1、Direct speech 直接引语和间接引语&indirect speech引述别人的话语一般采用两种方式:一是原封不动地引用原话,把它放在括号内,这叫直接引语(Direct speech);一是用自己的话加以转述,这叫间接引语(Indirect speech).直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)陈述句Jane said,“Im very fond of traveling.”that引导的宾语从句Jane said that she wasvery fond of traveling.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)一般疑问句“Is this your umbrella,Mary?”
2、asked John.whether/if 引导的宾语从句John asked Mary ifthat was her umbrella.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)特殊疑问句“Mary,when will you return me the book?”asked John.wh-词引导的宾语从句John asked Mary when she would return him the book.由直接引语转变为间接引语,有时会引时态的变化,注意以下几个方面:直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时She often says,“All men and w
3、omen are equal under the law.”从句动词时态不变She often says that all men and women are equal under the law.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般现在时“I know it,”he said.一般过去时He said that he knew it.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在进行时“Immaking coffee for you all,”she said.
4、过去进行时She said she was making coffee for us all.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在完成时“I have seen her before,”said he.过去完成时He said he had seen her before.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:现在完成进行时He said,“I have beendoing it for hours.”过去完成进行时He said he had been doi
5、ng it for hours.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般过去时“I saw her last Monday,”he said.过去完成时He said he had seen her the previous Monday.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:过去进行时“I was waiting for Jim,”she said.过去完成进行时She said she had been waiting for Jim.直接引语(变化前)间接引语
6、(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:过去完成时“Do you know Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died?”Jack asked.过去完成时Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bed for many days till he died.直接引语(变化前)间接引语(变化后)主句动词为一般过去时引导动词为:从句动词时态相应变化从句动词变为:一般将来时He said:“We shallstart tomorrow.”过去将来时He said
7、they would start the next day.直接引语变见解引语时,时态要发生变化:一般现在时现在完成时现在进行时一般将来时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时过去进行时过去将来时过去完成时由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1.不变的真理The teacher said to the students,“Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.”The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.2.经常
8、的习惯：He said to the doctor,“I smoke two packs every day.”He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3.历史事件：The teacher said,“World War ended in 1945.”The teacher said that World War ended in 1945.4.部分情态动词,如must,ought to,used to,had better等：She said to me:“You must hurry up.”She said that I
9、 must hurry up.由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列代词、形容词、副词、动词等可能要变化直接引语间接引语thisthesenowagotodaytomorrowthat/thisthose/thesethenbeforethat day/today/yesterday(the)next day直接引语间接引语the day after tomorrowyesterdaylast nightthe day before yesterdaygobringherein two days timethe day beforethe night beforetwo days beforecome
10、/gobring/takethere/here1.“I like reading adventure stories,”said John.John said that he liked reading adventure stories.2.“I dont like computers,”Sarah said to her friend.Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.Exercise IExercise I3.“Ann,have you seen my blue notebook?”Peter asked.Peter
11、 asked Ann if she had seen his blue notebook.4.“How can you do that?”Mary said to Ann.Mary asked Ann how she could do that.5.“What difference does it make?”Peter asked Jim.Peter asked Jim what difference it made.1.Jack said to me,“You look worried today.”Jack told me that _ worried _.A.he lookstoday
12、 B.you looktoday C.we lookedthat day D.I lookedthat dayExercise IIExercise II2.We said to her,“Theyre walking through the street now.”We told her that _ through the street _.A.we were walkingthen B.you are walkingnow C.they were walkingthen D.they walkingnow 3.Mr Black said,“I have walked a long way
13、 this week.”Mr Black said that _ a long way _.A.I had walkedlast week B.he had walkedthat week C.I walkedlast week D.he has walkedthis week4.The man thought,“I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that _ take it back _.A.I shalltomorrow B.I shallthe next day C.he shouldtomorrow D.he would th
14、e next day 5.They said to us,“Are you afraid to leave this house?”They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house.A.that were wethis B.that we werethat C.if were we this D.if we werethat6.Jane said,“What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked _ about _.A.that he hearda week ago B.what he had heardthe week
15、 before C.what he had herd a week ago D.if he heardthe week ago7.She asked,“Whose house will he break into next time?”She asked whose house _ break into _.A.will henext time B.would hethe next time C.he wouldthe next time D.he willnext time 8.Jack said to her,“Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack
16、asked her where _ holidays.A.she spent her B.you spend your C.she spend her D.you spent your9.Black asked me,“Why havent you left here yet?”Black asked me why _ yet.A.I hadnt left there B.I havent left here C.hadnt I left there D.havent I left here 10.The teacher asked her,“Does the sun rise in the east?”The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east.A.ifrise B.ifrises C.whetherrose D.whether did rise