1、专题限时集训(七)阅读理解推理判断之文章出处、读者对象A (2019兰州市诊断考试)A new chapter opened in mankinds exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on the moons far side reached its destination after a 26day journey. The Change 4 lunar probe，representing Chinas latest step in lunar investigatio
2、n，landed at 10：26 am at the Von Krmn crater and then sent back three photos of the landing site shot by cameras on the probes lander(着陆器)，marking the worlds first images taken on the surface of the far side.One of the photos，published by the China National Space Administration，shows the place where
3、Change 4s rover，which was named Yutu 2 on Thursday night，will be heading to explore and survey. Thus began the first long journey to the side of the moon that faces away from the Earth.It is meant to fulfill scientists longheld desire to closely observe the lesser known region.Tidal(潮汐的) forces on E
4、arth slow the moons rotation to the point that the same side always faces Earth.The other side，most of which is never visible from Earth，is the far side of the moon.While it has been photographed by spacecraft，starting with a Soviet probe in 1959，no probe had ever made a soft landing there，so scient
5、ists had not been able to conduct surfacelevel observations and surveys of the region.Wu Weiren，chief designer of Chinas lunar program，said in Beijing on Thursday that the landing“was perfect”He called the event“an important milestone for Chinas space exploration”，adding that it has made a good star
6、t for future lunar exploration efforts.With its investigation of the far side，particularly the Von Krmn crater，the Change 4 mission will enable scientists to find out what they havent known about the moon and deepen their knowledge of its early history and of the solar system.【语篇解读】嫦娥四号探测器在月球背面着陆，这标
7、志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，同时也为人类了解月球的背面提供了信息。1What is the first paragraph mainly about?AThe basic data of the Change 4 lunar probe.BThe Change 4s worldfirst landing on the moons far side.CThe Change 4s 26day visit to the far side of the moon.DThe description of the photos taken on the surface of the moons far s
8、ide.B考查主旨大意。根据第一段第一句“A new chapter opened in mankinds exploration of the moon on Thursday morning as the first probe(航天探测器) to land on the moons far side reached its destination after a 26day journey”可知，本段主要介绍了嫦娥四号实现了人类首次在月球背面着陆。故选B。2What does the underlined word“it”in the third paragraph refer to?A
9、The lander. BThe rover.CThe far side of the moon.DThe Change 4 lunar probe.C考查词义猜测。根据第三段的第二句“The other side，most of which is never visible from Earth，is the far side of the moon”以及画线词所在句中的“While it has been photographed by spacecraft”可知，it在这里指代“the far side of the moon”，故选C。3What can we infer from t
10、his text?AIt is only on the moon that people can explore the deep space.BThe scientific information obtained by Change 4 will be new to the world.CIt is the first time for people to see the pictures of the far side of the moon.DChinese space technology is more advanced than that of any other country
11、s.B考查推理判断。根据第一段最后一句中的“marking the worlds first images taken on the surface of the far side”可知，嫦娥四号月球探测器发回的照片是世界上首次在月球背面拍摄照片，由此可推知，B项正确。4In which section of a website can we probably read this text?ATourism. BHealth Care.CScience and Technology.DArt and Entertainment.C考查文章出处。本文为新闻报道，介绍了嫦娥四号探测器首次在月球背面
12、着陆，这标志着中国探月工程的巨大进步，由此可推知，本文可能出自一个网站的科技版面。故选C。B (2019成都市诊断性检测)Young trees dont just grow；they develop a personality and learn more about their environment and how they should best behave in it. They also help each other out whenever theres trouble.Personality，just as among people，varies among trees.
13、Some are anxious，some bold. On the authors land，there are three oak trees growing close together. One of the oak trees always starts to shed its leaves two weeks earlier than the others. Since they all experience the same temperature，the same soil and the same length of day，such variables cant be th
14、e explanation. So whats happening？Well，this tree is simply more careful than the others. Whoever holds on to their leaves longer can do more photosynthesis(光合作用) and store more nutrients. However，the longer a tree keeps its leaves，the higher the risk of injury.Not only do trees make their own decisi
15、ons, they also learn from their mistakes. A tree，for example，keeping its leaves too long during one year will never make this mistake again.This leads to several other conclusions：trees must notice the temperature and the length of the day and be able to save their experiences somewhere.Obviously，tr
16、ees dont have brains，but it is thought that in the sensitive tips of their roots they keep track of information and experiences.But trees arent only clever when it comes to caring for themselves.They also support each other whenever theres trouble by giving warnings and even taking care of sick and
17、weak conspecifics with nutrients. For example，one time the author found a very old tree stump. Its insides had rotted a long time ago to topsoil. But the wood on the outside of the stump was still living. How was this possible？Well，the stump was nourished by its neighbors with nutrients from the roo
18、t system，and had been for at least 400 years!Why do trees do such a thing？Its simple：its better together.Trees need the forest；it protects them from storms，provides the right microclimate and warns them of attacks.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了树的智慧。5Why does the author mention the three oak trees?ATo illustra
19、te trees can learn from experiences.BTo show trees can make independent decisions.CTo explain trees are quite supportive to each other.DTo prove trees have the same personalities as humans.B考查推理判断。根据第二段第四句可知，三棵橡树中，有一棵总比其他两棵先落叶；结合第三段第一句可知，树木能自己做决定；据此可推知，作者提及三棵橡树旨在说明树木可以自己做决定，故B项正确。6According to the t
20、ext，which of the following best describes general features of trees?AAnxious and bold.BSmart and adventurous.CHelpful and wellbehaved.DAdaptable and supportive.D考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句，并结合第三段内容可知，树木不仅能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训；据此可推知，树木适应能力强；根据第四段第一、二句可知，树木不仅善于照顾自己，当遇到困难时，它们会发出警告，相互支持，甚至照顾生病、虚弱的同类；据此可推知，树木之间互帮互助，故
21、D项正确。7What does the underlined phrase“do such a thing” mean?AGive warnings.BOffer assistance.CDepend on others.DProvide nutrients.B考查词义猜测。根据第四段尾句可知，树桩是由它的邻居从根处给予营养来滋养的；结合第五段第一句Why do trees do such a thing？和第五段的内容可知，该处表示“为什么树木要互相帮助？”，故画线短语是指提供帮助，故B项正确。8Where does this text most probably come from?AA
22、public lecture.BA science book.CAn experiment report.DA travel journal.B考查文章出处。通读全文可知，本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了树的智慧：每棵树都有它不同的个性，遇到困难时它们也会互相帮助；研究发现，树不但能自己做决定，还能从自己的错误中吸取教训；据此可推知，本文最可能选自科学书籍，故B项正确。C (2019昆明市诊断测试)Whore happier，men or women？Research shows its a complex question and that asking whether males or fem
23、ales are happier isnt really that helpful，because basically，happiness is different for women and men.Womens happiness has been declining for the past 30 years，according to recent statistics. And research shows that women are twice as likely to experience depression compared with men. Gender(性别) diff
24、erences in depression are well confirmed and studies have found that biological，psychological and social factors contribute to the difference.Early studies on gender and happiness found men and women were socialized to express different feelings.Women are more likely to express happiness，warmth and
25、fear，which help with social bonding and appear more consistent with the traditional role as a primary caregiver，while men display more anger，pride and disrespect，which are more consistent with a protector and provider role.Recent research suggests that these differences are not just socially，but als
26、o genetically related.Studies have looked into these findings further and discovered that females use more areas of the brain containing mirror neurons(镜像神经元) than males when they process feelings.Mirror neurons allow us to experience the world from other peoples view，to understand their actions and
27、 intentions.This may explain why women can experience deeper sadness.Women tend to experience more negative feelings，such as more guilt，shame and to a lesser degree，embarrassment.Psychologically it seems men and women differ in the way they process and express feelings.With the exception of anger，wo
28、men experience feelings more strongly and share their feelings more openly with others.Studies have found in particular that women express more appreciationwhich has been linked to greater happiness.This supports the theory that womens happiness is more dependent on relationships than mens.【语篇解读】本文从
29、社会、生理和心理三个方面介绍了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异。9Which feeling are men more likely to show compared with women?AWarmth.BDepression.CHappiness. DDisrespect.D考查细节理解。根据第三段最后一句中的while men display more anger, pride and disrespect可知，男性表现更多的是生气、骄傲和无礼，故选D项。10What factors cause women to share feelings more openly?APsychologica
30、l factors.BBiological factors.CEducational factors.DSocial factors.A考查细节理解。根据最后一段的内容可知，本段从心理方面介绍了男性和女性在处理和表达感情方面的不同：与男性相比，女性更加公开地表露自己内心的情感，故选A项。11One can probably read the text from Aa science fictionBa culture brochureCa nursery guideDa health magazineD考查文章出处。根据本文内容可知，本文主要从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上
31、的差异。由此可推知，本文有可能摘自一本健康杂志，故选D项。12What is the text mainly about?AMen and women differ in biology and psychology.BMen and women experience happiness differently.CSocial roles have a great effect on men and women.DWomens happiness has declined in the past years.B考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，本文从社会、生理和心理三个方面分析了男性和女性在幸福感上的差异，故B项最符合文意。