1、高中英语反意疑问句(附加疑问句)特殊形式总结英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。现将特殊形式的反意疑问句归纳如下:一、There be 句型陈述句比较特殊, 其附加疑问句的结构为there be的倒装,而不带句子主语。例如:There is something wrong with the computer, isnt there? 这台电脑有点毛病,是不是?There arent any fish in the river, are there? 这条河里没有鱼, 是吗? 二
2、、当陈述部分的主语是everyone,everybody, someone, nobody, no one,none, anyone, somebody等合成不定代词时, 在非正式文体中,附加疑问句中的主语通常用he或they。例如:Someone opened the door, didnt he/they? 有人开了门,是不是?Nobody went to the cinema, did they? 没人去看电影,是吗?三、当陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, something, anything等合成词,附加疑问句中的主语用it。例如:Nothing seriou
3、s happened, did it? 什么事情也没有发生,对吗?Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切准备就绪了,不是吗?四、当陈述部分的谓语动词是am的肯定形式时,附加疑问句的谓语动词用arent,而不用am not;当陈述部分的谓语动词为am not时,附加疑问句的谓语仍用am。例如:I am five years younger than you, arent I? 我比你小五岁,不是吗?I am not late, am I? 我没有迟到,对吗?五、当陈述部分带有few, little, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, n
4、ever, nowhere, nothing, no one, nobody等表示否定或半否定意义的词时,附加疑问句的动词用肯定形式。例如:The old man can hardly read, can he? 这位老人不识字,对吗?Little food has been left, has it? 吃的东西几乎没剩下,是吗?He has few good friends, has he? 他几乎没有要好的朋友,是不是?六、当陈述句部分带有否定前缀的词时,此陈述句当作肯定句, 其后的附加部分用否定形式。例如:The students were impolite, werent they?
5、那些学生没有礼貌,不是吗?Its illegal to drive a car without a license, isnt it? 没有驾照开车是违章的,不是吗? 含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构。例如: You got nothing from him, did you? 你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?七、如果陈述句是主从复合句而主句的谓语是动词I(we) + think, believe, suppose, imagine, reckon, fancy等词时,附加部分应与从句中的谓语在时态上保持一致。例如:I suppose you a
6、re not serious, are you? 我想你不是当真吧,是吗?(不可用dont I?)We think they have finished their homework, havent they? 我们认为他们已经完成了家庭作业,不是吗?I believe that you will enjoy the party, wont you? 我相信你会喜欢这次聚会的,不是吗?八、当陈述部分是祈使句时,附加部分可以不与前面的祈使句的动词保持一致,而是根据不同的用意选用shall, will, can 等。例如:Dont make noise, will you? 不要吵闹,行吗?Let
7、s help each other, will you/wont you? 让我们互相帮助,好吗?Let me do it for you, will you/wont you? 让我来帮你做这件事,行吗?Let us have a look at your new dictionary, will you/wont you? 让我们看一看你的新词典,好吗?注Lets(包括说话者本人)开头的祈使句,附加部分常用shall we?或shant we? 表示征求意见。 Let us/me/him不包括听话人在内开头的祈使句,附加部分则要用will you?或wont you?九、含had bett
8、er的陈述句,附加部分用助动词had; 含would 的陈述句,附加部分动词用would。例如:Youd better go home now, hadnt you? 你最好现在回家,好不好?Youd like to see the film, wouldnt you? 你很想看电影,是吗? 陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。例如:You have to water the vegetables every day, dont you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?十、8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如
9、:One should be ready to help others, shouldnt one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧? 当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it。例如: What you need is more important, isnt it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?十、附加疑问句有时可用Eh? Right? Am I right? Dont you think? Isnt that so?等。例如:She didnt pass the entrance examination, eh? 她没有通过入学考试,呃?They for
10、got to attend the lecture, am I right? 他们忘记去上那次课了,对不对?十一、用must表推测的反意疑问句的有关用法 1)对现在情况的推测,问句部分用主动词(do,be)一般现在时的适当形式。若是现在进行时,问句部分用现在进行时的适当形式表示。若是there be结构,问句用isnt/arent there。如: 1)He must be there,isnt he? 2)He must have a big family,doesnt he? 3)He must be waiting outside,isnt he? 4)There must be som
11、e students in the room,arent there? 2)对已发生的过去情况的推测,若陈述句谓语部分有“must have done”,而且有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用didnt;若没有表示过去的时间状语,问句部分用havent或hasnt。如: 1)They must have gone there last night,didnt they? 2)They must have arrived by now,havent they?(根据by now来判断) 3)They must have been to the Great Wall,havent they? 3)若
12、是被动,应按被动结构来处理。如: 1)The room must have been cleaned yesterday,wasnt it? 2)The room must have been cleaned,hasnt it? 4)若句中有表示过去完成时的时间状语,问句部分应用hadnt.如: They must have learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term,hadnt they? (本题中must表推测,如果将它去掉,还原为真实句就是They had learnt 5000 English words by the end of last term.因此,反意问句是hadnt)