1、贵州省贵阳市2016高考英语（二轮）阅读理解选练（5）及答案阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。 “People should have one meat-free day a week if they want to make a personal and effective sacrifice that would help deal with climate change,” the worlds leading authority on global warming has told The Observer.Dr Rajendra Pachauri,
2、 chair of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, said that people should then go on to reduce their meat consumption even further.Pachauri, who was re-elected the panels chairman for a second six-year term last week, said diet change was important because of the huge greenhous
3、e gas emissions (排放) and other environmental problems associated with raising cattle and other animals. “It was relatively easy to change eating habits compared to changing means of transport,” he said. The UNs Food and Agriculture Organisation has estimated that meat production accounts for nearly
4、a fifth of global greenhouse gas emissions. These are produced during the production. For example, ruminants (反刍动物), particularly cows, give off a gas called methane, which is 23 times more effective as a global warming agent than CO2.Pachauri can expect some opposite responses from the food industr
5、y to his advice, though last night he was given unexpected support by Masterchef presenter and restaurateur John Torode. “I have a little bit and enjoy it,” said Torode. “Too much for any person is bad. But theres a bigger issue here: where the meat comes from. If we all bought British and stopped b
6、uying imported food, wed save a huge amount of carbon emissions.”Professor Robert Watson, the chief scientific adviser for the Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs, said government could help educate people about the benefits of eating less meat, but it should not regulate. “Eating less
7、 meat would help, theres no question about that,” Watson said.However, Chris Lamb, head of marketing for pig industry group BPEX, said the meat industry had been unfairly targeted and was working hard to find out which activities had the biggest environmental impact and reduce them. “Some ideas were
8、 contradictory,” he said. “For example, one solution to emissions from cattle and other animals was to keep them indoors, but this would damage animal welfare. Climate change is a very young science and our view is there are a lot of simple solutions being proposed.”1. What is directly related to gl
9、obal warming?A. Consumption of meat. B. Growth of cattle. C. Methane from ruminants. D. Processing of meat.2. Who holds a view opposite to the others in the passage? A. Rajendra Pachauri.B. John Torode. C. Robert Watson. D. Chris Lamb. 3. It is implied in the passage that _. A. we should try to keep
10、 away from cattleB. ruminants should not be left outdoors C. the meat industry will soon close down D. we must do our duty to save the earth4. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A. Less meat, slower global warmingB. More animals, more greenhouse gas C. Less imported food,
11、 better our environmentD. Greater diet change, smaller climate change【参考答案】14、CDDA阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。 Hotel Icaria BarcelonaHotel LocationHotel Icaria Barcelona is 330 yards from Barcelonas Nova Icaria Beach. It is located in the Olympic Port area, a 10-minute walk from Ciutadella Pa
12、rk and Barcelona Zoo. Ciutadella Metro Station is half a mile away, and is just 2 stops from Barcelona Cathedral (大教堂) and the historic Gothic Quarter.Hotel FacilitiesGeneralRestaurant, 24-Hour Front Desk, Non-Smoking Rooms, Rooms / Facilities for Disabled Guests, Family Rooms, Luggage Storage, Smok
13、ing Area.ActivitiesSauna, Fitness Centre, Wellness Centre, Table Tennis, Hiking, Cycling, Steam Bath, Outdoor Swimming Pool.ServicesMeeting Facilities, Business Centre, Laundry, Dry Cleaning, VIP Room Facilities, Ironing Service, Fax / Photocopying, Ticket Service.InternetWi-fi is available in the e
14、ntire hotel and is free of charge.Hotel PoliciesThese are general hotel policies for Hotel Icaria Barcelona. As they may vary per room type, please also check the room description.Check in14:00 - 00:00 hours Check outUntil 12:00 hoursCancellation / PrepaymentCancellation and prepayment policies vary
15、 by room type. Please ENTER THE DATES OF YOUR STAY and check the conditions of your required room. Children and extra bedsOne child under 2 years stays free of charge in a baby cot (婴儿床).All children under 12 years stay free of charge when using existing bedding.One older child or adult is charged 3
16、4 per night and person in an extra bed.GroupsWhen booking more than 5 rooms, different policies and additional supplements may apply.Terms & ConditionsYour reservation is absolutely secure. All personal data is encrypted and will only be used to process your booking. For more information, read our P
17、RIVACY STATEMENT. B will not charge you any reservation fees for making this booking.5. Hotel Icaria Barcelona allows you easy access to the following EXCEPT _.A. the stadiums where you can have sportsB. the seaside where you can relax yourselfC. the places where you can take trains or busesD. the b
18、uilding where you can attend a religious service6. The underlined word “encrypted” in the last section probably means “_”.A. analysedB. stored C. collected D. protected 7. It can be inferred from the advertisement that _. A. smoking is completely forbidden in the hotelB. every room follows the same
19、hotel policiesC. policies may be in your favor if you book 6 roomsD. an extra bed can be provided for you free of charge【参考答案】5、A 67、DC 阅读下列短文，从每题后所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中，选出最佳选项。People diet to look more attractiveFish diet to avoid being beaten up, thrown out of their social group, and getting eaten as a re
20、sultThat is the fascinating conclusion of the latest research into fish behavior by a team of Australian scientistsThe research team has discovered that subordinate（低一等的） fish voluntarily diet to avoid challenging their larger competitors“In studying gobies we noticed that only the largest two indiv
21、iduals, a male and female, had breeding （繁殖） rights within the group,” explains Marian Wong“All other group members are nonbreeding females, each being 5-10% smaller than its next largest competitorWe wanted to find out how they maintain this precise size separation”The reason for the size differenc
22、e was easy to seeOnce a subordinate fish grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it causes a fight which usually ends in the smaller goby being driven away from the groupMore often than not, the evicted fish is then eaten upIt appeared that the smaller fish were keeping themselve
23、s small in order to avoid challenging the boss fishWhether they did so voluntarily, by restraining how much they ate, was not clearThe research team decided to do an experimentThey tried to fatten up some of the subordinate gobies to see what happenedTo their surprise, the gobies simply refused the
24、extra food they were offered, clearly preferring to remain small and avoid fights, over having a feastThe discovery challenges the traditional scientific view of how boss individuals keep their position in a groupPreviously it was thought that large individuals simply used their weight and size to t
25、hreaten their subordinates and take more of the food for themselves, so keeping their competitors smallWhile the habits of gobies may seem a little mysterious, DrWong explains that understanding the relationships between boss and subordinate animals is important to understand how hierarchical （等级的）
26、societies remain stableThe research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humansAs yet, we lack a complete understanding of how widespread the voluntary reduction of food intake is in nature, the researchers commentData on human dieting suggests that, while huma
27、ns generally diet to improve health or increase attractiveness, rarely does it improve long-term health and males regularly prefer females that are fatter than the females own ideal41When a goby grows to within 5-10% of the size of its larger competitor, it_Aleaves the group itself Bhas breeding rig
28、htsCeats its competitor Dfaces danger42The underlined words the evicted fish in Paragraph 3 refer to_Athe fish beaten up Bthe fish driven awayCthe fish found out Dthe fish fattened up43The experiment showed that the smaller fish_Afought over a feast Bpreferred some extra foodCchallenged the boss fis
29、h Dwent on diet willingly44What is the text mainly about?AFish dieting and human dieting BDieting and healthCHuman dieting DFish dieting【参考答案】41-44 DBDD 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Next time a customer comes to your office, offer him a cup of coffeeAnd when youre doing your holiday shopping o
30、nline, make sure youre holding a large glass of iced teaThe physical sensation（感觉） of warmth encourages emotional warmth, while a cold drink in hand prevents you from making unwise decisionsthose are the practical lesson being drawn from recent research by psychologist John ABarghPsychologists have
31、known that one persons perception（感知）of anothers “warmth” is a powerful determiner in social relationshipsJudging someone to be either “warm” or “cold” is a primary consideration, even beating evidence that a “cold” person may be more capableMuch of this is rooted in very early childhood experiences
32、, Bargh argues, when babies conceptual sense of the world around them is shaped by physical sensations, particularly warmth and coldnessClassic studies by Harry Harlow, published in 1958, showed monkeys preferred to stay close to a cloth “mother” rather than one made of wire, even when the wire “mot
33、her” carried a food bottleHarlows work and later studies have led psychologists to stress the need for warm physical contact from caregivers to help young children grow into healthy adults with normal social skillsFeelings of “warmth” and “coldness” in social judgments appear to be universalAlthough
34、 no worldwide study has been done, Bargh says that describing people as “warm” or “cold” is common to many cultures, and studies have found those perceptions influence judgment in dozens of countriesTo test the relationship between physical and psychological warmth, Bargh conducted an experiment whi
35、ch involved 41 college studentsA research assistant handed the students either a hot cup of coffee, or a cold drink, to hold while the researcher filled out a short information formThe drink was then handed backAfter that, the students were asked to rate the personality of “Person A” based on a part
36、icular descriptionThose who had briefly held the warm drink regarded Person A as warmer than those who had held the iced drink“We are grounded in our physical experiences even when we think abstractly,” says Bargh45According to Paragraph 1, a persons emotion may be affected by _Athe psychology lesso
37、ns he has Bhis physical feeling of coldnessCthe visitors to his office Dthe things he has bought online46The author mentions Harlows experiment to show that _Ababies need warm physical contact Bcaregivers should be healthy adultsCadults should develop social skills Dmonkeys have social relationships
38、47In Barghs experiment, the students were asked to _Awrite down their guesses Bevaluate someones personalityCfill out a personal information form Dhold coffee and cold drink alternatively48We can infer from the passage that _Aabstract thinking does not come from physical experiencesBfeelings of warm
39、th and coldness are studied worldwideCphysical temperature affects how we see othersDcapable persons are often cold to others49What would be the best title for the passage?ADrinking for Better Social RelationshipsBPhysical Sensations and EmotionsCExperiments of Personality EvaluationDDeveloping Bett
40、er Drinking Habits【参考答案】45-B 46-48、 ABC 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出最佳选项。Most mornings, the line begins to form at dawn: scores of silent women with babies on their backs, buckets balanced on their heads, and in each hand a bright-blue plastic jugOn good days, they will wait less than an hour befo
41、re a water tanker goes across the dirt path that serves as a road in Kesum Purbahari, a slum on the southern edge of New DelhiOn bad days, when there is no electricity for the pumps, the tankers dont come at all“That water kills people,” a young mother named Shoba said one recent Saturday morning, p
42、ointing to a row of pails filled with thick, caramel （焦糖）-colored liquid“Whoever drinks it will die” The water was from a pipe shared by thousands of people in the poor neighborhoodWomen often use it to wash clothes and bathe their children, but nobody is desperate enough to drink itThere is no stan
43、dard for how much water a person needs each day, but experts usually put the minimum at fifty litersThe government of India promises （but rarely provides） fortyMost people drink two or three litersless than it takes to wash a toiletThe rest is typically used for cooking and bathingAmericans consume
44、between four hundred and six hundred liters of water each day, more than any other people on earthMost Europeans use less than half thatThe women of Kesum Purbahari each hoped to drag away a hundred liters that daytwo or three buckets worthShoba has a husband and five children, and that much water d
45、oesnt go far in a family of seven, particularly when the temperature reaches a hundred and ten degrees before noonShe often makes up the difference with bottled water, which costs more than water delivered any other waySometimes she just buys milk; its cheaperLike the poorest people everywhere, the
46、people of New Delhis slums spend a far greater percentage of their incomes on water than anyone lucky enough to live in a house connected to a system of pipes50The underlined word “slum” most likely means _Aa village Ba small townCthe part of a town that lacks water badlyDan area of a town with badl
47、y-built, over-crowded buildings51Sometimes the water tanker doesnt come because _Athere is no electricity Bthe weather is badCthere is no water Dpeople dont want the dirty water52A person needs at least _ liters of water a dayA forty Bfifty Ca hundred Dfour hundred53The passage mainly tells us _Ahow India government manages to solve the problem of waterBhow women in Kesum Purbahari gets their waterChow much water a day a person needsDthat India lacks water badly【参考答案】49-BD 51-53 ABD