1、写作布局思维之关注结构之美【思维路径】学会判断句子成分是英语写作的基础。英语句子的构成也有其特定的规律,掌握了句子的基本句型、常见句式和词语的习惯搭配,就能写出完整、正确的句子。句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。1. 主谓(SV):主语+谓语主语:一般由名词(如boy)、主格代词(如I)、动词不定式或动词-ing形式等构成。主语一般放在句首。谓语:由动词构成, 决定英语时态、语态变化, 一般在主语后。不及物动词(vi. )不能直接加宾语。经典示例I can communicate well. 我能很好地交流。 The farm house came into sight. 农
2、场的房舍进入视野。佳句赏析最重要的时刻终于到来了。The most important moment finally arrived. 然而, 在2018年这种上涨的趋势慢了下来。However, that increase slowed down in 2018. 2. 主(系)表(SP):主语+系动词+表语该句式中的谓语动词不能表达一个完整的意思, 必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语, 才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。作表语的可以是名词、代词、形容词等。连系动词有:(1)表示特征和存在状态:be, seem, appear;(2)表示感官:feel, look, s
3、mell, taste, sound;(3)表示状态延续:remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;(4)表示状态变化:become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow。经典示例I feel honored. 我感到很荣幸。We should be considerate. 我们应该考虑周到。 佳句赏析我叫李华, 晨光中学学生会主席。I am Li Hua, president of the Student Union from Chenguang Middle School. 在不久的将来, 我们的学校将变成更让人喜爱的地
4、方。Our school will become a more enjoyable place in the near future. 3. 主谓宾(SVO):主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语该句式中的谓语动词具有实义, 是主语产生的动作, 但不能表达完整的意思, 必须跟有一个宾语, 即动作的承受者, 才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。常用于这类句型的动词有:like, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, promise, propose, refuse, want, wish等。经典示例So I can easily get along with foreig
5、n students. 所以我能很轻松地与外国学生交往。 You should do a lot of preparation exercise. 你应该做很多准备练习。佳句赏析学生和老师们都度过了一段愉快的时光。The students and teachers shared a great time. 因此, 它的票房收入可能会稍微上升一点。Therefore, its box-office income will probably enjoy a slight increase. 4. 主谓宾宾(SVOO):主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语该句式中的谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整
6、的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者, 另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接, 当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时, 这一介词往往被省略。经典示例His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner. 他的妻子蒂娜给我们做了一顿美味的晚餐。The competition offers adolescents a good chance to show their talents. 这场竞赛给青少年提供了一个很好的展示才华的机会。佳句赏析我正写信告诉你我最近的生活和学习情况。Im writing to tell you some
7、thing about my life and study in recent days. 这张画向我们展示了一个令人心动的时刻。The picture shows us a touching moment. 5. 主谓宾补(SVOC):主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语该句式中的“宾语+宾语补足语”又叫做“复合宾语”, 其特点是宾语与其补语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系, 宾语具有双重身份, 它既充当前面谓语的宾语, 又兼作其后宾语补足语的逻辑主语。充当宾语补足语的词语和结构有:名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词等。经典示例Our teacher encouraged us to be pers
8、ons enjoying work. 老师鼓励我们成为热爱劳动的人。 Two days ago, Mom asked me to find relevant information on the Internet. 两天以前, 妈妈要求我在网上找一些相关信息。佳句赏析另外, 网上投票使得快速反馈成为可能。Furthermore, voting on the Internet makes instant feedback possible. 孩子们觉得燃放鞭炮很有趣。Children find setting off firecrackers interesting. 6. 主谓状(SVA):主
9、语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语(副词、名词、介词短语等)该句式中的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词, 后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。经典示例As is scheduled, the match will take place at 8:00 am on Saturday at our school playground. 正如计划的那样, 比赛将在本周六上午八点在学校操场举行。Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. 突然一只小兔子从我的马前跳了出来。 佳句赏析从2012年至2019年中国电影票
10、房的收入在持续不断地上升。The income of Chinese films increased constantly from 2012 to 2019. 这两个骑自行车的人在马路对面出现。The two cyclists turned up across the road. 7. 主谓宾状(SVOA):主语+谓语+宾语+状语经典示例You need to avoid making noises while chewing food. 咀嚼的时候你得避免发出噪音。Experts warn about two extremes when it comes to parents praise
11、 for their children. 当说到家长们表扬孩子的时候, 专家们警告说要注意两个极端。佳句赏析我必须通过阅读关于文化方面的书籍来提高自己。I have to improve myself by reading some books about culture. 你能够写一些有关你们当地的美国文化的东西吗?Would you please write something about the culture in your part of the United States?8. 存现句:There be+主语+定语(介词短语等)本句型又叫 There be 句型, 常用来表示“在某
12、地(某时) 有某物(某人)”。 若 be 后有两个或两个以上的名词作主语时, be动词应采取“邻近原则”, 即 be 应与邻近的主语在数上保持一致。在此句型中, 谓语动词有时不用 be, 而用其他动词, 使语言表达更生动形象, 如 live, stand, lie 等。经典示例There is no denying that such ratings might bring convenience to consumers. 毫无疑问这种排名会给消费者带来便利。There is no better theme than art, especially on the history of wes
13、tern painting that will interest students more. 没有比艺术更好的主题了, 特别是关于西方绘画历史的, 那更能引起学生们的兴趣。 佳句赏析不远处有一座桥, 沿着桥你就能找到那棵树并摘到更多水果。Not far away there is a bridge that can lead you to the tree for more fruit. 下一周我校将举行中国剪纸展。Next week there will be a Chinese paper-cutting exhibition held by our school. 【语篇锤炼】根据所给
14、信息补全短文, 注意句式结构的使用。(来源：2017全国卷)Dear Leslie, How are you? Glad to see you have made some progress in Chinese learning and （1） (我正给你写信, 告诉你一些我们下节课的事). The lesson will be given from 3 pm to 5 pm on the afternoon of next Tuesday in the classroom 502. In the class, （2） (你将主要学习唐诗), which reflects tradition
15、al Chinese culture and is deeply loved by Chinese. You can feel the beauty of Chinese by learning Tang Poetry. （3） (你最好课前做好充足的准备) and have a brief understanding of the history of Tang Dynasty, （4） (它会让你非常轻松地上完这节课). （5） (如果有什么我能帮你的), please dont hesitate to tell me. Looking forward to meeting you. Yours sincerely, Li Hua. 答案：（1） Im writing to tell you something about our next lesson（2）you will mainly learn Tang poetry（3）Youd better make full preparations before class（4）which makes it easy for you to go through the class（5）If there is anything that I can help you
