1、考点08 动词和动词短语 动词和动词短语，历年高考试题中动词所占的比例最大，主要测试考生在具体语境中对动词(短语)意义的理解和运用。主要考查词义辨析、动词的用法和搭配、一词多义以及在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。要特别注意一些最常用的词汇如get, make, have, take以及与它们构成的动词短语等。1.动词词义辨析。包括常见动词用法辨析、近义词辨析、词形相近词辨析和用法相近词辨析。2.高频动词短语意义辨析。主要考点:考查主要集中于高频的动词短语,如break, bring, call, come, get, go, make, take, turn, put, pick, hold,k
2、eep, look, carry, set, cut, show, pull等构成的短语。 动词辨析动词辨析主要考察点在以下几个方面：考查动词词义辨析、考查近义动词辨析、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配、考查同根动词短语的辨析，解答这些题时，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等，然后根据题意需要确定答案。【典例】1. Recently, these companies have _ some workers because of the drop in economy.A. hired B. dismissedC. refused D. emplo
3、yed【解析】四个选项都是及物动词，且都可以与worker构成动宾关系，但从题干中的the drop in ?economy可知，只有B项符合题意。2. When his brother was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _。A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed【解析】 这四个动词都有“伤害，损害”之意，但具体用法不同。injure指在意外事故中“受伤”;damage主要指对于物体的不彻底的破坏，这种破坏或因自然灾害所致，或因人为造成，常含可以修复
4、之意;harm用于肉体或精神上的伤害，有时可指引起不安或不便;destroy表示毁坏十分彻底，常含无法修复再用之意。从题意来看，答案为A。3. With modern equipment, many mysteries have _ to light in recent years.A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared【解析】 题意为“由于有现代化的设备，近年来许多谜团被揭开”。“揭露，将曝光”是come to light，故答案为B。4Last December China _ 100 Chinese and 10 foreigners for th
5、eir outstanding contributions to the countrys reform and openingup.Adistinguished BsponsoredCacknowledged Devaluated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：去年12月，中国对100名中国人和10名外国人为中国改革开放做出的杰出贡献表示感谢。acknowledge“感谢”，符合语境。distinguish“区分，辨别”；sponsor“赞助”；evaluate“评估，评价”。5The Change 4 lunar probes landing on the moons far sid
6、e on Jan.3, 2019 _ a new chapter in mankinds exploration of the moon.ApredictsBmarksCapproves Dshapes【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：嫦娥四号月球探测器于2019年1月3日登陆月球背面，标志着人类探索月球的新篇章。mark“是的迹象，成为的征兆，表明”，符合语境。predict“预测”；approve“批准，认可”；shape“塑造，决定的形成”。 高频动词短语意义辨析1. breakbreak away from 脱离，背叛 break up 结束；散开，解散 break down 出故
7、障，坏掉，垮掉，使分解break into 闯入，破门而入 break (sth.) off (使某物)折断，中断break out (战争、火灾)突然发生，爆发break in 打断，打扰；强行进入 break through 突破，战胜2. bring bring about导致,造成,引起 bring down使倒下,使降低 bring in引进;带来;赚得;收获 bring forward提出;提前 bring out出版;生产;使显现bring up抚养,教育;提出;呕吐3. call call for 需要 call in 请来，召集 call off 取消 call on/upo
8、n 号召 call out 大声呼喊，叫喊 call up 给打电话，使想起4. come come about发生 come to苏醒;总计 come across 偶遇;无意中发现come true实现,成为现实(不及物) come out 出版;结果是 come up (建议、计划等)被提出come up with 提出(建议、计划等) come on (催促)快点; (鼓励)加油; (不耐烦)得了,算了吧!5. getget away from 逃脱，逃离 get close to 接近 get down on ones knees 跪下 get down to (doing) sth
9、. 开始(做)某事 get it 理解，懂得 get through 接通(电话)，完成，通过 get.across to sb. 使得被某人理解 get/be stuck 陷进去，被困住 get along (with) (与某人)和睦相处，进步 get on 进展，获得成功6. give give away 赠送;泄露;分发 give back 归还 give in 屈服;让步;投降;认输 give out分发;发出;公布;用尽 give up 放弃7. go go against 违背;不利于;反对 go ahead 开始(做某事); (表同意) go around 参观; (消息)传播
10、go by 过去;经过 go down 下降;下沉 go on 继续;发生;进行 go over 复习,仔细检查 go through穿过;经历;仔细检查 go with 与相配 go without没有也行8. hold hold back 犹豫;隐瞒;阻止 hold on=hang on别挂断;等一会儿;坚持 hold out 坚持;伸出 hold up举起;阻挡,使耽搁 hold on to紧紧抓住;保留;不放弃9. keepKeep away from远离;避开 keep back留下;隐瞒;克制(感情) keep on继续;坚持下去 keep out of 置身于外;避开 keep
11、up 保持;继续;不低落keep up with跟上; keep an eye out for密切注意;留心;警惕 keep an eye on照看;密切注视10. leave leave alone不打扰;不理,不管 leave behind 留下;丢下,丢弃 leave out 遗漏,忽略11. look look ahead 向前看，展望未来 look back on 回顾，回忆 look around 环顾四周 look up 查找，查阅look into 往里面看；调查，研究 look (right) into sb.s eyes 直视 look out for 警惕，留心 look
12、 down on/upon 瞧不起，轻视 look through 看透，仔细查看 look up to 敬仰，尊重 look on 旁观12. makemake out 理解，弄清楚 make up 化妆，和解，编造，组成 make up for 弥补，补偿 make a commitment 承诺，保证 make a contribution to 为做出贡献 make a fool of sb.fool sb. 愚弄某人 make a/no difference (没)有关系/影响 make it (事业上)获得成功 make comments on/upon (对)发表评论 make
13、(both) ends meet 使收支相抵 make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 make sense of 弄懂的意思13. put put aside撇开;暂不考虑;储蓄 put away 收拾,整理;储存 put back把放回原处;推迟 put forward 提出;拨快 put down 记下,写下,镇压put out伸出;扑灭;生产;出版 put up建造,张贴;提供住宿 put up with 忍受;容忍 put on穿上,增加,上演14. set set aside划出;留出;拨出 set about doing sth.着手做某事 set out 出发,动身 set
14、 out to do sth.着手做某事 set off动身;引起;使爆炸 set up建立,创立15. turn turn away走开;转过脸去turn down拒绝;关小,调低 turn up 开大;出现,到场 turn out 结果是,证明是;生产 turn over翻转;翻阅,仔细考虑turn against反对;背叛 turn to转向;求助于16. taketake after 与相像 take in 吸收，理解，上当 take for. 当作，误以为是 take on 呈现 take up 开始做，占用(时间或空间) take off 起飞，脱下，突然大受欢迎 take ove
15、r 接管，占上风 take to 开始喜欢，养成的习惯 take.by surprise 对突然袭击 take.for example 以为例 take responsibility for对负起责任 take turns to do sth./in doing sth. 轮流做某事 take.into consideration 顾及，考虑到 take pride in 对感到自豪 take back收回,撤销 take down记下;拆卸;取下take away带走,拿走,剥夺 take up 从事;占据(时间、空间);着手处理;接着做 take in吸收;接受;理解,欺骗 take of
16、f 起飞;脱下;成功, take on 呈现;具有;承担;雇用 take over 接管,接收 take advantage of 利用 Take it easy 放松,别紧张 take your time 慢慢来,别着急 take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事take action采取行动【典例】1. (2018江苏Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _(calls for/calls on/calls off/calls up) a clear road m
17、ap and timetable.【答案】calls for【解析】句意：发展长江经济带是一项系统工程，需要一个清晰的路线图和时间表。call for意为“需要”，符合语境。call on 拜访，号召；call off取消；call up给打电话，使回忆起。2. (2018天津)At first Robert wouldnt let his daughter go diving, but eventually he _(gave in/dressed up/broke in/turned up) as she was so confident about her skills.【答案】gave
18、 in【解析】句意：起初，罗伯特不让他的女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对自己的技术很自信。give in意为“屈服，让步”，符合语境。dress up打扮，装饰；break in破门而入，打断；turn up出现，调高(音量等)。3. Working with the medical team in Africa has _(held out/brought out/picked out/given out) the best in her as a doctor. 【答案】brought out【解析】句意：在非洲与医疗队的合作使她作为一名医生的最佳素质彰显了出来。bring out意为
19、“使显现，使表现出”，符合句意。hold out伸出手(或胳膊)，维持，坚持；pick out挑选出，辨认出；give out分发。4. Parents should actively urge their children to _(gain admission to/keep track of/ take advantage of /give rise to) the opportunity to join sports teams.【答案】take advantage of【解析】句意：父母应该积极要求他们的孩子利用加入运动队的机会。take advantage of意为“利用”，符合语
20、境。gain admission to获准的许可；keep track of记录，与保持联系；give rise to引起，导致。 动词的一词多义很多动词在不同的语境中有不同的意义，因此要进行专门复习，常见的有：1. act (v. & n.行动)e.g. It will takeseveral hours before the drug really acts. ( vi.起作用)2. address (n.地址；vt.写地址)e.g. President Obama wasscheduled to address the American people on the evening of
21、May 7. (vt.向做演说)3. appreciate (vt.欣赏，感激，感谢)e.g. They soonappreciated that it must be a well-designed trap. (v.意识到)4. attend (vt.参加，出席)e.g. With severalpatients to attend that night, the nurse felt very tired. (vt.照料，照顾)With three kidsattending high school in the town, the couple had to work day and
22、night to earnmore money. (vt.上学)5. count (n. & v.计数，数)e.g. It is not what youare thinking but what you are doing that counts. (v.重要，有价值)6. escape (vi.逃跑，逃脱)e.g. I saw a familiarface in the crowd. However, his name escaped me for the moment. (vt.被忘掉)The harmful gases areescaping from the pipe. (vi.泄漏
23、，漏出)7. fail (vi.失败)e.g. Fresh vegetablesused to fail in winter. (vi.不足，缺乏)With time passing by,his memory is failing. (vi.衰退)Try as the family might,they failed to find the lost child in the town. (vi.未能)8. introduce (vt.介绍)e.g. When tomatoes werefirst introduced into Europe, they didntaccept them a
24、t all. (vt.引入)9. make (vt.制造)e.g. New laws have beenmade to protect the interests of the farmers. (vt.制定)He is making his owntrouble by doing this. (vt.引起，导致，造成)She will make a greatteacher. (vt.成为，使形成)10. observe (vt.观察)e.g. Having lived abroadfor many years, he still observed the old traditions and customs. (vt.遵守)Every year, we willobserve the traditional Spring Festival in different ways. (vt.庆祝)11. work (v. & n.工作)e.g. The medicine willsoon work. (vi.起作用)The machine works verywell. (vi.运转)
