1、2022高三英语开学摸底考试卷第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. 19. 15.B. 9. 18.C. 9. 15.答案是 C。1. How did the woman feel during the first two days in Thailand? A. Upset.B. Happy.C. Tired.2. Where
2、does the conversation take place? A. In a bookstore.B. In a shop.C. In a restaurant.3. Why did the man go to Beijing last weekend?A. To meet his friend.B. To do shopping.C. To have lunch.4. Whats the relationship between the woman and Frank Lin? A. Colleagues.B. Classmates. C. Teacher and student. 5
3、. What does the man mean? A. He has been out of job.B. He dislikes his present job.C. He refuses the job offered.第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How did the woman use to go to work?
4、 A. By bus.B. By car.C. On foot.7. What are the speakers mainly talking about?A. Saving traffic fares.B. Protecting the earth.C. Riding the bus.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。 8. Why is Kate going to the library?A. To borrow some poetry books.B. To write poems about America.C. To get something for her paper.9. What
5、 did the man do last weekend?A. He went out with his mother. B. He saw the science fiction film.C. He went to the Odeon Cinema.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10. What class does the woman take? A. English.B. Spanish.C. Art.11. How many times a week does the man go to school? A. Once.B. Twice.C. Three times.12. Wh
6、ere does the woman work on weekends? A. At the library.B. At the grocery store.C. At the zoo.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13. What do we know about the woman?A. She knew nothing about the band.B. She wants to join the band, too.C. She was a member of the band.14. How old was the man when he started to play base
7、 guitar? A. 15.B. 16.C. 2115. Where does the man usually play music? A. In the city theatres.B. On the town square.C. In local clubs.16. Why does the man join the band? A. To make money.B. To have fun. C. To meet stars.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. Where will the classical concert take place?A. In Building
8、1.B. In a gallery.C. In Building 2.18. What is Larry Higgins?A. A musician.B. A painter. C. A writer.19. When will Victoria present her pictures?A. At 12.B. At 3 pm.C. At 5 pm.20. What event will be held at 4 pm?A. The classical concert.B. The show for children.C. The modern art exhibition.第一部分 听力（共
9、两节，满分30分）15 BCACA 610 BCCAA 1115 BBABC 1620 BACAB听力原文Example:M: Excuse me, can you tell me how much the shirt is?W: Yes, its nine fifteen.Text 1M: Hows your holiday in Thailand?W: Well, in the first two days, I went to many places of interest and enjoyed myself. However, I had to stay at the hotel f
10、or three rainy days before I went back.Text 2W: Ill pass on your praise to our manager right away, sir. Dont forget to take your book and the bag on the table with you.M: Thanks for your reminding. This Friday evening, well come here for the fish, which is our favorite.Text 3M: Last weekend I took t
11、he train to Beijing to meet my friend and he invited me to have lunch. How about you?W: I went there too. I just went window shopping with my friends, but I didnt buy anything. Im trying to save money.Text 4W: Hey! George. Recognize me? My name is.M: Oh! Its you, Martha! We were in the same class wh
12、en we were in junior high school. Our head teacher was Frank Lin. So you are working here as a manager?Text 5W: How are things?M: Not that great. Im looking for a new job actually. W: Really? Thats a shame.M: I know. I really liked that job.Text 6M: Hi, Claire. How is riding the bus?W: It is easy. C
13、atching the bus and transferring is no problem.M: How long does it take to get to school?W: It only takes 30 minutes. In the past, I would drive to work, and it sometimes took longer than that. And of course it cost much more.M: So will you ride the bus all the time?W: Yes, I will. It is also enviro
14、nment-friendly. All of us should have a try.Text 7M: Good afternoon, Kate. Where are you heading?W: Hi, there. Im going to the library to look up some information about poetry. You know, Ive been writing a paper about American poetry recently. M: Oh, great! By the way, the Odeon Cinema is showing a
15、science fiction film at 6:30 pm tomorrow. Would you like to come and see it? W: Yes, of course! I enjoy watching these movies.M: OK. Can we meet at 5:30 pm? Well be able to buy snacks and have some coffee at the coffee shop near the cinema. Last weekend I went to the shop when I accompanied my mothe
16、r to do shopping. W: Great idea! Thank you for the invitation. See you tomorrow. Text 8M: So how are you doing?W: Good. Do you study here?M: Yes, Ive been learning Spanish and taking an art class. What about you?W: I am taking an English class. How many times a week do you go to school?M: Well, I us
17、ually go to school on Mondays and Wednesdays. How often do you go to school?W: I always go three times a week, on Monday, Tuesday and Friday. I sometimes study at the library on the weekend evening.M: Where do you work?W: I work at the grocery store on the weekend. What are you doing?M: Im working a
18、t the library on the weekend morning and volunteering at the zoo in the afternoon.Text 9W: I heard you have joined a band? M: Yeah. W: Could you tell me something about the band?M: Well, its called Swedish Bubblegum Punk Band.W: Oh? Ive never heard of it before. What exactly is that?M: I dont know,
19、but people always call it like this.W: OK, sounds interesting. What do you play in your band?M: Base guitar.W: How long have you been playing it?M: Well, when I was 15, I began playing the violin and one year later, I learnt to play base guitar. I found it so appealing. Ive played it for five years.
20、W: Im sure you will be a great rock star. Are there any other instruments you can play?M: Of course, erhu, a Chinese musical instrument.W: Wow, so nice! Do you tour or do you just play where you live?M: Well, most of time, we play in local clubs, sometimes on the city square and sometimes in the loc
21、al theatres. W: Whats the best thing about being a musician in the band?M: Well, though I can get paid sometimes and often meet famous stars, I do it just for fun and relaxation. After all, playing music is my hobby, not my full-time job.Text 10Welcome to the annual Festival of Western Art. The fest
22、ival will start at 3 pm with the classical concert where the violinists from different countries of Eastern Europe will perform a range of works of classical music. If you wish to attend this concert, please go to the second floor of Building 1 at 2:45 pm. No latecomers are admitted.For those of you
23、 interested in literature, Larry Higgins will be reading his own works from 5 oclock onward. Besides his best-known short stories, today Mr. Higgins will read some of his favorite abstracts. You will be able to buy copies of his stories at the bookshop.If painting is your interest, you may visit the
24、 modern art exhibition. There at noon a famous painter Victoria Serebryanska will present her pictures. Visitors interested in meeting Victoria Serebryanska should go to the far end of the gallery.The show for children which will include special children entertainment of music, dance and drama is go
25、ing to start at 4 pm in the hall of Building 2. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。ABest Gifts to Children This SeasonMarble (弹珠游戏) CircuitWith brightly colored pieces and a seemingly simple layout, Marble Circuit doesnt present as a tough logic gamebut dont
26、underestimate (低估) its difficulty. After drawing a challenge card, players must arrange pieces and fill in holes on the game board to allow the right number of marbles to run through the channels and into each box at the bottom of the board. Because it requires more patience and abstract, special th
27、inking skills than some other kinds of logic puzzles, Marble Circuit is recommended for the over-8 crowd. (Mind Ware, $ 24. 95)BotzeesKids can follow directions or use their imaginations to build a robot out of the 130 blocks, and then command it to dance, sing, drum and light up with the companion
28、app on a smart device (设备) or tablet. Though the robot-building appealed to younger testers, kids aged 5 and up enjoyed the toys advanced features (特色). (Pai Technology, $ 99. 99)How to Code a RollercoasterJust as coding can be used to tell stories, this is a story about coding. This picture book do
29、es a good job of introducing and explaining what code is, how computers understand it, and introducing common coding termsvariables, loops, if/then. The volume is part of the popular “Girls Who Code” series, but intended for the younger reader. (Penguin Random House, $ 17. 99)Code Like a GirlMiriam
30、Peskowitz features women in the computer science field in this how-to book. It shows how people are working to make tech a more inclusive place to code. Written with a cookbook-like feel, the book provides encouraging, step-by-step tips and tricks for learning the Python computer language, and more.
31、 (Penguin Random House, $ 21. 99)21What can we know about the gifts?ABotzees enables its players to build a robot as they want.BMarble Circuit is an easy logic game for those 7-year-olds.CHow to Code a Rollercoaster is written by a famous writer.DCode Like a Girl is about female scientists achieveme
32、nts.22Which gift can you buy with a budget of $ 20?ABotzees.BHow to Code a Rollercoaster.CCode Like a Girl.DMarble Circuit.23What is the similarity of the last three gifts?AThey are for teenagers.BThey are related to technology.CThey have the picture introductions.DThey can be bought on Penguin Rand
33、om House.【答案】【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四种适合送给孩子的礼物及它们的特色和价格。21A细节理解题。根据Botzees部分关键句“Kids can follow directions or use their imaginations to build a robot out of the 130 blocks”可知，孩子们可以按照指示或利用他们的想象力建造一个机器人。由此可知，利用Botzees，玩家可以根据自己的要求搭建机器人。故选A项。22B细节理解题。根据每一份礼物中的标价可知，“Marble (弹珠游戏) Circuit”需要$ 24. 95；“Botzees
34、”需要$ 99. 99；“How to Code a Rollercoaster”需要$ 17. 99；“Code Like a Girl”需要$ 21. 99。由此可推断出，如果你只有20美元的预算，可以买How to Code a Rollercoaster。故选B项。23B推理判断题。根据Botzees部分关键句“command it to dance, sing, drum and light up with the companion app on a smart device (设备) or tablet”可知，你可以在智能设备或平板电脑上命令机器人跳舞和唱歌，由此可知，Botze
35、es与技术有关。根据How to Code a Rollercoaster部分关键句“This picture book does a good job of introducing and explaining what code is”可知，这本书介绍和解释了什么是代码。由此可知，它也与技术有关。根据Code Like a Girl部分关键句“It shows how people are working to make tech a more inclusive place to code.”可知，这本书展示了人们如何努力使科技成为一个更具包容性的编码场所。由此可知，它也与技术有关。由此
36、可推断出，最后三个礼物的相似之处在于它们都与技术有关。故选B项。B I opened the big steel door to the schools front office. My hands were a bit sweaty, my heart was pounding in my chest, and my throat and tongue felt tense and dry. It was the first day of school. No, not for me as a student, but rather, for me as a first time readi
37、ng tutor（助教）volunteering with the Experience Corps program.Im so proud to be part of such a worthwhile educational organization. The Experience Corps developed a research-based, statistically proven reading improvement program which consists of fun reading games. In the games, Id play with each chil
38、d and they didnt even realize that they were actually learning and improving their readingwe were having too much fun!Ms. R,（as they called me）, I read my book to my dog, Sunny, and she really liked it, too. Great! Thats the ideakeep on reading to others at home to increase accuracy and fluency. Ms.
39、 R, my mom has a baby in her belly. Im going to be a big sister and will read to him when he comes out. That one made me feel all warm and sweet, and I told the student that she would be the best big sister ever. Ms. R, why do you have gray hair? I love the frankness of kids. I just laughed and told
40、 them it was better to have gray hair than no hair! We all giggled（傻笑）at that.The students were tested throughout the year, and results showed that they were making progress in their reading. I hope I played at least a small part in their academic success. When I first volunteered to tutor, I was a
41、bit anxious. I had no teaching experience, but I found out that you dont need any. All you need is the willingness to give of yourself and a desire to work one-on-one with these children who so desperately want to please you.24How did the author feel when first working as a reading tutor?ACurious.BN
42、ervous.CSatisfied.DPleased.25Whats the main task of the author in the school?AHelping improve the reading program.BTeaching students knowledge of all the subjects.CPlaying various outdoor games with the students.DOffering reading guidance under the program.26Whats the purpose of paragraph 3?ATo desc
43、ribe the pleasure of being a reading tutor.BTo state how the Experience Corps program works.CTo show how close the students are to the volunteer tutor.DTo explain the difficulties and hardship of teaching.27In the authors view, what is the key to being a good reading tutor?AExperience.BDevotion.CKno
44、wledge.DDiligence.【答案】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了作者充当阅读指导员的经历。24B推理判断题。根据第一段“My hands were a bit sweaty, my heart was pounding in my chest, and my throat and tongue felt tense and dry.（我的手有点出汗，我的心怦怦直跳，我的喉咙和舌头感到紧张和干燥。）”中的tense可知，作者第一次做阅读指导员的时候，是非常紧张的（nervous）。故选B项。25D 细节理解题。根据第二段“The Experience Corps develo
45、ped a research-based, statistically proven reading improvement program which consists of fun reading games. In the games, Id play with each child and they didnt even realize that they were actually learning and improving their readingwe were having too much fun!（Experience Corps开发了一个基于研究及统计证明的阅读改进程序
46、，其中包括有趣的阅读游戏。在游戏中，我和每个孩子一起玩，他们甚至没有意识到他们实际上是在学习和提高他们的阅读能力-我们玩得太开心了！）”可知，作者的主要任务是在某阅读程序下给读者提供阅读指导。故选D项。26A 推理判断题。第三段主要描述了作者作为阅读指导员跟孩子相处的快乐点滴，因此可知第三段的主要目的是描述成为一名阅读指导员的乐趣。故选A项。27B 细节理解题。根据最后一段“All you need is the willingness to give of yourself and a desire to work one-on-one with these children who so
47、desperately want to please you.（你所需要的就是愿意付出，并且渴望与这些拼命想取悦你的孩子们一对一地工作。）”中的the willingness to give of yourself可知，作者认为一个好的阅读指导员的必备素质是奉献（devotion）。故选B项。COne billion people in the world are short of water. How can this problem be solved. Some suggestions have been to desalinate ocean water or to build eno
48、rmous water pipelines from areas where water is abundant. (Suggestions such as these prove extremely expensive when they are actually used.) One possibility that scientists are considering is pulling icebergs from either the North Pole or the South Pole to parts of the world with a water shortage. A
49、lthough many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future.Engineers, mathematicians, and glaciologists from a dozen countries have been considering the iceberg as a future source of water. Saudi Arabia is particularly i
50、nterested in this project because it has a great water shortage. Scientists estimate that it would take 128 days to transport a large iceberg (about 1/2 square mile) to Saudi Arabia. Yet the iceberg would be completely melted by the 104th day. Therefore, insulation would be essential, but how to ins
51、ulate the iceberg remains an unsolved problem.The problems in transporting an iceberg are numerous. The first problem is choosing the iceberg to pull. The icebergs that form in the North Pole are quite difficult to handle because of their shape. Only a small portion extends above the water most of t
52、he iceberg is below the surface, which would make it difficult to pull. South Pole icebergs, on the other hand, are flat and float like table tops. Thus they would be much easier to move.How can a 200-million-ton iceberg be moved. No ship is strong enough to pull such enormous weight through the wat
53、er. Perhaps several ships could be used. Attaching ropes to an iceberg this size is also an enormous problem. Engineers think that large nails or long metal rods could be driven into the ice. What would happen if the iceberg splits into several pieces during the pulling. Even if an iceberg with very
54、 few cracks were chosen, how could it be pulled through stormy waters. Furthermore, once the iceberg reached its destination, very few ports would be deep enough to store it.All of these problems must be solved before icebergs can become a reasonable source of water. Yet scientists estimate that it
55、will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the worlds water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility.28What is a problem i
56、n transporting iceberg?AThe size of the iceberg.BThe colour of the iceberg.CThe salt in the iceberg.DThe movement of air and water.29What is the author attitude towards transporting iceberg?APessimistic.BObjective.COptimistic.DUnconcerned.30What does the last paragraph mainly tell us?AIt is hard to
57、use iceberg.BIceberg are a good choice.CThere are problems with iceberg.DMan finds no other ways to solve water shortage.31What can be a suitable title for the text?AShortage of water.BIcebergs for water.CScientists and icebergs.DIcebergscientists headache.【答案】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述科学家们对运输冰山作为解决淡水资源缺乏问题
58、提出的假设以及可能性，并且认为解决了一系列问题之后，这一办法是可行的。28A 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“How can a 200-million-ton iceberg be moved. No ship is strong enough to pull such enormous weight through the water. Perhaps several ships could be used. Attaching ropes to an iceberg this size is also an enormous problem.(一座2亿吨重的冰山怎么能移动呢？没有一艘足够坚
59、固的船能把如此巨大的重量拉过水面。也许可以使用几艘船。把绳子系在这么大的冰山上也是一个巨大的问题)”可知，运输冰山的过程中由于冰山体积过大，运输将有难度，这将是运输过程中存在的一个问题。故选A项。29C 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future. (尽管在尝试这样一个项目之前必须回答许多问题，但在未来移动冰山似乎是一种合理的可能性)”
60、和最后一段“As a solution to the worlds water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility. (作为解决世界水问题的办法，冰山可能是可行的)”可知，作者认为作为解决世界用水问题的办法，移动冰山是一种合理的可能性，是可行的，所以可以推断作者对此方法持乐观积极的态度。A. Pessimistic悲观的；B. Objective客观的；C. Optimistic乐观的；D. Unconcerned不关心的。故选C项。30B 段落大意题。根据最后一段“All of these problems must be sol
61、ved before icebergs can become a reasonable source of water. Yet scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year, enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a soluti
62、on to the worlds water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility. (在冰山成为合理的水源之前，所有这些问题都必须得到解决。然而，科学家们估计，在不久的将来，它们将有可能被运输。每年都有足够的冰山形成，为全世界提供一整年的淡水。此外，冰山是免费和无污染的。作为解决世界水问题的办法，冰山可能是可行的)”可知，Yet后面是该段的重点，讲述虽然有很多问题有待解决，但是科学家们认为运输冰山是有可能的，并且冰山上的水是充足的、免费且无污染的，所以该段主要告诉我们用冰山解决世界上淡水缺乏的问题是一个好的选择。故选B项。31B 标
63、题判断题。根据第一段中“Although many questions must be answered before such a project could be tried, moving icebergs seems a reasonable possibility in the future. (尽管在尝试这样一个项目之前必须回答许多问题，但在未来移动冰山似乎是一种合理的可能性)”和最后一段“Yet scientists estimate that it will be possible to transport them in the near future. Each year,
64、 enough icebergs form to supply the whole world with fresh water for a full year. In addition, icebergs are free and nonpolluting. As a solution to the worlds water problems, icebergs may be a workable possibility. (然而，科学家们估计，在不久的将来，它们将有可能被运输。每年都有足够的冰山形成，为全世界提供一整年的淡水。此外，冰山是免费和无污染的。作为解决世界水问题的办法，冰山可能是
65、可行的)”和全文内容可知，文章主要讲述科学家们对运输冰山作为解决淡水资源缺乏问题提出的假设以及可能性，并且认为解决了一系列问题之后，这一办法是可行的。所以B选项“Icebergs for water(用冰山上的水)”概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选B项。DMost animals living in crowded conditions have particularly strong immune systems, so it long puzzled researchers that honeybees do not.Part of the answer, discovered in
66、2015, is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens to them before they are laid. These act as antigens to trigger the development of a protective immune response in the developing young. But that observation raises the question of how the queen r
67、eceives her antigen supply in the first place? Dr. Harwood wondered if the nurse bees were taking in parts of pathogens and passing them to royal jelly they were producing while eating the food brought to the hive.To test this idea, he teamed up with a group at the University of Helsinki, in Finland
68、, led by Dr Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with baby bees to look after. Instead of honey, they fed the nurses on sugar water, and for three of the hives they added P. larvae, a bacterium causing a hive-killing dis
69、ease, to the sugar water.In this case, to stop such an infection happening, Dr Harwood and Dr Salmela heat-treated the pathogens and so killed them in advance. They also labelled the dead bacteria with a fluorescent dye, to track them easily. And, sure enough, it was confirmed that parts of P. larva
70、e were getting into royal jelly released by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water containing that.All told, these findings suggest that nurse bees are indeed, through their royal jelly, passing antigens onto the queen for vaccinating her eggs. They also mean the nurses are vaccinating b
71、aby bees as well, because baby bees, too, receive royal jelly for the first few days after they come out.32What does the underlined word “trigger in Paragraph 2 probably mean?ACut out.BSet off.CSlow down.DPut off.33Which is the main experimental subject in Paragraph 3?AQueen bees.BNurse bees.CBee eg
72、gs.DBaby bees.34Why was P. larvae added to the sugar water? ATo test if it would cause a hive-killing disease.BTo check how the bacterium would affect the hive.CTo see whether the target bees would favor the taste.DTo confirm the bees would pass pathogens to royal jelly.35What is the text mainly abo
73、ut?AHow bees multiply.BHow antigens function.CHow bees get vaccinated.DHow immune system works.【答案】【分析】这是一篇说明文。人们此前发现蜂王在产卵前将致病病原体的部分蛋白质转移到卵中，从而为卵接种疫苗，而这个观察结果提出了一个问题：蜂王最初是如何接收抗原的？为此，科学家展开了研究，文章解释了研究开展的过程以及这些发现表明看护蜂确实通过蜂王浆将抗原传递给蜂王，让蜂王给她的卵接种疫苗。32B词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“Part of the answer, discovered in 2015, is
74、 that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens to them before they are laid.”以及画线词后文“he development of a protective immune response in the developing young”可知，2015年发现的部分答案是，蜂王在产卵前将致病病原体的部分蛋白质转移到卵中，从而为卵接种疫苗。它们作为抗原在发育中的幼体中引起保护性免疫反应的发展。故画线词意思是“引起”。A. Cu
75、t out.删除；B. Set off.引起；C. Slow down.减速；D. Put off.推迟。故选B。33B 细节理解题。根据第三段“To test this idea, he teamed up with a group at the University of Helsinki, in Finland, led by Dr Heli Salmela. Together, they collected about 150 nurse bees and divided them among six queenless mini hives equipped with baby be
76、es to look after. Instead of honey, they fed the nurses on sugar water, and for three of the hives they added P. larvae, a bacterium causing a hive-killing disease, to the sugar water.(为了验证这一想法，他与Heli Salmela博士领导的芬兰赫尔辛基大学的一个小组进行了合作。他们一起收集了大约150只看护蜜蜂，并将它们分成6个没有蜂王的小蜂巢，这些小蜂巢里有需要照顾的小蜜蜂。他们用糖水代替蜂蜜喂养看护蜂蜜，并
77、在其中的三个蜂巢中加入了一种能导致蜂房死亡疾病的P. larvae细菌)”可知，第三段的主要实验主题是看护蜜蜂。故选B。34D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And, sure enough, it was confirmed that parts of P. larvae were getting into royal jelly released by those bees which had been fed with the sugar water containing that.( 果然，证实了P. larvae的一部分进入了那些用含有糖水喂养的蜜蜂所释放的蜂王浆)”可知，在糖水中添
78、加P. larvae是为了确认蜜蜂会把病原体传给蜂王浆。故选D。35C 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Part of the answer, discovered in 2015, is that queen bees vaccinate their eggs by moving parts of proteins from disease-causing pathogens to them before they are laid. These act as antigens to trigger the development of a protective immune response i
79、n the developing young. But that observation raises the question of how the queen receives her antigen supply in the first place?( 2015年发现的部分答案是，蜂王在产卵前将致病病原体的部分蛋白质转移到卵中，从而为卵接种疫苗。它们作为抗原在发育中的幼体中触发保护性免疫反应的发展。但这个观察结果提出了一个问题：蜂王最初是如何接收抗原的？)”结合文章说明了人们此前发现蜂王在产卵前将致病病原体的部分蛋白质转移到卵中，从而为卵接种疫苗，而这个观察结果提出了一个问题：蜂王最初
80、是如何接收抗原的？为此，科学家展开了研究，文章解释了研究开展的过程以及这些发现表明看护蜂确实通过蜂王浆将抗原传递给蜂王，让蜂王给她的卵接种疫苗。可知，文章主要讲的是蜜蜂如何接种疫苗。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 When it comes to having fun in the sun, its easy to lose track of time. If youre not careful, this can be quite dangerous.36 But it can easily
81、 be prevented all you need is a little sunscreen.37 People have been using chemical pastes to protect themselves from the sun for centuries. But the first modem sunscreen sold on the market was offered by French company: Loreal in 1935.Several other companies were quick to release their own sunscree
82、ns. Perhaps the biggest advancement in the world of sunscreen came in the 1970s, when scientists started looking at the sun protection factor, or SPF. 38The advantages of using sunscreen are obvious. It limits the painful effects of sunburn. 39 Millions of people have died from skin cancer caused by
83、 ultraviolet rays from the SUITL. Remember to apply sunscreen 30 minutes before going outside.Unfortunately, there are many mistaken ideas about sunscreen. 40 Some also think you only need to put it on once for a whole days protection or that you dont need it on cloudy days. None of these things are
84、 true. Experts say you should apply sunscreen every two hours when outside- in the daytime, no matter how dark your skin is or what the weather is like.AAnd it can even save your life.BSunscreen is not exactly a recent invention.CChoosing a sunscreen isnt as simple as it used to be.DIn direct sunlig
85、ht, sunburn can occur in less than 15 minutes.E. This rating is a number that shows how effective a sunscreen is.F. Its believed that you dont need much sunscreen if you have dark skin.G. Some think a good method is to cover as much as possible with protective clothing.【答案】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了防晒霜，介绍了
86、防晒霜的作用、历史、好处以及一些错误观念等。36D 根据上文“When it comes to having fun in the sun, its easy to lose track of time. If youre not careful, this can be quite dangerous.(说到在阳光下玩得开心，人们很容易忘记时间。如果你不小心，这可能是相当危险的)”以及后文“But it can easily be prevented all you need is a little sunscreen.(但这很容易预防你所需要的只是一点点防晒霜)”可知，上文提到在阳光下玩耍
87、不注意会很危险，后文提到了防晒霜，可推测本句是在说明这一危险是晒伤。故D选项“在阳光直射下，不到15分钟就会被晒伤”符合语境，故选D。37B 根据后文“People have been using chemical pastes to protect themselves from the sun for centuries. But the first modem sunscreen sold on the market was offered by French company: Loreal in 1935.(几个世纪以来，人们一直使用化学浆糊来保护自己免受日晒。但1935年，法国公司欧
88、莱雅在市场上推出了第一款现代防晒霜)”可知，本段主要在说明防晒霜的发明历史，故B选项“防晒霜并不是最近才发明的”符合语境，故选B。38E 根据上文“Several other companies were quick to release their own sunscreens. Perhaps the biggest advancement in the world of sunscreen came in the 1970s, when scientists started looking at the sun protection factor, or SPF.(其他几家公司也迅速推出
89、了自己的防晒霜。也许防晒霜世界上最大的进步出现在20世纪70年代，当时科学家们开始研究防晒系数)”可知，上文提到了“防晒系数”一次，本句为本段最后一句，应承接上文继续对此进行解释说明，E选项中This rating对应上文中SPF。故E选项“这个等级是一个显示防晒霜的效果的数字”符合语境，故选E。39A 根据上文“The advantages of using sunscreen are obvious. It limits the painful effects of sunburn.(使用防晒霜的好处是显而易见的。它能减轻晒伤带来的痛苦)”以及后文“Millions of people h
90、ave died from skin cancer caused by ultraviolet rays from the SUITL. (数百万人死于SUITL的紫外线引起的皮肤癌)”可知，本段主要在说明防晒霜的益处，后文提到了很多人死于皮肤癌，可推测防晒霜还可以拯救生命，A选项中it指代上文sunscreen。故A选项“它甚至可以拯救你的生命”符合语境，故选A。40F 根据上文“Unfortunately, there are many mistaken ideas about sunscreen.(不幸的是，关于防晒霜有很多错误的观念)”以及后文“Some also think you
91、only need to put it on once for a whole days protection or that you dont need it on cloudy days. None of these things are true. Experts say you should apply sunscreen every two hours when outside- in the daytime, no matter how dark your skin is or what the weather is like.(也有些人认为你只需要涂一次就能保护一整天，或者阴天不
92、需要。这些都不是真的。专家说，在户外每两个小时就应该涂一次防晒霜在白天，无论你的皮肤有多黑或天气如何)”可知，本段主要是关于防晒霜的一些误解，故本句承接上文具体说明人们的误解是什么，F选项中you have dark skin对应后文中how dark your skin。故F选项“人们认为，如果你是深色皮肤，你不需要太多的防晒霜”符合语境，故选F。第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last year I went on holiday
93、 to Spain. But 41 , after two days in Madrid, I started to get severe 42 pain. I was in such suffering that I went to the local hospital for a(n) 43 .No sooner had I arrived than I was 44 to a small room, and I had not been waiting too long 45 a surgeon came to examine me. He didnt speak English and
94、 I only spoke a few words of Spanish. He 46 that I had to remove my clothes and he gave me one of those funny hospital gowns( 罩衣)which hardly 47 anything.He then asked me in Spanish if I was embarrassed. “Si, unpoco (Yes, a little)”, I replied with my face turning red. You see, not only did I feel e
95、mbarrassed at 48 my clothes in front of a stranger but also this 49 stranger was an extremely handsome man. He looked at me as though I was out of my 50 and then he quickly 51 down the passage.I was beginning to 52 what had happened to him when he suddenly reappeared, this time with a group of 53 st
96、udents, and again asked the same question in Spanish. Now I was feeling 54 , and shouted in English, “Yes, Im extremely embarrassed. I think you would 55 too if you had to talk to a crowd of strangers with almost no clothes on.” Then a female doctor in the group held my arm gently and 56 in perfect
97、English, “I think I see the problem. My 57 wants to take a photograph of your backan X-rayso he wants to know if you are 58 a baby. You see, embarazada means pregnant in Spanish.”No sooner had she told me this than I realized the 59 of the misunderstanding. We all had a 60 , although I must admit th
98、at I felt rather stupid as well.41AunbearablyBunfortunatelyCunwillinglyDunusually42AbackBarmCmuscleDstomach43AappointmentBexaminationCoperationDinstruction44AinvitedBcarriedCshownDwelcomed45AuntilBsinceCafterDbefore46AurgedBsaidCgesturedDinquired47AcoverBholdCfindDexpose48Atearing downBputting onCta
99、king offDthrowing away49AuniqueBparticularCawkwardDperfect50AmindBideaCheartDsight51AwavedBslidCscreamedDdisappeared52AfindBknowCseeDwonder53AmedicalBphysicalCexperiencedDamateur54AbetterBstrangeCupsetDdull55AhideBrunCcryDmind56AstatedBwhisperedCshoutedDprayed57AcolleagueBstaffCpatientDstudent58Adel
100、iveringBadoptingCtendingDexpecting59AresultBcauseCproblemDeffect60AcoldBmeetingClaughDjob【答案】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。本文记述了我去西班牙度假时突然胃疼，所以我立即去医院检查，却因为语言不通发生了一件滑稽的事，因为西班牙语中“尴尬”的发音等同于“怀孕”。41B 考查副词词义辨析。句意：很不幸地，在马德里待了两天后，我开始感到后背痛。A. unbearably难以忍受地；B. unfortunately不幸地； C. unwillingly不乐意；D. unusually不寻常地。故选B项。42A 考查名
101、词词义辨析。句意：去年我去西班牙度假，但是，不幸的是，在马德里两天后，我开始严重的背疼。A. back背部；B. arm胳膊；C. muscle肌肉；D. stomach胃部。根据下文的17题后面的take a photograph of your back-an X-ray 可知作者是后背感到痛。故选A项。43B 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我去一个当地的医院检查。A. appointment约定；B. examination检查；C. operation手术；D. instruction指导。结合local hospital可知，作者是去当地医院做检查。故选B项。44C 考查动词词义辨析。句意
102、：我一到医院就被引领到一个小房间。A. invited邀请；B. carried携带；搬；C. shown展示；D. welcomed欢迎。show 这里表示 “带领”，根据后面a small room可知是被带去了小房间。故选C项。45D 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我等了不久时间一个外科医生就开始给我检查。A. until直到；B. since自从；C. after在.之后；D. before在.之前。before 在之前。根据I had not been waiting too long可知应该是在医生检查之前我没有等太久。故选D项。46C 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他打个手势让我脱掉衣服。A
103、.urged督促；B.said说；C. gestured做手势；D. inquired询问。结合语境医生不会说英语而作者只会说几个西班牙单词，可以推测他是用手势告诉我脱掉衣服。故选C项。47A 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他给了我一个医院里常用的罩衣，而这个罩衣几乎会暴露身体。A. cover覆盖；B. hold拿着；C. find发现；D. expose暴露。根据下文的with almost no clothes on 可知罩衣几乎不能覆盖任何部位。故选A项。48B 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意是：在一个陌生人面前脱衣服我感到很尴尬。A. tearing down扯烂；B. putting on穿
104、上；C. taking off脱掉；起飞；D. throwing away扔掉。根据15题后面with almost no clothes on 可知此处是需要take off 脱（衣服）。故选C项。49B 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尤其是这个陌生人是个非常帅气的男人。A. unique独特的；B. particular特定的，特殊的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. perfect 完美的。根据this可知此处指的就是眼前这个特定的，特别的陌生人。故选B项。50A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他看着我，我好像灵魂出窍一般。A.mind心思；思想；脑海；B.idea观点；C.heart心灵；D.s
105、ight景象。根据out of 推测是我当时脱离在某种状态之外了。故选A项。51D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他迅速消失在了走廊。A. waved挥手； B. slid溜；C. screamed尖叫；D. disappeared消失。根据12题后面的reappeared可知这里医生是消失了。故选D项。52D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始想知道他刚才发生了什么事。A. find找到；B. know知道；C. see；D. 看见wonder想知道。根据what had happened to him可知当时我在想知道他发生了什么事。故选D项。53A 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这次他突然出现了
106、，和一群实习学生。A. medical医学的；B. physical身体的；C. experienced有经验的；D. amateur业余的。根据16题前面Then a female doctor in the group可知这群学生也是学医的。故选A项。54C 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在，我感觉到非常心烦意乱。A. better更好的；B. strange奇怪的；C. upset心烦意乱的，不安的；D. dull木的；呆的。根据句中shouted in English可知当时我是非常心烦的。故选C项。55D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想你也会介意如果你几乎没穿衣服又得和一群陌生人说话。A
107、. hide隐藏；B. run跑；C. cry哭；D. mind介意。根据前面我说很尴尬，可知是介意的。故选D项。56B 考查动词词义辨析。句意：用流利的英语低声说道。A. stated陈述；B. whispered低语，耳语；C. shouted大喊；D. prayed保佑。根据前面gently可知这个女医生说话也应该是轻声细语的。故选B项。57A 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的同事想给你的后背拍个X光片。A. colleague同事；B. staff全体成员；C. patient病人；D. student学生。根据and后的he可知是指前面的这个男医生，这个男医生和现在的女医生是同事关系。故
108、选A项。58D 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以，他想知道，你是否怀孕。A. delivering递；送；B. adopting收养；C. tending倾向；D. expecting期望，预料。根据下文的embarazada means pregnant in Spanish可知是想确认是否怀孕。expect a baby 怀孕，是固定搭配。故选D项。59C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我意识到了误会产生的原因。A.result结果；B.cause起因；C.problem问题；D.effect效果；影响。这里表示的是误解产生的原因。故选B项。60C 考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管我承认当时我感觉我相当
109、的愚蠢，但是我们都笑了。A. cold 感冒；B. meeting会议；C. laugh笑；D. job工作。结合语境，当时我们明白了造成误解后应该是哈哈大笑的。故选C项。【点睛】shout和scream辨析和用法如下：1）shout在英语里通常是指大喊，大叫。举两个例子：1. Someone shouted, “shes over here!”2. Two women were shouting at each other outside the supermarket. shout可形容求援的声音，但是亦特别表示愤怒的情绪。如：An apoplectic shout from her hu
110、sband that rang through the caf.整个咖啡馆都听到的她丈夫暴怒的叫嚷。2）scream，同样是指声音很大声，不过它强调声量的大多于声调的高。这个主要是用在因为某人受伤，恐惧或者生气时的喊叫，尖叫，指尖锐、刺耳的声音。举两个例子：1. There was a huge bang and people started screaming.2. Suddenly she screamed, “look out!”scream亦可以用来夸张地表示异常惊奇。例如：a scream of delight 快乐的欢呼第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，
111、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。A Chinese space mining company has designed a robot 61 can collect waste material left behind by spacecraft in outer space. The state-run Xinhua news agency 62(recent) reported that the robot launched on the governments Long March 6 rocket along 63 several satellites (卫星). I
112、t will also enter deep space to observe the small 64(universe) objects.The 30-kilogram robot, 65(call) NEO-01, was developed by a high-tech company, Origin Space. 66 company says the robot will use a big net to collect waste and then burn it, leading the way for future technologies capable of mining
113、 on asteroids (小行星). The worlds first asteroid mining company, Planetary Resources, was established in 2009. Since then, more than 12 businesses around the world 67 (enter) the industry. Su Meng, the 68 (found) of Origin Space, said the company plans to launch many space 69 (telescope) and more spac
114、ecraft to begin the first for-profit mining of asteroids by 2045.The Xinhua news agency reported that China was increasing efforts 70 (land) a spacecraft on a near-Earth asteroid to collect materials. China is also speeding up a plan to build a defense system against near-Earth asteroids.【答案】61that/
115、which62recently63with64universal65called66The67have entered68founder69telescopes70to land【分析】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了一家中国太空采矿公司设计了一种机器人，它可以通过一种大网捕获航天器在外太空留下的废弃物质。61. 考查定语从句。句意：中国一家太空采矿公司设计了一款机器人，可以收集航天器在外太空留下的废弃物。分析句子结构可知，此处为限定性定语从句，先行词是robot，指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或者which引导。故填that或which。62考查副词。句意：新华社最近报道说，这个机器
116、人和其他几颗卫星一起通过长征六号火箭发射升空。此处修饰动词reported，应用副词。故填recently。63考查固定短语。句意：新华社最近报道说，这个机器人和其他几颗卫星一起通过长征六号火箭发射升空。此处指的是机器人和其他几颗卫星一起，因此需要填入“一起”的意思，along with与一起为固定短语。故填with。64考查形容词。句意：它还将进入深空观察宇宙中的小物体。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词，应用形容词universal“宇宙中的”。故填universal。65考查非谓语动词。句意：这个重30公斤的机器人被称为NEO-01，是由一家名为Origin Space的高科技公司开发的。分
117、析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词，robot与call之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作定语。故填called。66考查冠词。句意：该公司表示，该机器人将使用一个大网收集废物，然后燃烧，为未来在小行星上采矿的技术开辟道路。此处特指前文出现的公司，应用定冠词。故填The。67考查时态与主谓一致。句意：从那时起，全球有超过12家企业进入该行业。根据时间状语为since then可知，应用现在完成时；主语为复数；故填have entered。68考查名词。句意：Origin Space的创始人苏孟说，该公司计划发射许多太空望远镜和更多的航天器，到2045年开始第一次以盈利为目的的小行星采矿。此处为Su
118、 Meng的同位语，应用名词founder“创立者”的单数形式。故填founder。69考查名词。句意：Origin Space的创始人苏孟说，该公司计划发射许多太空望远镜和更多的航天器，到2045年开始第一次以盈利为目的的小行星采矿。空格之前有many修饰，应用可数名词telescope的复数形式。故填telescopes。70考查非谓语动词。句意：新华社报道称，中国正在加大力度让航天器在近地小行星上着陆，以收集材料。分析句子结构可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式。故填to land。第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）假定英语课上老师要
119、求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共 有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在其下面写出修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。I admire the cellist Yo-Yo Ma. Born in Paris, France, in 1955, Ma started playing the cello the age of four. When he was
120、 seven, he moves with his family to New York City. They attended the Juilliard School, and then that he studied at Harvard University. Ma performed such professionally while studying that he started to become famously. Ma dreamed of connect people around the world through music. And in 1998, he foun
121、ded an organization calling the Silk Road Project, through what Ma gives cross-cultural music performances with musicians from places like Iran, Mongolia, and Italy. Through his work, Ma has helped people all over the world appreciate various type of music.【答案】1.cello后添加at2.movesmoved3.TheyHe4.去掉tha
122、t5.suchso6.famouslyfamous7.connectconnecting8.callingcalled9.whatwhich10.typetypes【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了大提琴家马友友的个人经历以及他在帮助世界各地的人们欣赏各种类型音乐方面做出的努力。【详解】1.考查介词。句意：马友友1955年出生于法国巴黎，4岁时开始演奏大提琴。结合句意表示“在岁时”短语为at the age of。故cello后添加at。2.考查动词时态。句意：七岁时，他举家搬到了纽约。根据上文When he was seven可知主句应用一般过去时。故moves改为moved。3.考查代
123、词。句意：他曾就读于茱莉亚音乐学院，然后又去了哈佛大学。根据后文“he studied at Harvard University”可知指马友友应用代词he，作主语。故They改为He。4.考查句子结构。句意：他曾就读于茱莉亚音乐学院，然后又去了哈佛大学。此处为and连接的并列句，不需要that。故去掉that。5.考查副词。句意：马友友的专业表演使他开始成名。修饰后文副词professionally，应用副词so，构成sothat引导结果状语从句。故such改为so。6.考查形容词。句意：马友友的专业表演使他开始成名。become为系动词，后跟形容词famous作表语。故famously改为
124、famous。7.考查非谓语动词。句意：马友友梦想着通过音乐将世界各地的人们联系起来。connect作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。故connect改为connecting。8.考查非谓语动词。句意：1998年，他创立了一个名为“丝绸之路项目”的组织，通过这个组织，他与来自伊朗、蒙古和意大利等地的音乐家进行了跨文化音乐表演。分析句子结构可知call在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语organization构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故calling改为called。9.考查定语从句。句意：1998年，他创立了一个名为“丝绸之路项目”的组织，通过这个组织，他与来自伊朗、蒙古和意大利等地
125、的音乐家进行了跨文化音乐表演。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词organization，作介词的宾语，指物，在“介词+关系代词”结构非限制性定语从句中只能用which引导。故what改为which。10.考查名词的数。句意：通过他的工作，马帮助世界各地的人们欣赏各种类型的音乐。type为可数名词，由various修饰应用复数。故type改为types。第二节 书面表达（满分25分）目前，电子产品已经成为我们日常生活的一部分，从而导致学生的汉字书写能力降低。为了保护传统民族文化汉字，校学生会提出倡议。请你根据以下内容提示，以学生会的名义为你校的同学们写一封英文倡议书。内容要
126、点：1. 多读书，勤记笔记；2. 养成练书写和写日记的习惯；3. 自拟一项其他方面的倡议内容。注意：词数100左右。参考词汇：汉字 Chinese character_【答案】Dear friends, In recent years, with the popularity of digital devices, students pay little attention to their handwriting. As a result, their handwriting is not so good as it was in the past. In order to protect
127、our Chinese characters and write both nicely and neatly, wed like to offer some suggestions.Firstly, spend less time online so that we can have more time to read and take notes. Moreover, wed better form the habit of practicing handwriting and keeping diaries every day. Besides, it is better to writ
128、e to our relatives and friends rather than send e-mails. As the saying goes, “The style is the man.” Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial to us students. So please attach great importance to our handwriting in future.Lets take action now!Students Council【分析】本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生以学生会的名义为你校的同学们写一封
129、英文倡议书，倡议同学们保护传统民族文化汉字。【详解】第1步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一封倡议书，要求考生以学生会的名义为你校的同学们写一封英文倡议书，倡议同学们保护传统民族文化汉字，文章中说明采取的具体措施。全文以一般现在时和第三人称为主。第2步：组织要点。1. 多读书，勤记笔记；2. 养成练书写和写日记的习惯；3. 其他方面的倡议内容：经常写信给亲戚朋友。第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为attach great importance to、pay little attention to handwriting、protect Chinese characters、offe
130、r some suggestions、spend less time online、practice handwriting and keep diaries、write to our relatives and friends等。写作时注意倡议书的格式和惯用语。第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化，并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇，如pay little atten
131、tion to、Chinese characters、practice handwriting、be beneficial to等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如非限制性定语从句As the saying goes, “The style is the man.”结果状语从句spend less time online so that we can have more time to read and take notes. 同时文章还运用了一些串联成分，如firstly、moreover等，这些串联词让各个要点更为紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。