1、2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (1)Biodiversity conservation conversation生物多样性保护对话主题语境：人与自然 主题语境内容：人与环境，人与动植物【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）Chinasapprovalon the “Kunmingdeclaration (昆明宣言)” goes beyond its name. Signed by over100countries in October, thepledge（誓言）set thetonefor COP15, the largest UN biodive
2、rsitygatheringin a decade. Theconference, taking place in two parts, is being hosted by China for the first time. Its second meeting wasscheduledfor April but also looks likely to be postponed（推迟）. The host city is the capital of Yunnan, a south-western province that is ashowcase (展示)of the biodiver
3、sity that China needs topreserve, fromsteamyjungleto mountainglaciers.As aforum（论坛）in which China candemonstrateits green leadershipcertification (资格), COP15has a special appeal. The country isalertto the importance of global norms (规范) on reducing climate change. Even when indisputeon other matters
4、, America and China have shown cooperationon limitingemissions (排放). The theme for Kunming is itshomegrownidea ofsustainable(可持续的)growth: “ecological civilization（生态文明）”.The term was written into Chinasconstitution (宪法)in2018, suggesting how central it now is in guiding development. The Kunmingdecla
5、rationis filled with other favourite greeningconceptsof Beijing, including the “two-mountains theory”. This states that “green mountains are gold mountains”: that is, the environment can no longer be sacrificed for development.For decades, China pursued single-minded economic growth, which allowed m
6、illions to lift themselves out of poverty. But pollution damaged wildlife andhabitats. More than one in five surviving species facesextinction. In the five decades to2000over half of the countrys mangroves (红树林) disappeared. Some90% of grasslands are at varying stages of degradation（退化） or desertifi
7、cation（荒漠化）, and almost half of wild-animal populations are in decline,killedby theillegaltradein wildlife.Yet, despite the damage of urbanization（城市化）, China has much left to protect. It is home to10% of the worlds plant species,14% of animal ones and20% of fish. At the second meeting, representati
8、ves will set goals for2030topreserveglobal plant and animal life. In October Chinas President launched the Kunming biodiversity Fund, to which China has contributed1.5bn yuan ($230m). Chinas President also announced the formal opening of five national parks,covering230,000sq km, home to over a quart
9、er of Chinasterrestrial(陆生的)wildlife species. Still, Chinas broadercommitmentis far from clear. In2020, in a speech to the UN General Assembly, Chinas Presidentunexpectedlycommittedthe country to carbonneutrality（碳中和）by2060. Then in September he announced that the country would not finance new coal
10、projects abroad. But for now, China remains the largest consumer of coal andemitterof carbon dioxide.Greenpeace called the Kunmingdeclaration“a toothless tiger”.Keeping citizens happy is becoming a powerfulincentive（动机）for China. They are complaining about more thanpollutedwater andpoisonousair. The
11、 globaldebateabout the origins of covid-19has put a focus on the costs of destroyinghabitatsand trading wildlife. In February2020Chinaslegislature(立法机关)expandedthescope（范围）of its wildlifeprotectionlaw to ban theconsumptionof almost all wild animals. 【课标词汇】1. approval赞成；同意；称许He showed his approval by
12、 smiling broadly.他持赞成的态度，这从他开心的微笑就看得出来。Alan is someone who always needs the approval of other people.艾伦这个人做甚么事都希望得到别人的赞许。2. Sign 签（名），署（名）；签署，签字He signed his name at the end of the letter.他在信的末尾签上了自己的名字。She said the painting was by Picasso, but it wasnt signed.她说这幅画是毕卡索创作的，但画上没有他的签名。3. schedule为安排时间
13、；安排，排定The meeting has been scheduled for tomorrow afternoon.会议安排在明天下午。The train is scheduled to arrive at 8.45, but its running twenty minutes late.火车预定于8：45到达，但今天会误点20分钟。4. Preserve保护，维护；保存；保养We want to preserve the character of the town while improving the facilities.我们想在改善市镇设施的同时保存其特色。The agreeme
14、nt preserved our right to limit trade in endangered species.这项协定保留了我们限制濒危物种贸易的权利。5. demonstrate展示，演示Hes got a job demonstrating kitchen equipment in a department store.他找到一份在百货店示范厨房设备的工作。 Theyll be demonstrating how to handle modern, high performance cars.他们将要演示如何操控现代化的高性能汽车。6. appeal吸引力，趣味性Parties
15、on river-boats have lost their appeal since one sank last year killing thirty-three people.去年一艘游船沉没导致33人丧生，从那时起，河上泛舟游乐会已失去了吸引力。The programme has a very wide appeal .这个节目广受欢迎。7. alert机警的，机敏的，敏捷的Parents should be alert to sudden changes in childrens behaviour.父母应该对孩子行为的突然变化有所警觉。Taking notes is one of
16、the best ways to stay alert in lectures.记笔记是听课集中注意力的最佳方法之一。8. in dispute 正在受到怀疑的,在争论中;处于争议中I dont think her ability is in dispute, what I question is her attitude.我相信她的能力没有问题，但我怀疑她的态度。The facts of the case are still in dispute.这一案子的真相仍在争议中9. sacrifice牺牲；献出Working hard doesnt mean sacrificing your so
17、cial life.努力工作并不意味着牺牲你的社交活动。Many women sacrifice interesting careers for their family.许多女性为了家庭牺牲了自己感兴趣的工作。10. pursue追求，从事，实行He decided to pursue a career in television.他决心从事电视广播业。We need to decide soon what marketing strategy we should pursue for these new products.我们必须尽快决定对这些新产品采取何种行销策略。Michael Eva
18、ns is leaving the company to pursue his own business interests.麦克埃文斯准备离开这家公司，去自己创业。11. Poverty贫穷；贫困Millions of elderly people live in poverty .几百万老年人生活在贫困之中。There are many areas where the problems of poverty and unemployment still persist. 在很多地方，贫困和失业的问题依然存在。12. extinction灭绝；绝种The extinction of the
19、dinosaurs occurred millions of years ago.恐龙在几百万年前已经绝种Many species of plants and animals are in danger of/threatened with extinction (= being destroyed so that they no longer exist).多种动植物都面临绝种的危机。13. decline减少，降低:Spending on information technology has declined.用于信息技术的支出减少了。Car sales have declined by
20、a quarter.汽车销量下滑了四分之一。14. launch启动，推出，发起The scheme was launched a year ago.这项计划是一年前开始实施的。The organization has launched a campaign to raise $150,000.为了筹集 15 万美元，该组织发起了一场募捐活动。15. announce（尤指公开地）宣布，宣告，通告They announced the death of their mother in the local paper.他们在一家当地报纸上刊登了他们母亲去世的讣告。She announced the
21、 winner of the competition to an excited audience.她向激动的观众宣布了比赛的获胜者。16. commit承诺，保证；（使）忠于；（使）致力于；投入（时间或金钱）The government must commit itself to improving health care.政府必须致力改善医疗保健服务。Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully. 双方承诺和平解决争端。 17. finance向提供资金The local authority has ref
22、used to finance the scheme.地方政府拒绝为这项计划提供资金。The concerts are financed by the Arts Council.音乐会由艺术总会出资举办。18. debate讨论；争论They had been debating for several hours without reaching a conclusion.他们已经争论了好几个小时，仍然没有得出一个结论。He likes to debate issues with his friends.他喜欢跟朋友辩论各种问题。19. expand（使）（尺寸、数量或重要性）扩大，增加；（使
23、）膨胀The air in the balloon expands when heated.气球里的空气受热后膨胀。A childs vocabulary expands through reading. 孩子的词汇量通过阅读得到扩大。 20. ban （尤指官方）禁止The film was banned (= the government prevented it from being shown) in several countries.有几个国家都禁止播放这部电影。She was banned from driving for two years.她被禁止驾驶两年。【课标词汇精练】根
24、据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。1. The cause of the accident was still .2. He himself and so saved his country.3. We must encourage the planting of new trees and our existing woodlands.4. Instructors should new movements before letting the class try them.5. Students should their own interests ,
25、as well as do their school work.6. We need an effective strategy to fight .7. The film has great for young audiences.8. Parents must be to the symptoms of the disease. 9. Some people predict the of family life as we know it today.10. The authorities whether to build a new car park.11. Sam always tri
26、ed hard to win his fathers .12. Julie has up for courses on English and French this year.13. Meetings are to take place all over the country14. The building project will be by the government. 15. After the war, the city in importance.16. The police have an investigation into the incident17. I would
27、advise people to think very carefully about themselves to working Sundays.18. Canada will smoking in all offices later this year.19. Sydneys population rapidly in the 1960s.20. The Prime Minister has that public spending will be increased next year.Keys:1. in dispute事故的原因仍在争议之中。2. sacrificed他牺牲自己，以此
28、拯救了他的祖国。3. preserve我们必须鼓励栽种新树木，同时也要保护现有的林地。4. demonstrate 在班里的学员尝试新的动作前教练应该进行示范。5. pursue除了完成课业之外，学生也应该追求自己的兴趣。6. poverty我们需要制定一个有效的对策来与贫困作斗争。7. appeal这部电影对年轻观众有很大的吸引力。8. alert 家长必须对这种疾病的症状保持警觉。9. extinction一些人预言我们现在熟知的家庭生活方式将会消失。10. debated 政府有关部门就是否要修建一座新停车场进行了讨论。11. approval萨姆总是尽一切努力去赢得父亲的赞赏。12.
29、signed 茱莉已报名参加了今年开设的英语和法语课程。13. scheduled 会议安排在全国各地举行。14. financed 这个建筑项目将由政府出资。15. declined战后这座城市的重要性下降了。16. launched警方已对该事件展开调查。 17. committing 我建议大家慎重考虑一下答应周日工作的问题。18. ban 加拿大将从今年晚些时候起在办公场所全面禁烟。19. expanded 20 世纪 60 年代，悉尼的人口迅速增加。20. announced 首相已经宣布明年将增加公共开支。【译文】中国对“昆明宣言”的认可度远超过名称本身。10月，100多个国家签署
30、了这一承诺，为联合国十年来最大规模的联合国气候变化框架公约第十五次缔约方会议（COP15）定下了基调。(原定于2020年举行，但因新冠肺炎疫情多次推迟。)该会议分两部分举行，首次由中国主办。第二次会议原定于4月举行，但看起来也可能推迟。主办城市是云南省省会，云南是中国需要保护的生物多样性的西南展示省份，其范围跨度从潮湿的丛林到山地冰川。作为中国展示其绿色领导能力的论坛，COP15具有特殊的吸引力。中国对缓解气候变化的全球规范的重要性保持警惕。即使在其他问题上存在争议，美国和中国在限制排放方面也表现出了合作。昆明大会的主题是其可持续发展的本土理念:“生态文明”。该词于2018年被写入中国宪法，显
31、示出“生态文明”在指导发展方面的重要性。昆明宣言中充满了北京（中国）所推崇的其他绿化理念，包括“两山论”即“绿水青山就是金山银山”，也就是说，不能再为了发展牺牲环境。几十年来，中国一心一意追求经济增长，使数百万人摆脱了贫困。但是污染和过度开发伤害了野生动物、破坏了栖息地。超过五分之一的现存物种面临灭绝。到2000年的50年间，中国有一半以上的红树林消失了。大约90%的草原正处于不同程度的退化或荒漠化，近一半的野生动物数量正在减少，这些动物都因非法野生动物贸易而大量死亡。然而，尽管城市化带来了破坏，中国仍有很多存活下来的生物需要保护。中国是世界上10%的植物物种，14%的动物物种和20%的鱼类的
32、家园。在第二次会议上，代表们将为2030年制定保护全球动植物生命的目标。成败事关重大。今年10月，中国国家主席习近平正式启动了昆明生物多样性基金，中国已向该基金捐款15亿元(2.3亿美元)。中国国家主席还宣布，5个国家公园正式开放，占地23万平方公里，中国四分之一的陆生野生动物都生活在这些公园中。然而，中国更宽泛的承诺还远未明确。2020年，中国国家主席习近平在联合国大会上发表演讲，出人意料地承诺到2060年实现碳中和。今年9月，习主席宣布中国将不再投资海外新煤电项目。但就目前而言，中国仍是最大的煤炭消费国和二氧化碳排放国。绿色和平组织称昆明宣言是“一只没有牙齿的老虎”。让人民幸福正成为中国的
33、一个强大动力。人们抱怨不仅仅是污染的水和有毒空气。全球关于新冠肺炎疫情起源的辩论，人们将焦点放在了破坏栖息地和交易野生动物的代价上。2020年2月，中国立法机关扩大了野生动物保护法的范围，禁止几乎所有野生动物的消费。【背景知识】昆明宣言是联合国生物多样性公约第十五次缔约方大会的主要成果。于2021年10月13日，在该次大会第一阶段会议上通过。宣言承诺加快并加强制定、更新本国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划；优化和建立有效的保护地体系；积极完善全球环境法律框架；增加为发展中国家提供实施“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”所需的资金、技术和能力建设支持；进一步加强与联合国气候变化框架公约等现有多边环境协定的合作与协调行动，以推动陆地、淡水和海洋生物多样性的保护和恢复。宣言承诺，确保制定、通过和实施一个有效的“2020年后全球生物多样性框架”，以扭转当前生物多样性丧失，并确保最迟在2030年使生物多样性走上恢复之路，进而全面实现“人与自然和谐共生”的2050年愿景。