冰上生长。Most of the ice has been there for thousands of years. As a result， it has become a w
14、indow on the past, and can give researchers lots of useful information. Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice， can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages. Antarctic rocks are also very important for research. Most of them are meteorites from o
15、uter space. One rock, known as the “Alien” rock， may contain evidence of extraterrestrial life. Since most Antarctic rocks are dark in colour， they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.as a result结果in the form of以的形式(介词短语)take the form of采取的形式(动词短语)trap/trp/v.储
16、存，留存过去分词短语trapped in the ice作后置定语。what引导的宾语从句作介词about的宾语。meteorite/mitiraIt/n.陨石outer space太空，外部空间(前面无冠词)过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰rock。contain v包含，容纳extraterrestrial/ekstrtrestril/adj.天外的，地球外的since引导原因状语从句。stand out突出，显眼，出色 第3段译文南极洲大部分的冰已经有成千上万年的历史了。因此，它已经变成了人们了解过去的窗口，可以给研究者提供大量有用的信息。这些以火山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉
17、我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。南极洲的岩石对于研究来说也很重要。它们大部分是来自太空的陨石。其中有一块叫做“外星”的岩石，或许含有地球以外生命存在的证据。南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，它们在白色冰雪的背景下格外显眼，也就易于识别和搜集。Antarctica was the last continent to be discovered. But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the
18、 land in the north. They called it AntiArktikos, or Antarctica：the opposite of Arctic. When Europeans discovered the continent of America in the 15th century， the great age of exploration began. However, progress to the South Pole was slow. Not until the late 18th century did the British explorer Ja
19、mes Cook cross the Antarctic Circle, but he never saw land. Then in 1895, a Norwegian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland. The race to the pole had begun. It was finally reached on 11th December, 1911 by the Norwegian Roald Amundsen.,to be discover
20、ed是动词不定式作后置定语，修饰the last continent。mass/ms/n.块，堆，团a mass of一块，一堆，一团；一大群masses of许多的，大量的balance/blns/v.使平衡which引导限制性定语从句，修饰land mass。When引导时间状语从句。exploration/eksplreIn/n.(对某地区的)勘查explore v勘探，探险，探索explorer n探险家，勘探员not until位于句首时，主句需部分倒装。过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Norwegian。set foot on进入，到达 第4段译文南极洲是最后一块被发现的大洲。但在两千
21、多年以前，希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。他们称之为AntiArktikos或者Antarctica，意为“与北极相反的”。在15世纪欧洲人发现了美洲以后，一个伟大的探险的时代也随之开始了。然而，到达南极洲的步伐却非常慢。直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。后来到了1895年，一个叫卡斯腾博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。奔赴南极的竞赛开始了。最终一名挪威人罗尔德阿蒙森于1911年12月11日到达南极。Today scientists from many countries travel to Antarc
22、tica to study its resources. A spirit of international friendship has replaced the rivalrythat existed between many of the earlier explorers. In 1961, a treatysigned by 12 countries， including Britain, France, and the USA, made Antarctica the worlds biggest nature reserve. The aim of the treaty is t
23、o prevent the commercial and military use of the continent. In particular， it aims to keep Antarctica free fromnucleartests and radioactive waste; to promote international scientific projects; and to end arguments about who owns the land. Today countries representing 80% of the worlds population hav
24、e signed the treaty. Antarctica has become perhaps the most successful symbol of mans efforts to work together for progress and peace.rivalry/raIvlri/n.(不断的)竞争that引导定语从句，修饰rivalry。treaty/triti/n.(国家或政府间的)条约，公约过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰treaty。prevent v防止，预防prevent sb. (from) doing sth.防止某人做某事commercial/kml/adj.商
25、业的in particular(particularly)尤其是，特别是keep free from使摆脱nuclear/njukli/adj.核的，核能的test/test/n.试验radioactive/reIdiktIv/adj.(具有)放射性的promote/prmt/v.促进，增进who owns the land是宾语从句作介词about的宾语。represent v代表，象征represent .as把描绘成现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰countries。 第5段译文当今，来自许多国家的科学家到南极洲去研究其资源。一种国际友谊已经代替了存在于许多早期探险家之间的相互竞争。1961
26、年，由包括英国、法国和美国在内的12个国家签署的一份条约，使南极洲变成了世界上最大的自然保护区。条约的目的在于防止将南极洲用于商业以及军事方面。该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。今天代表世界人口80%的国家已经签署了这份条约。南极洲或许已经成为人类为了进步与和平而共同努力的最成功的标志。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1depthAthe top or outside layer of something2adapt Bthe
27、amount of rain which falls in a particular place3explore Cto keep sth. in a particular place4trap Dto travel to or around an area or a country in order to learn about it5rainfall Eto change to suit a new situation6surface Fused to measure how deep something is16_答案：16FEDCBALeadinLook at the pictures
28、 and tell your classmates what you can see.1Lots of penguins are walking freely.2A mountain is covered by heavy snow and thick ice.3This is the fifth largest continent in the world, Antarctica.WhilereadingFastreading()What is the main idea of the passage?The passage is mainly about the_introductions
29、_to_Antarctica.()Skim the passage and match each paragraph with their main ideas.Para.1Athe discovery of AntarcticaPara.2 Bthe background and aim of the Antarctic TreatyPara.3 Cgeneral introduction of the vast landPara.4 Dplants and wildlife therePara.5 Ea great place for scientific research答案：Para.
30、1Para.5CDEABCarefulreading()Choose the best answers according to the passage.1How much of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap?A90%.B70%.C98%. D80%.2How long does the long Antarctic winter night last?A12 centuries. B15 days.C11 centuries. D182 days.3Why are the Antarctic rocks easy to s
31、ee?ABecause they are white while the background is black.BBecause they are black while the background is white.CBecause they are useful while the background is useless.DBecause they are outer while the background is inner.4Who was the first to land on the Antarctica?AJames Cook.BRoald Amundsen.CGree
32、k geographers.DCarstens Borchgrevink.5What is the aim of the treaty signed in 1961?ATo prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.BTo prevent the research in the Antarctica.CTo keep the hunters from killing the penguins.DTo avoid the war between the advanced countries.答案：15CDBDA()Compl
33、ete the following form according to the passage.HeadingMain ideaPara.1The landAntarctica is an inhospitable place because it is the 1.coldest and the driest place on Earth and is 2.permanently_covered with ice.Para.2Plants and animalsAs a result of its 3.extreme conditions only few types of plants c
34、an survive there, but it is full of 4.wildlife.Para.3A great place for researchersAntarctic ice and 5.rocks can give researchers lots of useful information.Para.4The discovery of AntarcticaAntarctica was the 6.last continent to be discovered and Carstens Borchgrevink was the first man to set 7.foot
35、on the Antarctic mainland.Para.5The Antarctic TreatyThe aim of the treaty signed by 12 countries is to 8.protect Antarctica and Antarctica has become perhaps the most 9.successful_symbol of mans efforts to work together for 10.progress_and_peace.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences
36、in the passage.1But the long Antarctic winter night, which lasts for 182 days (the longest period of continuous darkness on earth), as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall, means that few types of plants can survive there.句式分析尝试翻译但是南极洲冬天的夜晚长达182天(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，而且气候极度寒冷，降水量极少，这意味着很少有植物能在这里
37、生存。2Gases and minerals, in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice, can tell us a lot about what the worlds climate was like in past ages.句式分析本句为复合句，in the form . the ice为介词短语作定语，修饰主语gases and minerals，其中trapped in the ice为过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰volcanic dust, what the . in past ages作介词about的宾语。尝试翻译这些以火
38、山灰的形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。3But more than two thousand years ago Greek geographers believed that there was a large land mass in the south which balanced the land in the north.句式分析尝试翻译但是两千多年以前，古希腊的地理学家就相信地球南边会存在一大块陆地与北边的陆地保持平衡。.阅读理解A Weve colonised most of the world, but one vast stretch
39、 of the planet remains beyond our grasp: Antarctica. This frozen continent at the end of the earth has never been permanently occupied by man. Even if youre traveling there on a cruise ship, as most people do, the solitude (孤独) and the emptiness will envelop you. Not that solitude is the first thing
40、 that comes to mind when youre standing in the middle of a penguin colony on an Antarctic shoreline. When I visited in early February, there were thousands of birds packed tightly on every rock, both shy gentoo penguins and the bolder adlie penguins. They seemed happy to see us wandering among them;
41、 our cameras clicked crazily at the grey fluffball chicks who are tapping their parents beaks (鸟嘴) to be fed. But penguins are by no means the only stars of the show here. I found it equally exciting to see a wandering albatross (信天翁) circling above our ship, dipping its great wings into the rolling
42、 waters of the Drake Passage. Or fat elephant seals rest on the beach in a soup of algae (海藻), shouting at each other like elderly members of a gentlemens club. Most exciting of all, though, were the whales. As the call went up from the bridge of our ship “Humpbacks！” we spotted three of them leapin
43、g from the water, their magnificent tails emerging and dipping as if in slow motion, so close that we could see their great heads, their eyes and blowholes. Just as vast and attractive are the icebergs. The glassy world of the Weddell Sea is a fantastic picture of icy skyscrapers stretching to the h
44、orizon. Some are whipped by wind and water into fantastical shapes oriental (东方的) palaces, ruined fortresses, an Art Deco cinema. All of the above is exactly what makes a voyage here so extraordinary. A journey to Antarctica is a travel experience as special as you can have.语篇解读：作者描述了自己到南极去的一次旅行经历，在
45、作者的笔下一切都充满了生机和活力。1We can infer from Paragraph 2 that penguins _.Aare mostly shyBare not afraid of humansCdislike the presence of humans Dhide their chicks from humans解析：选B推理判断题。根据第二段第三句中“They seemed happy to see us wandering among them”可知，企鹅似乎对人类在周围徘徊感到高兴，说明它们一点也不惧怕人类。2What is the most exciting in A
46、ntarctica according to the author? APenguins.BThe whales. CThe icebergs. DElephant seals.解析：选B细节理解题。从文章第四段第一句“Most exciting of all, though, were the whales.”可知，作者认为最令人激动的是见到鲸。3Which of the following is TRUE about the icebergs?AThey lack attraction.BThey look cold and lifeless.CThey are huge and frig
47、htening.DThey are beautiful and in different shapes.解析：选D细节理解题。从文章第五段可知，冰山形态各异、闪闪发光，它们在作者的笔下也显得生动而美丽。4Where does the passage probably come from?AAn ad. BA news story.CA travel journal. DA research paper.解析：选C文章出处题。综合全文，特别是文章最后一段“A journey to Antarctica is a travel experience as special as you can ha
48、ve.”可知，本文节选自游记。BAntarctic seabirds are breeding (繁殖) later, because thinner sea ice is causing their food supplies to decline, a new study says.The birds, which nest in East Antarctica, have delayed their spring arrival by an average of nine days and egglaying by an average of two days over the past
49、 50 years, according to polar researchers from the French National Center for Scientific Research in Villiers en Bois, France. Study authors Christophe Barbrand and Henri Weimerskirch attribute this later breeding activity to decrease in sea ice caused by climate change.The researchers say the disap
50、pearing sea ice, combined with a longer seaice season, has interfered with the birds breeding cycle by reducing the amount of krill (磷虾) and other prey (猎物) available in early spring in Antarctica.Because Antarcticas seasons are opposite those in the Northern Hemisphere, spring on the icy continent
51、begins in October.The study is based on data collected at seabird colonies between 1950 and 2004 in Adlie Land, on the eastern edge of the frozen continent.The findings were published in the journal ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.Of the nine species studied, some arrived up to 30 days lat
52、er than they had in previous years.Despite much later arrivals, the birds are laying their eggs at pretty much the same time as they had in the past.In the most extreme cases, birds were laying their eggs an average of 3.7 days later in the season than they were 50 years ago.5. What is the passage m
53、ainly about?ASeabirds are breeding later in East Antarctica.BThe amount of krill in the ocean has decreased.CThe weather in Antarctica has changed.DThe spring in Antarctica is beginning later.解析：选A主旨大意题。纵观全文，文章主要介绍的是现在生活在南极洲东部的海鸟的繁殖期由于气候变化而延后。6In which of the following months is it autumn in Antarct
54、ica?AOctober. BSeptember.CNovember. DJune.解析：选D推理判断题。根据文章第二段第二句可推知南极6月应是秋天。7How many kinds of seabirds were studied by the researchers?ATwo. BFive.CNine. DThirty.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第五段可推知研究了九种鸟。8What does the underlined word “attribute”in Para.1 mean?AContribute. BCause.COwe. DDevote.解析：选C词义猜测题。研究者认为这种推
55、迟的生育行为是由于气候变化海冰减少而引起的。attribute . to .“认为由引起或产生”，C项与之相符。CWhen Luca first heard of the Island of Inventions, he was still very young. But its wonders sounded so incredible that they were forever burned in his memory. From that moment, he never stopped searching for clues which might lead him to the i
56、sland. He read hundreds of adventure books, histories, volumes of physics and chemistry, even music.Over time, he pieced together his idea of what the Island of Inventions was like. It was a secret place, where all the great wise men in the world would meet to learn and invent together. Access to th
57、e island was totally restricted. To join, you had to have created some great inventions for humanity. Only then could you receive the special invitation which came with directions to the island.So Luca spent his youth studying and inventing. He made every new idea he got into to invention, and if th
58、ere were something he didnt understand, hed seek others to help him. Soon he met other young inventors and he told them about the Island of Inventions. They also dreamed of receiving an invitation letter one day.As years passed, the disappointment of not receiving their invitations made Luca and his
59、 friends work harder. They would meet in Lucas house, share their ideas and build new machines. Their inventions became known throughout the world, and improved the lives of millions.But still, no invitation came.They didnt lose heart. They continued learning and inventing every day, trying to come
60、up with more and better ideas. Fresh young talents joined their group, as more inventors dreamed of getting to the island.One day many years later, Luca, already very old, was speaking with a brilliant young man named Roberts, whom a letter had been written to, asking him to join the group. Luca sta
61、rted telling the man the wonderful Island of Inventions, and how he was sure that some day they would receive an invitation. Surprised, the young inventor interrupted：“You mean this place isnt the Island of Inventions? Isnt the letter you sent me the real invitation？”It was only then that Luca reali
62、zed that his dream had become true in his very own house. No island could exist which would be better than where he was now. No place of invention would be better than what he and his friends had created. Luca felt happy to know that he had always been on the island, and that his life of invention a
63、nd study had been a truly happy one.语篇解读：Luca很小的时候就听说了发明岛，且一直铭记于心。因此，他一直努力寻找去该岛的线索，且一直盼望着收到来自发明岛的邀请。与此同时，他和其他年轻的发明家们共同努力，一同寻梦，他们的发明闻名世界。突然有一天，一位年轻的发明家一语道破天机。9Lucas picture of the Island of Inventions was mainly based on _.Ascientific researchBhis imaginationCreports of others Dhistory books解析：选B细节理解
64、题。根据第二段的第一句“Over time, he pieced together his idea of what the Island of Inventions was like.”可知他主要根据自己的想象画出了发明岛的图画，故选B。10Why did Luca and his friends probably never receive an invitation to the island?ATheir ideas were not considered worthy enough.BThey were too concerned with acquiring fame.CThe o
65、rganization had already broken up.DThe island was not a real place.解析：选D推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“You mean this place isnt the Island of Inventions？”及最后一段的第二句“No island could exist which would be better than where he was now.”可推知那个岛根本就不存在，故选D。11What was Roberts reaction to Lucas story of the island?AHe thought
66、 he had already arrived at the island.BHe was disappointed to discover it didnt exist.CHe was excited about receiving an invitation.DHe expressed surprise that Luca believed in such fairy tales.解析：选A细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“You mean this place isnt the Island of Inventions? Isnt the letter you sent me the real
67、 invitation？”可知他认为他来到了真正的发明岛，故选A。12Which of the following best describes Luca?AAggressive. BTrusting.CCreative. DEasygoing.解析：选C细节理解题。aggressive“好斗的”；trusting“轻信的”；creative“创造性的”；easygoing“随和的”。根据短文的内容可知Luca根据自己的想象画出了发明岛的图画，并且创造了许多发明，故选C。.阅读七选五Easy Ways to Change Your Life and Be Happy We all want t
68、o achieve happiness. _1_ Yes, many things including money, a good home, great food, children, good education, etc. are important parts of life, but we cannot always control all of them. However, there are a few simple things that are in our control, can change our life and make us happy.Accept the f
69、acts as they are. Do not get frustrated trying to change things that are not to your liking. _2_ You can find a way to improve on them but there is no point in stressing on what you cannot control. The way you choose to react can either make you and people around you happy or make them miserable.Foc
70、us on what you have and not on what you dont have. We tend to think of things that we dont have and forget to enjoy what we have. For example, you may want a bigger house with separate rooms for each kid. But if you take a look back at your current house, you already own most of the things that you
71、really need and can bring happiness to you. _3_ So cherish them.Enjoy every moment. _4_ Journey is always more enjoyable than the destination. Our life is a journey. Even though we want to achieve a lot of things and have set too many goals for ourselves, we should still have fun reaching those goal
72、s._5_ It may be as simple as a cold drink of water after a workout. If you can be happy with very small things like seeing the sun in the morning, you are sure to be happy for most of the days.ATake chances.BThey are your friends and family.CFacts are facts and you cannot wish them away.DYou do not have to achieve something to feel the joy.EHave a desire for small things that are going to happen.FSo we spend our lives trying to get material things to make us happy.GYou can learn something valuable as long as you try your best to reach your goal.答案：15FCBDE
