1、2020-2021学年上海市南汇中学高一上学期10月考试英语试题. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below. fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks,
2、 use one word that best fits each blank.Over the past sixteen years of my life. I have grown to be _1_ independent person. This can be both good and bad in the sense that I am able to do things on my own, but at times _2_ （struggle）with taking advice from others. Sometimes, hearing what other people
3、 have to say can be one of the hardest things to do. However, getting advice from people _3_ care about you can impact your life in great ways. Because of this. I began realizing that my moms guidance throughout my life has never steered（引导）me wrong. This is why I think you _4_ always listen to your
4、 mother.This belief has not been easy _5_ （realize）. It has taken endless amounts of time in which I decided to go against what my mom had to say. And later discovered that she was right. I think we can all agree that _6_ （admit）your mom was right is always a hard thing to do. But what else are you
5、supposed to say_7_ you are standing outside in the freezing cold, shaking because you did not wear that extra jacket you _8_ （tell）to wear?When I was twelve years old. I had the experience of a lifetime. However. I would have missed out if it hadnt been for my mom. She had been planning a trip to Tu
6、rkey for work. offering to bring my sister and me along with her. When I first heard about this opportunity. I was terrified. Never had I been out of the country before. I thought to _9_, “Is she crazy?” My mom then began to say, “I believe _10_ one needs to step out of his comfort zone and try some
7、thing new in order to encounter larger-than-life ideas.” After going back and forth with my own thoughts. I decided to go on trip. And boy, she was right. Going to Turkey will forever be one of my greatest memories and I am thankful I got to visit that amazing country.【答案】1. an 2. struggle 3. who 4.
8、 should 5. to realize 6. admitting#to admit 7. when#while#if 8. had been told 9. myself 10. that【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者经过十六年成长，已经成长为一个独立的人，开始意识到妈妈的指导总是对的，这就是作者认为应该经常听妈妈的话的原因，并谈论了妈妈对自己的影响。【1题详解】考查冠词。句意：我已经成长为一个独立的人。后文单数可数名词person为泛指概念，应用不定冠词限定，因其后的形容词independent发音以元音音素开头，故填an。【2题详解】考查谓语动词。句意：这可能是好的，也可能是
9、坏的，因为我可以自己做事情，但有时很难接受别人的建议。根据前文am以及时间状语at times可知，此处描述现状，用一般现在时，主语为I，谓语动词用原形。故填struggle。【3题详解】考查定语从句。句意：然而，从关心你的人那里获得建议可以在很大程度上影响你的生活。分析句子可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为people，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，用who引导该从句。故填who。【4题详解】考查情态动词。句意：这就是为什么我觉得你应该永远听你妈妈的话。根据句意及后文动词原形listen，此处应用情态动词should“应该，必须”，表示建议。故填should。【5题详解】考查动词不定式。句
10、意：这一信念并不容易实现。分析可知，此处为“主语+be+adj+动词不定式”结构，形容词easy为性质形容词，动词不定式主动表示被动含义，用realize的不定式形式，符合句意和语法。故填to realize。【6题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我想我们都同意，承认妈妈是对的总是一件很难的事。分析句子可知，空格处为宾语从句中的主语，可以用动名词也可以用动词不定式。故填admitting/to admit。【7题详解】考查状语从句。句意：但是，当（如果）你站在寒冷的室外，发抖，因为你没有穿上你被要求穿的那件额外的夹克时，你还应该说些什么呢？分析句子可知，空格处引导状语从句，根据语境判断，可以用wh
11、en或while引导的时间状语从句也可以用if引导的条件状语从句，均符合句意。故填when/while/if。【8题详解】考查被动语态和时态。句意：但是，当（如果）你站在寒冷的室外，发抖，因为你没有穿上你被要求穿的那件额外的夹克时，你还应该说些什么呢？分析句子结合句意可知，谓语动词tell和主语you之间是被动关系，因为动作发生在前文一般过去时did not wear之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态（had been done）。故填had been told。【9题详解】考查反身代词。句意：我心想，“她疯了吗?”think to oneself“暗想，心想；”是固定搭配，因主语
12、为I，用其反身代词作宾语，符合句意。故填myself。【10题详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我认为，一个人需要走出自己的舒适区，尝试一些新的东西，才能遇到比生命更伟大的想法。分析句子可知，空格处引导宾语从句，宾语从句结构完整，语意清晰，用没有实际意义的连词that引导从句。故填that。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you
13、need.A. calming B. alter C. alternative D. respect E. select F. routineG. incredibly H. maintain I. mindlessly J. challenging K. typicalDo you find your fellow classmates are keen on losing weight? If so, you are not alone. Nowadays young people are always talking about weight loss, and it is _11_ o
14、f them to keep a positive attitude to life. To help you slim down and stay healthy, here are four simple, healthy and dare I say, fun ways I _12_ for you.Have your cake . for breakfastThe way to _13_ weight loss isnt by feeling hungry.Scientists say that people who started off the day with a treat f
15、elt fuller and more satisfied, and that led to their sticking with the program as the day went on. Eating nothing is no way to start your day, so fuel up with a(n) _14_ like sugar-free bread. Give yourself protein and a mouthful of something sweet. And most of all, enjoy!Dr. Andrew Calvin, one exper
16、t of Mayo Clinic study is quoted as saying. “If individuals are seeking to maintain a healthy weight or to lose weight, they should seek to get enough sleep as a daily _15_.”If you find it tricky to wind down at night, turn off the electronics and engage in relaxing activities, like taking a bath or
17、 listening to _16_ music.Journal to drop poundsThe best weapons for a dieter? Pen and paper! Women who wrote down everything they ate lost more weight than those who didnt track their food intake. Journaling makes you accountable and more aware of what youre eating, so it makes sense that itll _17_
18、your eating habits and keep you from _18_ chewing if you arent actually hungry.Even a tiny bit of exercise helps your healthEven 20 to 30 minutes of physical activity most days of the weeks (broken up into smaller chunks is fine) reduces your risk for all sorts of physical ills. And even 20 minutes
19、a week can improve your mood. Its easy to criticize yourself or burn out if make goals that are _19_ hard to achieve, but walking a few times a week is doable and meaningful, too. Thus, do not be mean with _20_ for yourself if you can stick to workout.【答案】11. K 12. E 13. H 14. C 15. F 16. A 17. B 18
20、. I 19. G 20. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四种简单、健康和有趣的减肥方法。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：现在的年轻人总是谈论减肥，保持积极的生活态度是他们的典型。空处作表语，表示“典型”为typical。故填typical。故选K。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：为了帮助你减肥和保持健康，我为你选择了四种简单、健康和有趣的方法。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“选择”应用动词select，时态为一般现在时，主语为I，谓语用原形。故填select。故选E。【13题详解】考查动词。句意：保持减肥的方法不是感觉饥饿。结合句意表示“保持”应用动词maintain，此处为不定式
21、作后置定语。故填maintain。故选H。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：什么都不吃不是开始一天的方式，所以用无糖面包等替代品来补充能量。空处作宾语，结合句意表示“替代品”应用名词alternative，且冠词提示用单数形式。故填alternative。故选C。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：如果一个人想要保持健康的体重或减肥，他们就应该每天保证充足的睡眠。结合句意表示“日常常规”短语为daily routine，冠词提示用单数。故填routine。故选F。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：如果你觉得晚上很难放松下来，那就关掉电子设备，做一些放松的活动，比如泡个澡或听些舒缓的音乐。修饰后文名词mus
22、ic，表示“舒缓的”应用形容词calming，作定语。故填calming。故选A。【17题详解】考查动词。句意：记日记让你更有责任感，更清楚地意识到你在吃什么，所以它会改变你的饮食习惯，让你在不饿的时候不会盲目地吃东西，这是有道理的。空处作谓语，表示“改变”应用alter，此处为一般将来时，应用动词原形。故填alter。故选B。【18题详解】考查副词。句意：记日记让你更有责任感，更清楚地意识到你在吃什么，所以它会改变你的饮食习惯，让你在不饿的时候不会盲目地吃东西，这是有道理的。修饰后文动词chew，且表示“盲目地”应用副词mindlessly，作状语。故填mindlessly。故选I。【19题
23、详解】考查副词。句意：如果你的目标难以实现，你很容易就会批评自己或感到筋疲力尽，但每周散步几次也是可行的，也有意义的。修饰后文形容词hard，表示“非常地”应用副词incredibly，作状语。故填incredibly。故选G。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：因此，如果你能坚持锻炼，就不要轻视自己。空处作宾语，表示“尊重”应用名词respect，故填respect。故选D。. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage. there are four words or phr
24、ases marked A. B. C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Robots IntelligenceAs Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat. This danger can be _21_, according to computer science p
25、rofessor Stuart Russell if we figure out how to turn human _22_ into a programmable code.Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks, its necessary to translate our morals into AI language. _23_ , if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldnt want it to put the pet cat in the
26、 oven to make dinner for the _24_ children. “You would want that robot _25_ with a good set of values,” said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a _26_ distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differenc
27、es, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldnt think thats the kind of thing a _27_ brought-up person would do.It will be possible to _28_ more complicated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules. Robo
28、ts could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are _29_.The biggest _30_ with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to do sufficient testing and theyve produced a system that will _31_ some kind
29、 of taboo(禁忌). One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) _32_ situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask for _33_ from a human
30、. If we humans arent quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in _34_, and how to create a set of ethical(伦理的)rules. But if we _35_ an answer, robots could be good for humanity.21. A. avoidedB. rev
31、isedC. increasedD. rejected22. A. personalitiesB. behaviorsC. intentionsD. values23. A. InsteadB. For exampleC. After allD. As a result24. A. specialB. demandingC. brightD. starving25. A. preloadedB. downloadedC. uploadedD. upgraded26. A. comfortableB. privateC. sufficientD. noticeable27. A. literar
32、ilyB. independentlyC. properlyD. naturally28 A. manufactureB. installC. introduceD. create29. A. carelessB. senselessC. powerlessD. thoughtless30. A. doubtB. threatC. concernD. prospect31. A. subjectB. prohibitC. observeD. break32. A. similarB. familiarC. unusualD. ideal33. A. permissionB. guidanceC
33、. feedbackD. comment34. A. principleB. moralC. standardD. technology35. A. look intoB. pick outC. turn toD. come up with【答案】21. A 22. D 23. B 24. D 25. A 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. D 32. C 33. B 34. B 35. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。随着人工智能的发展，人们对机器人可能对人类带来的威胁产生了担忧，文章提出把人类的道德意识伦理观植入机器人是一个解决方案。【21题详解】考查动词
34、过去分词词义辨析。句意：计算机科学教授Stuart Russell认为，如果我们找到将人类价值观转化为可编程代码的方法，这种危险是可以避免的。A. avoided避免；B. revised修改；C. increased增加；D. rejected拒收。根据上文“As Artificial Intelligence (AI) becomes increasingly complicated, there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat.”可知，人工智能可能会造成威胁，再根据本句中“if we figure out ho
35、w to turn human _2_ into a programmable code.”可知，在某种条件下，这种危险是可以避免的。故选A项。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：计算机科学教授Stuart Russell认为，如果我们找到将人类价值观转化为可编程代码的方法，这种危险是可以避免的。A. personalities个性；B. behaviors行为；C. intentions意图；D. values价值观。根据后文“You would want that robot _5_ with a good set of values”以及第三段第一句“Some robots are a
36、lready programmed with basic human values.”可知，此处指“将人类价值观转化为可编程代码”。故选D项。【23题详解】考查动衔接词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果一个机器人在家里做家务，你不会希望它把宠物猫放在烤箱里为饥饿的孩子做晚饭。A. Instead代替；B. For example例如；C. After all毕竟；D. As a result结果。根据语境可知，后文“if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldnt want it to put the pet cat in the oven to
37、 make dinner for the _4_ children.”是举例说明前文所说的做法。故选B项。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，如果一个机器人在家里做家务，你不会希望它把宠物猫放在烤箱里为饥饿的孩子做晚饭。A. special特殊的；B. demanding高要求的；C. bright明亮的；D. starving饥饿的。根据句中“put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner”可知，此处指为“饥饿的”孩子准备晚餐。故选D项。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Russell说：“你会希望这个机器人预装一套好的价值观。”A. pr
38、eloaded预装；B. downloaded下载；C. uploaded上传；D. upgraded升级。根据上文“if a robot does chores around the house, you wouldnt want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the _4_ children.”可知，我们不希望机器人把宠物猫做成食物给孩子吃，所以我们要提前给机器人预装一套好的价值观。故选A项。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：例如，移动机器人已经被设计成与人类保持舒适的距离。A. comfortable舒适的
39、；B. private私人的；C. sufficient充足的；D. noticeable值得注意的。根据上文“Some robots are already programmed with basic human values.”可知，机器人已经按着人类的价值观进行编程，根据下文“Obviously there are cultural differences”可知，各地之间有文化差异，人与人之间的距离是不一样的，此处指“与人类保持舒适的距离”。故选A项。【27题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：很明显，文化差异是存在的，但如果你和另一个人交谈时，他们在你的私人空间里靠近你，你不会认为这是一个（
40、恰当地被带大的人）受过良好教育的人会做的事情。A. literarily文学地；B. independently独立地；C. properly恰当地；D. naturally自然地。基于上文的分析，根据上文“but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space”可知，他们如果距离另一个人太近，会被认为是不恰当的。故选C项。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们能找到一种方法，将人类价值观设定为明确的规则，那么就有可能创造出更复杂的道德机器。A. manufactur
41、e大量生产；B. install安装；C. introduce介绍，引进；D. create创造。根据后文“if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules”所提供条件，结合动词宾语“more complicated moral machines”可知，此处指创造出更复杂的道德机器。故选D项。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有当程序员粗心时，它们才是危险的。A. careless粗心的；B. senseless无意识的；C. powerless无能为力的；D. thoughtless轻率的。根据上文“Ro
42、bots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior”以及 “They are dangerous”可知，此处指当程序员“粗心”造成数据等错误时，它们才是危险的。故选A项。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：机器人违背人类价值观的最大问题（担忧）是人类没有做足够的测试，他们创造了一个将违反某种禁忌的系统。A. doubt怀疑；B. threat威胁；C. concern担忧，关心；D. prospect前景。根据后文“that human beings fail
43、 to do sufficient testing and theyve produced a system that will _11_ some kind of taboo”可知，人类如果没有做足够的测试，造成违背人类价值观的错误，机器人违背人类价值观的最大的令人担忧的问题。故选C项。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：机器人违背人类价值观的最大问题是人类没有做足够的测试，他们创造了一个将违反某种禁忌的系统。A. subject使顺从；B. prohibit禁止；C. observe观察；D. break打断，违反。根据前文“The biggest _10_ with robots go
44、ing against human values”可知，此处指“违反”某种禁忌。故选D项。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个简单的检查方法是给机器人编程，让它在遇到异常情况时，与人类一起检查正确的行动路线。A. similar相似的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. unusual不寻常的，异常的；D. ideal理想的。根据语境可知，给机器人编程时，给它们设置不同寻常的情景，人们一起检查并核实机器人如何处理。故选C项。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果机器人不确定动物是否适合微波，它就有机会停下来，发出哔哔声，并向人类寻求指导。A. permission许可；B. gui
45、dance指导；C. feedback反馈；D. comment评论。根据上文“One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with a(n) _12_ situation.”可知，给机器人编程时，给它们设置不同寻常的情景，人们一起检查并核实机器人如何处理，所以当机器人不确定某事时，会向人类寻求指导。故选B项。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在规划价值观的过程中，最困难的一步将是决定我们到底相信什么是道德的，以及
46、如何创建一套伦理规则。A. principle原则；B. moral道德；C. standard标准；D. technology技术。根据第二段第一句中“its necessary to translate our morals into AI language”以及本文多次提到如何让机器人具有道德意识可知，此处指“道德”。故选B项。【35题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：但如果我们找到（想出）了答案，机器人可能对人类有好处。A. look into调查；B. pick out挑出；C. turn to转向（求助）；D. come up with想出。根据上文“The most diffic
47、ult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in _14_, and how to create a set of ethical（伦理的）rules.”可知，如果我们能够找到答案，想出解决方案，机器人对人类是有好处的。故选D项。Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each o
48、f them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Traveling with small children has a lot of challenges. From the near constant complaining about being uncomfortable and thirsty to the never-endin
49、g need to see every bathroom along the way. it is a wonder that anyone survives. But. everyone does it because family holidays are fun. They are supposed to be fun right?Too often what could be great memories are overshadowed by the stress of just keeping the kids from killing each other. I am not g
50、oing to tell you that I can make a long car or plane trip pleasant or instruct you to happily sing songs in the front seat to spread your joy around. That is all crazy talk. What you can do is try a few things that might make the portion of your holiday you spend confined in a small space with your
51、offspring bearable.Load your Phone. Before you leave, go the app store and load up your iPhone with kid games. There are a ton of tree games that will keep your kids busy for hours. Even if you have to spend $ 1.99, its worth it. As a backup. toss a couple movies on there too. I am telling you, the
52、thrill of even holding a parents phone is a thrill for kid: having it loaded with activities is even better. By the way, bring headphones unless you like hearing the Sponge-Bob game lyrics for hours.Make surprise bags for the children. Take little brown bags or whatever is handy and put in a little
53、inexpensive toy or game, stickers, a little coloring book and crayons. Make one for each hour you will be in the car or plane and pass them out accordingly. Hopefully, it will keep them occupied for about twenty minutes of each hour.The most important of all travel tips is to take it easy on yoursel
54、f. The more upset you get, the worse your child will behave. They sense stress and it gets them stressed out too. Finally, and this is really important, w hen you arrive at your destination pour yourself a big glass of wine. You earned it.36. Why is travelling with children a headache to parents?A.
55、Because children get along badly with their parents.B. Because children are active and restless during travelling.C. Because children make a lot of trouble on purpose.D. Because there are many activities children cant attend.37. The second paragraph mainly tells parents that _.A. with enough prepara
56、tions. they will definitely enjoy their travellingB. they should lend an ear and share happiness with your childrenC. they can do something to make the trip as tolerable as possibleD. they should stop young children from talking nonsense38. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a travel tip?A P
57、repare some little surprises.B. Download Games apps in advance.C. Bring some crayons and colored pencils.D. Try to have them join in your conversation.39. The best title for this passage is _.A. How to travel with childrenB. How to make your children happyC. How to make your travel unforgettableD. H
58、ow to drive away boredom during the trip【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章就如何“和小孩子一起旅行”提出了几个建议。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“From the near constant complaining about being uncomfortable and thirsty to the never-ending need to see every bathroom along the way.（从几乎不停地抱怨不舒服和口渴，到永无休止地想看看沿途的每一间浴室。）”可知，带
59、孩子旅行会让父母头疼的原因是因为孩子们在旅行的时候总是活跃不安。故选B项。【37题详解】主旨大意题。根据第二段“What you can do is try a few things that might make the portion of your holiday you spend confined in a small space with your offspring bearable.（你可以做的是尝试一些事情，这些事情可能会让你和孩子在一个狭小空间里度过的假期变得可以忍受。）”可知，第二段主要告诉家长的是他们可以做一些事情，使旅行尽可能可以忍受。故选C项。【38题详解】细节理解
60、题。根据第三段“Load your Phone.（装载（应用）到你手机。）”，第四段“Make surprise bags for the children.（给孩子们制作惊喜包。）”及第五段“The most important of all travel tips is to take it easy on yourself.（所有旅行小贴士中最重要的就是放松自己。）”可知，文章提到了这三个建议，但是没有提到D项“让他们加入你们的谈话”。故选D项。【39题详解】主旨大意题。通读全文并根据第二段“What you can do is try a few things that might m
61、ake the portion of your holiday you spend confined in a small space with your offspring bearable.（你可以做的是尝试一些事情，这些事情可能会让你和孩子在一个狭小空间里度过的假期变得可以忍受。）”可知，文章主要就如何带小孩子旅游提出了具体的建议。A项“如何与孩子一起旅行”符合题意，适合做标题。故选A项。（B）Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life. According to Dr
62、. Tanya King, senior lecturer from Victorias Deakin University. Its Australians egalitarianism ,sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude. Egalitarianism roots in the way that the nation was built. In Australias founding car in the late 1700s,
63、 criminal settlers were often cruelly treated and robbed of their basic human rights by governors. The criminal class. who were mostly working-class Brits and Irish. was unable to seek civic positions that were reserved for immigrants w ho were not the criminal, with the latter arguing that if crimi
64、nals gained equal rights it would be rewarding criminality . Because of this, an egalitarian spirit was worn as a symbol of honor by many criminal settlers. They may not have had power, education or wealth. but they had a shared belief in equality.The informal way Australians use language is also be
65、lieved to root in criminal times. Philologist Sidney Baker once wrote that no other class would have a better talent for creating new terms to fit in with their new conditions in life. Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further - so have a Captains C
66、ook（have a look）. became ava captains. This same practice was used to economize ordinary clauses. Words like good day became g day. and barbecue was barbie.The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians dry self-criticizing and sarcastic（讽刺的） sense of humor. While in many co
67、untries its considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances. Australians lend to look at the lighter side. On one road trip, as I hit the stale line and entered Victoria. I drove past some blackened trees, the leftovers of a recent bush-fire. A road sign warning drivers about wildlife
68、 was half-melted and bent, but the shape of a hopping kangaroo was still distinct. Behind the figure, someone had drawn flames making it look as though the animals tail was on fire. I couldnt help but laugh - it was a brilliant reminder of the countrys nothing upsets us and anti-authoritarian attitu
69、de.And one thing you cant help but notice when driving around Australia is the countrys plentiful amounts of space. This. along with considerable leisure time plus favorable climate, all contributes to Australians relaxed attitude.40. The underlined word egalitarianism is closest to _ in meaning.A.
70、criminalityB. crueltyC. equalityD. governmentalism41. Which of the following is feature of the way Australians use language?A. They use more slangs than other people.B. They give new meaning to existent words.C. They favor shortened forms of expressions.D. They coin terms in memory of criminal times
71、.42. What can be inferred from paragraph 4?A. Kangaroos living conditions are getting tougher.B. Forest fires threatened Australians life to a great extent.C. Potential danger is here and there on the roads in Victoria.D. Australians jokes may not be as careless as they seem on the surface.43. The p
72、assage mainly talks about _.A. how the late 1700s impacted AustraliaB. why Australians enjoy casual life so muchC. what contributes to Australians relaxed lifestyleD. how Australians present their attitude towards life【答案】40. C 41. C 42. D 43. D【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了澳大利亚人目前他们对生活的态度。【40题详解】
73、词句猜测题。根据第一段“Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.（众所周知，澳大利亚人对生活的态度是轻松随意的。）”可知，澳大利亚人对待生活是轻松随意的态度，而划线句子“Its Australians egalitarianism, sense of humor and informal language that are most commonly mentioned as examples of this attitude.（最常被提到的例子是澳大利亚人的 egali
74、tarianism、幽默感和非正式语言。）”可推测，划线词应为“平等”之意。A选项与B选项为贬义，而D选项“政府主义”与relaxed and casual attitude不符。故选C项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Cockney rhyming slang brought over by the British working class was abbreviated even further - so have a Captains Cook（have a look）. became ava captains.Words like good day became g day.
75、 and barbecue was barbie.（由英国工人阶级带来的伦敦腔押韵俚语被进一步缩写所以“have a captain Cook”(看一下)，写成了“ava captains”。诸如“ good day”变成了“ g day”。“ barbecue”变成了“ barbie”。）”可知，澳大利亚人使用语言的一个特点是他们偏爱缩略形式的表达方式。故选C项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The tough conditions of settler times also played a part in Australians dry self-criticizing an
76、d sarcastic sense of humor. While in many countries its considered poor taste to find humor in difficult circumstances. Australians lend to look at the lighter side. I couldnt help but laugh-it was a brilliant reminder of the countrys nothing upsets us and anti- authoritarian attitude.（定居者时代艰苦条件也在澳大
77、利亚人干巴的自我批评和讽刺幽默感中起了作用。而在许多国家，在困难的环境中寻找幽默被认为是低级趣味。澳大利亚人倾向于看到光明的一面。我忍不住笑了起来这让我想起了这个国家“没有什么让我们不安”和反独裁的态度。）”可知，澳大利亚人的笑话可能不像表面上那么粗心。故选D项。【43题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Australians have long been known for having a relaxed and casual attitude to life.（众所周知，澳大利亚人对生活的态度是轻松随意的。）”可知，这篇文章主要讲的是澳大利亚人目前他们对生活的态度。故选D项。Section
78、CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sent
79、ence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.What Is a Dream?For centuries, people have wondered about the strange things that they dream about. Some psychologists say that this nighttime activity of the mind has no special meaning. Others, however, think that dre
80、ams are an important part of our lives. In fact, many experts believe that dreams can tell us about a persons mind and emotions.Before modern times, many people thought that dreams contained messages from God. It was only in the twentieth century that people started to study dreams in a scientific w
81、ay.The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a persons wishes. He believed that _44_The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student
82、of Freuds. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer. _45_ For example, people who dream about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about b
83、eing heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are tightly linked to a persons daily life, thoughts, and b
84、ehavior. _46_Domhoff believes that there is a connection between dreams and age. His research shows that children do not dream as much as adults. According to Domhoff, dreaming is a mental skill that needs time to develop.He has also found a link between dreams and gender. His studies show that the
85、dreams of men and women are different. For example, the people in mens dreams are often other men, and the dreams often involve fighting. This is not true of womens dreams. Domhoff found this gender difference in the dreams of people from 11 cultures around the world, including both modern and tradi
86、tional ones.Can dreams help us understand ourselves? Psychologists continue to try to answer this question in different ways. _47_ The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that some terrible event will actually take place. Its important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real wo
87、rld.A. Men and women dream about different things.B. A persons dreams and the meaning of those dreams are between the person and God alone.C. A criminal, for example, might dream about crime.D. However, one thing they agree on is: If you dream that something terrible is going to occur, you shouldnt
88、panic.E. Dreams allow people to express the feelings, thoughts, and fears that they are afraid to express in real life.F. He thought people could learn more about themselves by thinking about their dreams.【答案】44. E 45. F 46. C 47. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。几个世纪以来，人们一直对他们梦到的奇怪的事情感到好奇。一些心理学家说，这种夜间思维活动没有特殊意义。然而
89、，其他人认为梦是我们生活中重要的一部分。事实上，许多专家相信梦可以告诉我们一个人的思想和情感。文章主要说明了不同的专家对于梦的不同看法。【44题详解】根据上文“The Austrian psychologist, Sigmund Freud, was probably the first person to study dreams scientifically. In his famous book, The Interpretation of Dreams (1900), Freud wrote that dreams are an expression of a persons wish
90、es. He believed that(奥地利心理学家Sigmund Freud可能是第一个科学地研究梦的人。在他的著名著作梦的诠释(1900)中，Freud写道，梦是一个人愿望的表达。他认为)”可知，本句应当承接上文，说明Sigmund Freud对于梦的观点是什么，且上文提到“梦是一个人愿望的表达”，即人们在梦里可以表达自己在现实生活中不敢表达的东西。E选项中express the feelings可对应到上文中 an expression of a persons wishes。故E选项“梦允许人们表达他们在现实生活中不敢表达的感情、想法和恐惧”符合语境，故选E。【45题详解】根据上文
91、“The Swiss psychiatrist Carl Jung was once a student of Freuds. Jung, however, had a different idea about dreams. Jung believed that the purpose of a dream was to communicate a message to the dreamer.(瑞士精神病学家Carl Jung曾是Freud的学生。然而，Jung对梦有不同的看法。Jung相信梦的目的是向做梦者传达一个信息)”以及后文“For example, people who drea
92、m about falling may learn that they have too high an opinion of themselves. On the other hand, people who dream about being heroes may learn that they think too little of themselves.(例如，梦到摔倒的人可能会发现他们对自己的评价太高了。另一方面，那些梦想成为英雄的人可能会发现他们对自己的评价太低了)”可知，上文提到了Carl Jung对梦的不同看法，他认为梦的目的是给做梦者传达信息，且后文提到梦中的各种行为，反应了
93、做梦者对自己的看法，说明Carl Jung认为人们可以通过自己的梦境来进一步了解自己。F选项中He指的是上文提到的Carl Jung。故F选项“他认为人们可以通过思考自己的梦来更多地了解自己”符合语境，故选F。【46题详解】根据上文“Modern-day psychologists continue to develop theories about dreams. For example, psychologist William Domhoff from the University of California, Santa Cruz, believes that dreams are t
94、ightly linked to a persons daily life, thoughts, and behavior.(现代心理学家继续发展关于梦的理论。例如，来自加州大学圣克鲁兹分校的心理学家William Domhoff认为，梦与一个人的日常生活、思想和行为紧密相连)”可知，上文提到了William Domhoff对于梦的看法，本句为本段最后一句，应当承接上文举例说明，梦是如何与人的日常生活有关的。故C选项“例如，一个罪犯可能会梦见犯罪”符合语境，故选C。【47题详解】根据后文“The dream may have meaning, but it does not mean that
95、 some terrible event will actually take place. Its important to remember that the world of dreams is not the real world.(梦可能有意义，但它并不意味着一些可怕的事件会真的发生。重要的是要记住梦的世界不是真实的世界)”可知，后文提到梦到可怕的事情不一定意味着真的会发生，D选项中something terrible可对应到后文中some terrible event。故D选项“然而，他们一致同意的一点是：如果你梦到一些可怕的事情将要发生，你不应该恐慌”符合语境，故选D。第卷. V
96、erb FillingDirections: Complete the following sentences by using proper forms of the given verbs.48. Roman Empire _(exist) for centuries.(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】existed【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：罗马帝国存在了几个世纪。此处描述过去发生的动作应用一般过去时。故填existed。49. Since we live near the sea we _（enjoy）a healthy climate. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】have
97、 enjoyed【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态。句意：自从我们住在海边，我们就一直享受有益于健康的气候。分析句子并根据since可知，句子应使用现在完成时have/has done，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作。we为第一人称复数，后面直接跟have。故填have enjoyed。50. By the end of 2021, several other metro lines _. （complete）(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】will have been completed【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：到2021年底，其他几条地铁线路也将完工。分析句子并根据时间状
98、语By the end of 2021可知，句子应使用将来完成时。由于complete与所修饰词several other metro lines之间是被动关系，应使用将来完成时的被动语态will have been completed。故填will have been completed。51. Help others whenever you can and you _（make）the world a nicer place to live in. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】will make【解析】【分析】【详解】考查祈使句。句意：随时随地帮助别人，你会让这个世界变得更美好。分析
99、可知，句子考查“祈使句+and+简单句（一般将来时）”这一固定句式（祈使句表示条件），相当于if引导的条件句。故填will make。52. Were you surprised by the ending of the film? No, I _（read）the book, so I already knew the story. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】had read【解析】【详解】考查时态。句意：你对电影的结局感到惊讶吗?不，我读过这本书，所以我已经知道这个故事了。表示在Were surprised之前发生的事情，是过去对过去造成的影响，用过去完成时。故填had read。5
100、3. Have you seen the latest movie? No. It will be ages before I _（have）time to go to the cinema. Look at how much work I have. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】have【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态。句意：你看过最新的电影吗？不。我要过好久才有时间去看电影。看看我有多少工作要做。分析句子并根据提示词可知，空处考查“it will be ages before +一般现在时”这一固定句式，表达“要很久以后，才”之意。have用在I之后，应使用原形。故填have。54.
101、China _（develop）at a tremendous rate, an outstanding achievement never seen before, during the past two decades. (所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】has developed【解析】【详解】考查动词时态。句意：在过去的二十年里，中国以前所未有的速度飞速发展。during the past two decades表示在过去一段时间，用现在完成时。故填has developed。55. We went to the supermarket to do some shopping. only
102、 to be told that it _（decorate）(所给词的适当形式填空)【答案】was being decorated【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：我们去超市买东西，结果被告知正在装修。分析句子并根据went可知，空处应使用过去进行时，表示“过去正在做某事”。由于decorate与所修饰词it之间是被动关系，应使用过去进行时的被动语态was/were being done。it之后应使用was。故填was being decorated。. RecitationDirections: Fill in each blank with one word accordi
103、ng to the text and summary.56. In other words, she wants to show that her life _.(用适当的词填空)【答案】matters【解析】【分析】【详解】考查动词和时态。句意：换句话说，她想表明她的生活很重要。分析可知，所填空应是宾语从句“that her life _”的谓语动词，结合语意可知，应是动词“matter”，意为“事关紧要；要紧；有重大影响”，结合前文“wants”可知，应是一般现在时，主语“her life”为第三人称单数，动词用第三人称单数单数形式。故填matters。57. Hes not ashame
104、d of his _. Hes simply happy to be alive. (用适当的词填空)【答案】poverty【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：他没有因为自己的贫穷而羞耻。仅仅是活着他就很开心了。根据句意以及空前的his可知，空处应使用不可数名词poverty，作of的宾语。故填poverty。58. People around the world are living different lives, and each of them is _.(用适当的词填空)【答案】unique【解析】【详解】考查形容词。句意：世界各地的人们过着不同的生活，每个人都是独一无二的。is后接形容
105、词作表语，根据句意。故填unique。59. The _ are well-connected and deal with topics, such as peoples worries. their feats and their feelings about some seemingly boring and unimportant things in life. (用适当的词填空)【答案】scenes【解析】【详解】考查名词。句意：这些场景都有很好的联系，并且处理了一些话题，比如人们的烦恼。 他们对生活中一些看似无聊和不重要的事情的壮举和感受。 根据句意表示“场景”可知应填名词scene
106、，作主语，结合后文are可知用复数形式。故填scenes。60. On 24 July 2010, people from Africa, Europe, America, Antarctica and Asia recorded events on their mobile phones and digital cameras and _ them onto the Internet. (用适当的词填空)【答案】uploaded【解析】【分析】【详解】考查时态。句意：在2010年7月24日，来自非洲、欧洲、美洲、南极洲和亚洲的人用移动电话和数码相机记录事件，并将其上传到互联网上。结合句意，分
107、析句子并根据空前的recorded及and可知此处表示“上传”，句子应使用一般过去时，与recorded并列。故填uploaded。. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.61. 家庭聚餐是春节的典型习俗之一。（typical）(汉译英)【答案】Family dinner is one of the typical customs of the spring festival.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词(短语
108、)、固定搭配和时态。分析句子可知，句子应使用一般现在时，表示一般事实。表示“家庭聚餐”应使用名词短语family dinner，作主语；表达“是”应使用be动词，用在family dinner之后用is；表达“之一”应使用固定搭配one of+可数名词复数；表达“典型习俗”应使用名词短语typical customs；表达“春节的”应使用介词of加名词短语the spring festival。句子首字母大写。故翻译为Family dinner is one of the typical customs of the spring festival.62. 那位残疾人租了一个报摊来赚钱养家糊口
109、。（earn）(汉译英)【答案】The disabled man rented a newsstand to earn money and support his family.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查名词(短语)、动词（短语）、不定式及时态等。分析句子可知，句子应使用一般过去时。表达“那位残疾人”应使用名词短语the disabled man，其中the表特指；表达“租了”应使用动词过去式rented；表达“一个报摊”应使用a newsstand，表泛指；表达“来”应使用不定式to+动词原形；表达“赚钱”应使用动词短语earn money；表达“养家糊口”应使用动词短语support h
110、is family，用and与前动词短语连接，共同与to构成不定式，作目的状语。句子首字母大写。故翻译为The disabled man rented a newsstand to earn money and support his family.63. 无论遇到任何苦难，我们都不能半途而废。（no matter）(汉译英)【答案】No matter what difficulties we may meet, we must not give up halfway.【解析】【详解】考查no matter+疑问代词、名词（短语）、动词（短语）、情态动词及时态等。分析句子可知，句子应使用一般现
111、在时，表示客观陈述。表达“遇到”应使用动词meet；表达“困难”应使用可数名词复数difficulties；表达“无论遇到任何困难”应使用no matter what引导的让步状语从句no matter what difficulties we may meet，其中情态动词may表示“可能”，用逗号与主句隔开；表达“我们”应使用代词we，作主句主语；表达“都不能”应使用情态动词must not；表达“半途而废”应使用动词短语give up halfway，作主句谓语。句子首字母大写。故翻译为No matter what difficulties we may meet, we must no
112、t give up halfway.64. 经理承诺说如果我们提前完成这个项目，我们将会获得一大笔钱。（schedule）(汉译英)【答案】The manager promised that if we finished the project ahead of schedule, we would get a large sum of money.【解析】【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词（短语）、条件句、固定搭配及时态等。分析句子可知，应使用一般过去时。表达“经理”应使用可数名词manager，其前加the，表特指；表达“承诺”应使用动词promised（一般过去时），作谓语，其后跟that引
113、导的宾语从句；表达“如果”应使用时if引导的条件句；表达“提前”应使用固定搭配ahead of schedule，作条件句的状语；表达“完成这个项目”应使用动词短语finished the project（一般过去时），作条件句的谓宾；表达“将会”应使用would（一般过去时）；表达“获得”应使用动词get，在would之后用动词原形，作宾语从句谓语；表达“一大笔钱”应使用名词短语a large sum of money，作定语从句宾语。句子首字母大写。故翻译为The manager promised that if we finished the project ahead of schedule, we would get a large sum of money.
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