1、四、语法详解分词1.分词可分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词是动词的一种非谓语形式，它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征。在句中可以做定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。The girl standing there is my sister.(定语)站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹。We lived in a room facing south.(定语)我们住在一间朝南的房间里。The news was disappointing.(表语)那个消息令人失望。The story sounds interesting.(表语)那故事听起来很有趣。Being ill, she didnt go to school t
2、oday.(状语)她今天生病了，所以没来上学。Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy.(状语)听到这个好消息，他高兴地跳了起来。They kept me waiting for a long time.(宾补)他们让我等了很久。We heard him singing in his room.(宾补)我们听见他在房间里唱歌。Better late than never.迟做总比不做好。2.过去分词是动词的另一种非谓语形式。过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或被状语修饰，在句中作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。There are many
3、fallen leaves on the ground.(过去分词作定语，表示动作的完成)。地上有许多落叶。This is a book written by a doctor.(过去分词作定语表被动)这是一位医生写的书。The door remained locked.(表语)门仍然锁着。He looked very excited.(表语)他看起来很兴奋。I must get my bike repaired.(宾补)我必须请人修理自行车。He was trying to make himself understood.(宾补)他努力想让别人听懂他的话。Mr Green, deeply m
4、oved, thanked us again and again.(状语)格林先生深为感动，一再向我们表示感谢。Heated, water turns into steam.(状语)水加热时变成水蒸气。3.需要注意的几个问题：(1)现在分词有自己的被动时和完成时。Having suffered such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.这条河遭受了如此沉重的污染，现在要治理可能为时已晚。(2)分词的逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。Having been trapped in traffic, he was late for work.因为交通拥挤，他上班迟到了。(3)分词的否定形式是在分词前加“not”。Not having received his reply, I rang him up again.没有收到他的回信，我又给他打了电话。
