1、高考题型重组练(九).阅读理解 A2020潍坊、淄博、东营市高三第一学期期末考试The sound that woke Damian Languell at 8：15 in the morning was so loud he assumed it came from inside his house in Wade, Maine. As he got up to investigate, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window
2、, he noticed a tree enveloped in smoke about 500 yards away. A car wrapped around the trees base, its engine on fire.Grabbing buckets of water, he and his wife ran to the crash site. Up close, the accident looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the drivers seat ought t
3、o have been, as if planted there. No one should have survived this crash, and yet there was 20yearold Quintin Thompson, his terrified face pressed against the drivers side window, in visible pain.Languell tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water but failed. When the flames got into the f
4、ront seats, he knew he had to get the young man out. So Languell opened the cars back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife hed brought with him, he cut through Thompsons seat belt. Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames
5、.It is empathy that drove Languell to help, just as he said, “My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly.” For his heroic action, Languell was added to the list of reallife heroes changing the world.1Where was the first sound actually from?A
6、A house on fire. BA car crash.CThe bedroom window. DThe basement.2What do we know about Quintin Thompson?AHe saved his car from fire.BHe was successfully rescued.CHe remained calm all the time.DHe was capable of helping himself out.3Which of the following best explains “empathy” underlined in the la
7、st paragraph?AHonesty. BWisdom.CSympathy. DResponsibility.4Which words can best describe Damian Languell?ADaring and generous. BCaring and grateful.CCourageous and noble. DAmbitious and reliable.B2020成都市毕业班第二次诊断检测African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) bear the unfortunate nickname “jackass penguins”
8、 because they communicate through honking, donkeylike sounds. Laugh at them if you like, but a new study suggests that their jackass language actually follows the same basic rules as ours.In the study published in the journal Biology Letters, researchers recorded nearly 600 vocalizations (发声) from 2
9、8 adult male penguins living in Italian zoos. Males tend to vocalize a lot during the mating period, which is why the researchers turned to this population. The scientists knew from previous research that African penguins honk using three distinct types of sounds, similar to human syllables (音节), wh
10、en greeting one another, mating, or defending territory. But the researchers wanted to know whether those “syllables” followed two common linguistic (语言学的) rules.One of those rules, called Zipfs law in short, was proposed in 1945 by the linguist George Kingsley Zipf. The law states that the more fre
11、quently a word is used in any language, the shorter it tends to be (think of words like “the”， “to” and “of” in English). Previous studies have analyzed more than 1,000 world languages for evidence of Zipfs law, and the rule holds up in all of them.The other rule, known as the MenzerathAltmann law,
12、says that the longer a word or phrase is, the shorter its component syllables are, while shorter words are more likely to have longer syllables. The word “onomatopoeia”， for example, is made of six very short syllables, while “couch” is made of one longer one. Previous studies have shown that nonhum
13、an primates follow both these rules when they communicate with each other, but what about jackass penguins?The researchers of the new study found that the songs of the male jackass penguin conform to both Zipfs and MenzerathAltmanns laws: The shortest calls tended to be the most common, and the long
14、est phrases were made up of the shortest syllables. This study provided the first nonprimate evidence that these common linguistic patterns extend into the animal kingdom, the authors wrote, and thats nothing to hem and haw at.5Why did the researchers choose adult male jackass penguins?AThey can voc
15、alize different kinds of sounds.BThey are more accessible than other penguins.CThey communicate with each other through honking.DThey make sounds frequently during the mating period.6What does the author try to express by mentioning the words “the”， “to” and “of” in English?AGeorge Kingsley Zipfs id
16、ea is reasonable.BThese words are extremely simple.CPrevious studies are very meaningful.DEnglish is quite similar to other languages.7Which of the following fully explains what the MenzerathAltmann law means?AEgg and food.BContradictory and shout.CLearn and earn.DDiscrimination and prescription.8Wh
17、at conclusion has the new study made?AMany languages follow the same linguistic rules.BJackass penguins communicate with each other by honking.CJackass penguins language and the human language share the basic linguistic rules.DZipfs law and MenzerathAltmann law are commonly applied rules.完形填空2020山东省
18、潍坊市高三期末One day about ten years ago, my friends and I were walking in the Giant Mountains, Czech Republic, when it suddenly rained heavily. We found _1_ under the roof of some ski lifts (上山吊椅) and prepared for the night. The kindhearted elderly man who worked there, in a _2_ of languages, gestures an
19、d drawing pictures, _3_ that, we could stay at his home that night.Being penniless students, we eagerly took up on his _4_ naturally, for we saw he was a _5_ person. His wife _6_ us to a big meal. The couple was quite lovely and we had a great evening, though _7_ was a bit difficult. That night we s
20、lept well in a clean room.The next day, our host _8_ his long cape (斗篷) and stuff that was part of his clothes as “Guardian of the Mountains”. The children there called him that or “Krkonos”， _9_ he looked like the giant in the local _10_ with large figure and long flowing white hair and beard. _11_
21、， he was quite a _12_ in his village because of that. He drove us through the mountains, _13_ at nice locations where we could take some photos.We _14_ him and his wife again last month and Krkonos hadnt changed a bit! There is _15_ in the mountain.1A. shade Bshelter Centrance Devidence2A. descripti
22、on Bstrategy Cthought Dmixture3A. requested Breminded Csignaled Dstated4A. answer Bcomment Cpromise Doffer5A. stubborn Bdecent Csenior Dhumorous6A. treated Bencouraged Cadmitted Dgreeted7A. cooperation Baccommodation Ccommunication Dconnection8A. set aside Bthrew away Ctook off Dput on9A. though Bas
23、 Cunless Dif10A. tale Bsaying Creport Dsurvey11A. Completely BGenerally CApparently DExtremely12A. celebrity Bpioneer Csponsor Dleader13A. hiding Bstopping Clooking Djumping14A. visited Bpaid Cdisturbed Dpraised15A. adventure Bsecret Cmagic Dfreedom.语法填空Lantern Festival marked the final day of the C
24、hinese Lunar New Year. It has been an important festival 1._ the Western Han Dynasty. In ancient China, often marriage 2._ (decide) by parents or even the government. During some periods marriage policies went to extremes. However, extreme policies to force people to get married were rare, and young
25、 people still had certain 3._ (free) to get married with people they liked, rather than being 4._ (complete) manipulated by their parents or government. Ancient Chinese had milder ways to encourage people to find a spouse, such as fairs and meetings during festivals.Lantern Festival is one of the fe
26、stivals that provided ancient Chinese single young men and women a chance 5._ (meet) and get to know each other. On the night of that day, 6._ (marry) men and women would meet at the flower fair and lanterndecorated street. Romance often happened, 7._ not all of these stories ended happily. Ouyang X
27、iu described a womans longing for the man she met during Lantern Festival in his poem Yuan Xi. It 8._ (go) like this: “Last lantern festival, the flower fair 9._ (decorate) with lights was daylight bright. We met after dusk when the moon rose behind willow trees. This year the moon and lanterns are
28、still 10._ same, yet you are not here anymore. I am sad, with tears shed on the sleeves of my spring coat.”高考题型重组练(九).阅读理解A语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：人与社会帮助他人从着火的汽车里救人的故事文章大意文章讲述了Damian Languell不顾自己的安危从着火的汽车里救出Quintin Thompson的故事。1答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据“A car wrapped around the trees base, its engine on fire.(第一段最后一句)一
29、辆汽车卡在树的下面，它的引擎着火了。”和“Grabbing buckets of water，he and his wife ran to the crash site.(第二段第一句)他和妻子提起几桶水，跑向撞车地点。”根据关键句可推知，第一个声音来自汽车撞击。故选B。2答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.(第三段最后一句)可知，现在Thompson自由了，Langue
30、ll把他拉出来，在整辆车起火之前把他拖到安全的地方。该题问的是我们对Quintin Thompson有什么了解。根据关键句可知，他成功获救了。故选B。3答案与解析：C考查词义猜测。该题问的是以下哪一项可以最好地解释画线词“empathy”。根据最后一段第一句中的“My heart goes out to Thompson”和第二句中的“you feel it so directly”可知，Languell很同情Thompson，这使他伸出了援手。empathy意为“同情”。故选C。4答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据第三段第二至四句“When the flames got into the fr
31、ont seats, he knew he had to get the young man out. So Languell opened the cars back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife hed brought with him, he cut through Thompsons seat belt.(当火势蔓延到前排座位时，他知道他必须把年轻人救出来。于是Languell打开汽车后门，爬了进去。他用随身带的小刀割开了Thompson的安全带。)”和最后一段最后一句中的“his heroic action”可推知，Damian
32、Languell是一位勇敢的、高尚的人。故选C。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会研究发现非洲企鹅的语言规则文章大意非洲企鹅有“公驴企鹅”的绰号，因为它们通过发出像驴一样的叫声进行交流，但一项新的研究表明，非洲企鹅的语言和人类语言遵循相同的基本语言学规则。5答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Males tend to vocalize a lot during the mating period，which is why the researchers turned to this population”可知，研究人员之所以选择雄性非洲企鹅是因为它们在交配期频繁发出声音，故选D。6
33、答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“the rule holds up in all of them”可推知，作者列举在英语中使用的三个单词是为了说明齐夫定律是合理的，故选A。hold up意为“支撑得住”。7答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“MenzerathAltmann law, says that the longer a word or phrase is, the shorter its component syllables are, while shorter words are more likely to have longer syllable
34、s”可知，MenzerathAltmann定律表明一个单词或短语越长，它的组成音节越短，而较短的单词更可能有较长的音节；contradictory单词长，是一个多音节词，但音节较短，shout单词短，但却是一个长音节词，这两个词能完全阐释MenzerathAltmann定律，故选B。8答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“This study provided the first nonprimate evidence that these common linguistic patterns extend into the animal kingdom”和第一段最后一句可知，新的研究
35、的结论是非洲企鹅的语言和人类语言遵循相同的基本语言学规则，故选C。.完形填空语篇类型：记叙文主题语境：个人经历山中的奇人文章大意本文主要讲述的是，作者回想起自己十年前与伙伴们一起在山中旅游时遭遇大雨，得到了一位老人的帮助。十年后他再次拜访这位老人，发现这位老人没有任何变化，作者十分惊叹，称赞山中存在魔法。1答案与解析：B语境推断。根据空前一句可知，作者和朋友在山中旅行时突然下起大雨；结合空后的under the roof of some ski lifts可知，此处应指作者和朋友们找到了避雨的场所。shelter意为“躲避风雨的地方；避难处”，符合语境。shade意为“阴凉处，背阴处”；ent
36、rance意为“入口”；evidence意为“证据”。2答案与解析：D语境推断。根据空后的“of languages, gestures and drawing pictures”可知，此处应指这位老人混用多种方式向“我们”表达他的意思。mixture意为“混合”，符合语境。description意为“描述”；strategy意为“战略，策略”；thought意为“思想”。3答案与解析：C语境推断。结合语境和选项可知，此处应指老人通过沟通向“我们”表明，“我们”可以去他家过夜。signal意为“表明；表示”，符合语境。request意为“要求，请求”；remind意为“提醒”；state意为“
37、陈述”。4答案与解析：D逻辑推断。上段讲到老人主动请“我们”去他家留宿，结合空前所述，“我们”是一贫如洗的学生可知，“我们”自然接受了他的提议。offer意为“提议”，符合语境。answer意为“回答”；comment意为“评论”；promise意为“诺言”。5答案与解析：B逻辑推断。根据下文的he looked like the giant可知，此处应表示，因为“我们”看出他是一个正派的人。decent意为“正派的，像样的”，符合语境。stubborn意为“顽固的；倔强的”；senior意为“高级的”；humorous意为“幽默的”。6答案与解析：A语境推断。根据空后的a big meal可
38、知，此处指他妻子请“我们”吃了一顿大餐。treat意为“招待，请客”，符合语境。encourage意为“鼓励”；admit意为“承认”；greet意为“问候”。7答案与解析：C语境推断。根据上文所讲述的这位老人的表达方式可知，此处应指，虽然“我们”和这对夫妇的沟通有些困难，但“我们”那晚相处得很愉快。communication意为“沟通”，符合语境。cooperation意为“合作”；accommodation意为“住处”；connection意为“联系”。8答案与解析：D语境推断。根据空后的cape and stuff that was part of his clothes可知，此处应指这
39、位老人穿上他的长斗篷。put on意为“穿上”，符合语境。set aside意为“留出，把放到一边”；throw away意为“扔掉”；take off意为“脱下”。9答案与解析：B逻辑推断。根据语境可知，孩子们给他起这样的称呼是由于他看起来像当地传说中的巨人：高大的身材，白发飘逸，留着雪白的长须。as意为“由于”，符合语境。10答案与解析：A语境推断。根据空后对这位老人的外形的描述可知，此处应表示，他像传说中的巨人。tale意为“传说”，符合语境。saying意为“谚语”；report意为“报告”；survey意为“调查”。故选A项。11答案与解析：C语境推断。根据上文所描述的老人的外形和下
40、文的内容可知，此处应指，显然他在他的村庄里是个名人。apparently意为“显然”，符合语境。 completely意为“完全地”；generally意为“通常”；extremely意为“极其”。12答案与解析：A语境推断。结合语境和选项可推知，此处应表示，他在他们的村庄里是个名人。celebrity意为“名人”，符合语境。pioneer意为“先锋”；sponsor意为“赞助者”；leader意为“领导者”。13答案与解析：B语境推断。根据空后的where we could take some photos可知，此处指他开车拉“我们”在山里转转，在一些能拍照的地方停下。故stopping符合
41、语境。hide意为“隐藏”。14答案与解析：A语境推断。根据空后的Krkonos hadnt changed a bit可知，此处应表示，上个月“我们”去看望他，发现他没有任何变化。故visited符合语境。pay意为“付款”；disturb意为“打扰，扰乱”；praise意为“赞扬”。15答案与解析：C语境推断。结合上文描述的老人十年以来未发生变化可知，作者认为山中有魔法。magic意为“魔法”，符合语境。adventure意为“历险”；secret意为“秘密”；freedom意为“自由”。.语法填空文章大意本文是一篇说明文，介绍中国传统节日“元宵节”的由来及其节日寓意。1答案与解析：sin
42、ce考查介词。句意：自西汉以来，它一直是一个重要的节日。根据前面的has been(现在完成时)可以判断后面填since(自从至今)。2答案与解析：was decided考查动词的时态及语态。句意：在中国古代，婚姻往往是由父母甚至政府决定的。根据时间状语In ancient China确定时态采用一般过去时，又因为主语marriage与decide之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词采用一般过去式的被动语态。3答案与解析：freedom(s)考查名词。句意：年轻人仍然有一定的自由和他们喜欢的人结婚。根据前面的certain(形容词)判断该空应填名词。4答案与解析：completely考查副词。句意：年
43、轻人仍然有一定的自由和他们喜欢的人结婚，而不是完全被父母或政府操纵。分析句子结构，此处应该需要一个副词以修饰动词manipulated。5答案与解析：to meet考查不定式。句意：有些节日给中国古代单身男女提供了互相认识的机会，元宵节就是其中之一。chance(n. 机会)后常跟不定式作后置定语，即have chance to do sth.(有机会做某事)。6答案与解析：unmarried考查形容词。句意：当天晚上，未婚男女会在花市和挂满灯笼的大街上见面。因为上句提到了单身男女，根据语境该空就是指代上文的内容，即未婚男女。7答案与解析：although/but考查连词。句意：浪漫故事经常发
44、生，但并不是所有的故事都以幸福结尾。分析该空上下句关系，可以看出下一句为上一句的转折，应填入一个表示转折的连词。8答案与解析：goes考查时态。句意：词句这样写道。句式It goes like this(这样说道；是样子的)描述的是一种客观现象，常常用来表述一种不太确切的事情，应采用一般现在时。9答案与解析：decorated考查过去分词。句意：去年元夜时，花市灯如昼。分析主句成分，其结构齐全，其中decorate与the flower fair之间的关系为被动，故填写decorate的过去分词decorated作后置定语以修饰前面的the flower fair。10答案与解析：the考查冠词。句意：今年元夜时，月与灯依旧。same在表述“同样的”时候，前必须加定冠词the，即the same(一样的，同样的)。