1、Unit 11Conflict and CompromiseLesson 2Dealing with Conflict【基础知识过关】.单词拼写1In 2016 Britain voted to _ (退出) from the EU.2She became so nervous that she shook _ (剧烈地)3One must apply oneself to the present and keep ones eyes _ (坚定地) fixed on ones future goals.4Scientists have a fairly _ (消极的) attitude to
2、 the theory.5The government has been accused of not _ (回应) appropriately to the needs of the homeless.6She tried _ (跺脚) her feet to keep warm at the bus stop.7The boss _ (咒骂) at the waitress when she broke a plate.8The _ (后果) of a rising sea level would be widespread flooding.9The violence was the r
3、esult of political and ethnic _ (冲突).单句语法填空1I got the job on the strength of your _ (recommend)2On the other hand, there are always some people who view this gap _ (negative)3He determined on a _ (withdraw) of his forces.4We prefer to subscribe to an alternative _ (explain)5_ surprised us most there
4、 was the beauty of the scenes.6Closing the plant will lead _ 300 job losses.7The courts can refuse _ (admit) police evidence which has been illegally obtained.8These two problems mustnt be treated _ the same way.短语填空1Its not easy for anyone to _ in emergencies.2I tend to accept any idea _ by experts
5、 on TV.3Mr. Knight cant be here, so his wife will accept the prize _.4We must take positive steps to _ the problem.5He made one big mistake, and, _， lost his job.完成句子1回应谩骂性电子邮件的最好办法就是置之不理。The best way to _ a flame is to ignore it.2非常荣幸来到这里与大家分享音乐如何影响了我的人生。Its an honor to be here and to _ you the sto
6、ry of how music has had an impact on my life.3昨天他刚从银行里取了500美元，就被抢劫了。He _ $500 from a bank account yesterday when he was robbed.4我们把婚礼提前了两周。We have _ by two weeks.5从房子的窗户可以把通向农场的那条小路尽收眼底。The lane _ the farm was in full view of the house windows.【能力提升训练】.阅读AAs Simon Kindleysides, 34, took his first st
7、ep in the London Marathon in April, he felt as if magic was in the air.“As we were walking towards the first mile, we actually started joining all the runners，” he said. “Everyone was on the streets, cheering, and that was a magical moment.” As time went on, the crowds and other racers spread around
8、. Kindleysides and his team of eight supporters continued walking.Kindleysides, who is paralysed (瘫痪的) from the waist down and typically uses a wheelchair, was equipped with an exoskeleton (外骨骼) to help him walk. His supporters walked with him to change the batteries in his exoskeleton so he could k
9、eep moving.In 2013, Kindleysides was diagnosed with a brain tumour (脑瘤) that was growing in a way that pressed on certain nerves, leading to him losing feeling in his legs. He was told he would never walk again. Before his paralysis, the Londonbased singer and dancer had always wanted to run a marat
10、hon, but he never made the plan to do sountil this year.During the London Marathon, the last twomile race was the hardest. “At that point, I was exhausted. It was freezing cold, and I was hurting emotionally，” Kindleysides said. But he kept going. “I didnt want to let people down. I had a team of ei
11、ght, and I was raising money for The Brain Tumour Charity，” he said. “I didnt want to let them down, myself down, and I thought if I would get this far, I would have to continue.” So he continued and made history as the first paralysed man to complete the London Marathon on foot.Then, recovering at
12、home, he shared his accomplishment with his three children. “They used to say Im the only dad in their whole school thats in a wheelchair, and now they say Im their dad, the only one that has walked a marathon，” he said.Kindleysides is training to complete three more marathons next year, including t
13、he London Marathon again.1Why did Kindleysidess supporters accompany him all the way?ATo inspire him as a team.BTo help change the batteries.CTo guide him along the road.DTo assist him with the wheelchair.2What caused Kindleysidess disability?AAn accident in the previous marathon.BAn operation on hi
14、s brain for the tumour.CSome nerves produced out of the tumour.DThe pressure from the brain tumour on the nerves.3What partly supported Kindleysides to finish the hardest twomile race?AThe determination to beat others.BThe strong desire to recover.CThe kindness to help the charity.DThe prize money f
15、or the winner.4What can we learn about Kindleysides?AHe was once a successful actor.BHis children feel a pity for him in the wheelchair now.CHe is ambitious for joining in the London Marathon once more.DHe was the first disabled man to complete the London Marathon.BFollowing the outbreak of the nove
16、l coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathingthe NCPs symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but its potentially more dangerous.Viruses coul
17、d be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. But what are viruses? How can they cause so much trouble?Viruses are nonliving organisms (有机体) approximately onemillionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they cant reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduc
18、e, spread and take over.Viruses can infect every living thingfrom plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life. Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections trigger no noti
19、ceable reaction. Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect. For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the Tcells of the im
20、mune system.But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? Until now, no clear explanation for their origin exists. “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult”， Ed Rybicki, a virologist (病毒学家) at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses
21、 dont leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells theyve invaded.”However, there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved f
22、rom pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses coevolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.For the time being, these are only theories. The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the
23、most plausible explanation. Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers. Or future studies may reveal that the answer is even murkier (含糊不清的) than it now appears.5What can we learn about viruses from the text?AViruses have nothing to do with the common cold.BViruses are really small livin
24、g organisms.CViruses cant reproduce unless they find a host cell.DViruses enter our bodies mainly through the mouth, nose and hair.6Which of the following might explain the origin of viruses?AThey evolved from the fossils of large organisms.BThey evolved from parasites into independent organisms.CTh
25、ey evolved from the Tcells in animals.DThey evolved along with their host cells.7The underlined word “plausible” in the last paragraph probably means “_”Areasonable BcommonCcreative Dunbelievable8What can we conclude from the text?AViruses live longer in human host cells than in animals.BViruses wil
26、l become more like bacteria as they evolve.CIt may take a long time to understand the origin of viruses.DThe author is optimistic about future virus research.CFacial expressions carry the meanings that are determined by situations and relationships. For example, in American culture the smile is in g
27、eneral an expression of pleasure. Yet it also has other uses. A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child. A smile may show love or politeness. It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion across cultures. For example, many
28、people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper. Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places (although this is less common in big cities). Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places; some Americans believe that Russians d
29、ont smile enough. In Southeast Asian cultures, a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings. Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.Our faces show emotions (情感), but we should not attempt to “read” people from another culture as we would “read” someone from our
30、 own culture. The fact that members of one culture do not express their emotions as openly as members of another does not mean that they do not experience emotions.Rather, there are cultural differences in the amount of facial expression permitted. For example, in public and in formal situations man
31、y Japanese do not show their emotions as freely as Americans do. When with friends, Japanese and Americans seem to show their emotions similarly.It is difficult to generalise about Americans and their facial expressiveness because of personal and cultural differences in the United States. People fro
32、m certain cultural backgrounds in the United States seem to be more facially expressive than others. The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of “reading” other people incorrectly.9Wh
33、at does the smile usually mean in America?ALove. BPoliteness.CJoy. DThankfulness.10The author mentions the smile of the Vietnamese to prove that smile can _.Ashow friendliness to strangersBbe used to hide true feelingsCbe used in the wrong placesDshow personal habits11What should we do before attemp
34、ting to “read” people?ALearn about their relations with others.BUnderstand their cultural backgrounds.CFind out about their past experiences.DFigure out what they will do next.12What would be the best title for the text?ACultural DifferencesBSmiles and RelationshipsCFacial ExpressivenessDHabits and
35、Emotions.七选五A good training partner can be a great asset (有用的人) to your training but if you get stuck with a bad one, it could lead you down the road to frustration. _1_ Here are a few things to look out for：Dependable. Choose someone who you are sure will show up for every scheduled workout or who
36、will call you if they cant make it. It is a drain(消耗) on your valuable energy especially before training to have to constantly remind your partner.Attitude. Get a partner with a positive attitude. This is very important. If they constantly say that something is impossible or that they cant or you ca
37、nt do something, you may end up believing them. _2_Open mind. Get a partner with an open mind. Someone who has to do things in his or her way all the time，will not listen to you and will not change his or her mind isnt a good partner. _3_ The leader should take into account the needs and feelings of
38、 the other partner not totally ignoring them.Spotting. Get someone you feel comfortable with spotting you. One of the main roles of a training partner is spotting and if you dont trust them，theres not much point in having them around to help._4_ If you are a beginner，try to find someone who knows wh
39、at they are doing. You will get more out of your training than if you train with another beginner.While there are a number of advantages of having a training partner，there are also advantages of working alone. _5_ATraining level.BSimilar strength levels.CBe selective when choosing a training partner
40、.DFind someone with a similar training goal as you.EIn every partnership，one person will tend to be the leader.FDo not train with someone who is satisfied with no improvement.GIn the end，it is really up to you whether or not you need a training partner.语法填空We all know clean water is important for go
41、od health. But now we also know we should watch 1._ we keep our water in. Plastic bottles hardened with a dangerous material 2._ (call) BPA can release a chemical into our water that harms our bodies. Since 2011, many countries 3._ (ban) companies from using plastic with BPA in food containers and b
42、aby bottles. But are other nonBPA plastics safe?Plastic labelled BPAfree might use other chemicals that have 4._ (harm) health effects. 5._ (study) have shown that low levels of those chemicals might have the same effects as BPA. So, what should people do? The 6._ (good) material to drink from is gl
43、ass, 7._ has no chemicals that can poison water.Another good choice 8._ a drink container is stainless steel. Stainless steel bottles are better than aluminum bottles, which are covered with a thin plastic 9._ (protect) the metal from acids. There are many good foodgrade stainless steel water bottle
44、s on the market.If you do decide to use a reusable plastic water bottle, avoid 10._ (keep) it in the sun. Sunlight and hot liquid speed up the release of chemicals into your drinking water.概要写作阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。Antarctica is the center of important scientific research. However, with an incre
45、asing number of day, scientists have to leave their work to greet a group of tourists who are taking a vacation in this continent of ice. Even though their desire to enjoy this vast and beautiful landscape can be appreciated, Antarctica should be closed to tourists.Tourists in Antarctica can damage
46、scientific research and hurt the environment. When tourist groups come, they take scientists away from their research. The work is difficult and some of the projects can be damaged by such simple mistakes as opening the wrong door or knocking against a small piece of equipment. In addition, tourists
47、 in Antarctica can also hurt the environment. Members of Greenpeace, one of the worlds leading environmental organizations, complain tourists leave trash on beaches and disturb the plants and animals. In a place as frozen as Antarctica, it can take one hundred years for a plant to grow back.The need
48、 to protect Antarctica from tourists becomes even greater when we consider the fact that there is no government here. Antarctica belongs to no country. Who is making sure that the penguins, plants and sea are safe? No one is responsible. It is true that the number of tourists who visit Antarctica ea
49、ch year is smaller compared to the number of those who visit other places. However, these other places are controlled by local governments. They have an interest in protecting their natural environments. Who is concerned about the environment of Antarctica? The scientist, to be sure, but not necessa
50、rily the tour companies that make money from sending people south.If we dont protect Antarctica from tourism, there may be serious consequences for us all. We might lose the results of scientific research projects. Its possible that these results could teach us something important about the causes a
51、nd effects of climate change. Some fragile plants and animals might die and disappear forever. This could damage the balance of animal and plant life in Antarctica. We know from past experience that when things get unbalanced, harmful changes can occur._参考答案【基础知识过关】.单词拼写1withdraw2.violently3.firmly4
52、.negative5responding6.stamping7.swore8.consequence9conflicts.单句语法填空1recommendation2.negatively3.withdrawal4explanation5.What6.to7.to admit8.in.短语填空1make the right judgment2.put forward3.on his behalf4deal with5.as a result.完成句子1respond to2.share with3.had just withdrawn4.put forward the wedding5.lea
53、ding to【能力提升训练】.阅读A【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了残疾人西蒙在参加伦敦马拉松比赛时发生的温暖人心的故事。1B细节理解题。由第三段最后一句“His supporters walked with him to change the batteries in his exoskeleton so he could keep moving.”可知，他的支持者一直跟着他是为了帮助他更换维持外骨骼运动所需要的电池，故选B。2D细节理解题。由第四段第一句“In 2013, Kindleysides was diagnosed with a brain tumour that was
54、growing in a way that pressed on certain nerves, leading to him losing feeling in his legs.”可知，造成他残疾的原因是脑瘤压迫了某些神经，故选D。3C细节理解题。由第五段中的“I didnt want to let people down. I had a team of eight, and l was raising money for The Brain Tumour Charity，he said.”可知，支撑他完成最后艰难的两英里的比赛的动力之一就是他为慈善机构筹款的善心，故选C。4C推理判断题
55、。根据最后一段“Kindleysides is training to complete three more marathons next year, including the London Marathon again.”可知，他渴望再次参加伦敦马拉松比赛，故选C。B【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了关于新型冠状病毒肺炎的传播途径、病毒起源的研究情况。研究表明病毒自身无法传播，是通过宿主细胞来感染的。目前关于病毒起源的解释有三种主要的假说，但都还处于理论阶段。5C细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，病毒自身不能繁殖，只有找到宿主细胞才能繁殖，故选C。6D细节理解题。第七段是关于病
56、毒起源的三种假说。根据第三种假说可知，研究认为病毒与宿主细胞共同进化，并且与这些细胞共存，故选D。7A词义猜测题。根据第七段中“there are three main hypotheses (假说) to explain the origin of viruses”以及第八段中“these are only theories”可知，关于病毒的起源，现在都只是处于理论阶段。现在的技术和数据对于病毒的起源还无法做出“合理的”解释。因此可以猜测plausible意思为“合理的”，故选A。8C推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可以推断，要找到病毒的起源还需要很长一段时间，故选C。C【语篇解读】本文是一
57、篇议论文。微笑在不同的文化中是具有不同的含义的。来自不同文化背景的人表达情感的方式不同，所以在跨文化交际中，我们应避免用自己的标准去评判来自其他文化背景的人。9C细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“in American culture the smile is in general an expression of pleasure”可知，在美国文化中，微笑一般是表达快乐的表情。此处joy是pleasure的同义词。故选C项。10B细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“It can also hide true feelings. It often causes confusion across cu
58、ltures.”可知，此处提出“微笑可以被用于隐藏真正的情感”这一论点，其后提到越南人讲故事的例子就是为了论证微笑能隐藏真正的情感这一观点。故选B项。11B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“The key is to try not to judge people whose ways of showing emotions are different. If we judge according to our own cultural habits, we may make the mistake of reading other people incorrectly.”可知，我们在“读”人
59、们的表情的时候，要先了解他们的文化背景，否则很容易产生误解，故选B项。12C主旨大意题。文章围绕面部表情展开，阐述了来自不同文化背景的人表达感情的方式不同，同一面部表情在不同的文化背景中的含义可能不同的观点，所以“面部表情”是文章的主旨，即最佳标题。故选C项。.七选五【语篇解读】本文是说明文。有一个好的训练伙伴是好的，但是要精心挑选这个人。本文告诉你如何选择一个让你满意的训练伙伴。1C此空位于段落中，起承上启下的作用，它引出下文。前一句“A good training partner can be a great asset(有用的人)to your training but if you g
60、et stuck with a bad one, it could lead you down the road to frustration.(好的训练伙伴对你的训练有帮助，但是如果选择不当就会引领你到令人沮丧的道路。)”可推断，C项：当选择一个训练伙伴时，需要好好挑选。符合题意，引出下文需要注意的事项。故选C。2F根据上文“Get a partner with a positive attitude.(要找一个有积极态度的伙伴)”和“If they constantly say that something is impossible or that they cant or you ca
61、nt do something, you may end up believing them.(如果他们经常说一些不可能的事情，或者他们不能或你不能做某事，你可能最终会相信他们)”可推断，不要和一个不思进取的人一起训练。故选F。3E根据下句“The leader should take into account the needs and feelings of the other partner not totally ignoring them.(领导者应该考虑另一个伙伴的需求和感受，不是完全忽视他们)”可以得知在每一个伙伴关系中，一个人会趋向于成为领导者。E项中的the leader与下
62、文的The leader指同一事物。故选E。4A此空是小标题，要短小精悍，概括性强。根据下文：如果你是一个初学者，尽量找到一个知道你将做什么的人。也就是要找一个有经验的人而不是和你一样的初学者。可知本段讲的是“训练水平”，故选A。5G根据上文：“While there are a number of advantages of having training partner, there are also advantages of working alone.”尽管有一个训练伙伴有许多优势，但是独立工作也有优势。 最后，是不是需要一个训练伙伴真的完全取决于你。表示总结。故选G。.语法填空【语
63、篇解读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了我们日常使用的塑料瓶中含有BPA(双酚A)这种有害成分，而相较之下最安全的喝水容器是玻璃制品，文中还介绍了使用可重复使用的塑料瓶饮水的注意事项。1what句意为：但我们现在也知道了应该关注把水装在什么(容器)里保存。“_ we keep our water in”为宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，应使用连接代词what引导。故填what。2called此处应用非谓语动词作定语，call与所修饰词material之间为逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填called。3have bannedban是谓语动词，时间状语Since 2011表明此句应使用现在完成时。故填h
64、ave banned。4harmful设空处作定语，修饰health effects，应用形容词。故填harmful。5Studies句意为：多项研究表明，少量的那些化学物质可能会产生和双酚A相同的影响。句中助动词为have，根据“主谓一致”原则可知，主语Study应为复数形式。故填Studies。6best句意为：用来喝水的最好的材质是玻璃，(因为)玻璃没有可能污染水的化学物质。根据语境可知，塑料对身体有危害，而玻璃是最好的选择，同时设空处前有定冠词The，故用good的最高级best。故填best。7which“_has no chemicals that can poison water
65、”为非限制性定语从句，先行词是glass，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用关系词which。故填which。8for/as句意为：另一个作为喝水容器的好选择是不锈钢(产品)。根据语境可知，此处所填词意为“用来”或“作为”，结合句子结构可知，应填入介词for或as，表示“用来/作为”。故填for/as。9to protectprotect在此应用非谓语动词作目的状语，所以应用不定式形式。故填to protect。10keepingavoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，因此使用动名词形式keeping。故填keeping。.概要写作参考范文：Despite tourists
66、 enthusiasm, they should be banned from Antarctica to ensure scientists normal work in research. (要点1) They can exert a bad effect on both scientific research and habitat of wildlife with pollution and disturbance. (要点2) And they shouldnt set foot on Antarctica because environment itself is not guaranteed without government there. (要点3) If tourism doesnt stop, we may face catastrophic outcomes, namely ignorance of knowledge about climate change and potential extinction of vulnerable wildlife, thus causing imbalance of ecosystem. (要点4)
