1、课时作业(十四)必修Unit2Theenvironment.阅读理解A2021湖北省高三模拟StepintoMovingtoMars, anexhibitionofMarsmissionandcolonydesignatLondonsDesignMuseum, andimmediatelyyouhavegoodreasonsnottomovethere.FrighteningtextsonthewallsannouncethatMarswasntmadeforyou; thatthereisnolifeandpreciouslittlewater; that, dressedinaspaces
2、uit, youwillnevertouch, tasteorsmelltheplanetyounowcall“home”.AsLisaGrossmanwroteforNewScientistacoupleofyearsago, “WhatsdifferentaboutMarsisthatthereisnothingtodothereexcepttrynottodie.”Itisanoddbeginningforsuchacelebratoryexhibition, butitprovidesavaluable, darkbackgroundagainstwhichtherestofthesh
3、owcansparkle (闪耀)ashowthatis, asitschiefmanagerJustinMcGuirkremarks, “notaboutMars; thisisanexhibitionaboutpeople”Movingalong, thereisaquickyetclearflashthroughwhatthesciencefictionwriterKimStanleyRobinsoncalls“thehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind”.ABabylonianclaytabletandaGreekvasespeakofearlyideasaboutt
4、heplanet.AposterfortheoriginalTotalRecallfilmremindsusofMarsspsychologicalthreat.ThemainpartoftheshowisourcurrentplansfortheRedPlanet.Therearerealspacesuitsandmodelsof3DprintedMartiansettlementsandsuitableclothingandfurniture.Missionarchitectureandengineeringsketcheslinethewalls.Realhammersmeantfort
5、heInternationalSpaceStationarewallmounted (固定在墙上的) besidealowgravitytablethathasyettoleaveandmayindeedneverleaveEarth.This, ofcourse, isthegreatstrengthofapproachingsciencethroughdesign: realityandassumptionscanbegivenequalvisualweight, drawingusintoaninformedconversationaboutwhatitisthatweactuallyw
6、antfromafutureonMars.1Whatisthetextmainlyabout?AHowtomovetoMars.BHowtosurviveonMars.CWhatpreparationswemadeforMars.DWhattheexhibitionofMarstrulytellsus.2WhatcanwelearnfromLisaGrossman?AItsimpracticaltoliveonMars.BItsnogoodsettlingonMars.CYouhavenothingtodowhenlivingonMars.DYoucanliveonMarsinaspacesu
7、it.3Whatdoestheexhibitionfocuson?AThecurrentplansforMars.BTheadvantagesoflivingonMars.CTheearlyideasaboutMars.DThehistoryofMarsinthehumanmind.4Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinthelastparagraph?AAstory.BAnopinion.CAfantasy.DAsolution.B2021银川市高三质量检测ChinaScienceDailyannouncedThursdaythatithasusedsoftware
8、toautomaticallygeneratenewsstoriesaboutthelatestdiscoveriesfromtheworldsleadingsciencejournals.Therobotsciencereporter, called“Xiaoke”，wascocreatedbythenewspaperandresearchersfromPekingUniversityinabouthalfayear.ItisthelatestcaseofChinesenewsorganizationsusingcomputertechnologytocreatethecontent.Acc
9、ordingtoitsinventors, Xiaokehasgeneratedover200storiesbasedontheEnglishabstractofpaperspublishedinjournalssuchasScience, Nature, CellandTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicine.Beforepublication, theautomaticallygeneratedarticleswillgothroughareviewprocess.Agroupofscientistsandthenewspaperseditorswillcheckthe
10、contentorgivesupplementary (补充的) information.ZhangMingwei, headoftheprogramandviceeditorinchiefofthenewspaper, saidinventorswouldmakeXiaokea“crosslinguistic (跨语言的) academicsecretary”tohelpChinesescientistsovercomelanguagebarriersandhaveeasyandquickaccesstothelatestscientificadvancesinEnglishlanguage
11、publications.LeadresearcherWanXiaojun, ofPekingUniversityinchargeofthesystemsdesignandtechnology, stressedthatthecontentgenerationtoolcoulddofarmorethantranslation.AccordingtoWan, Xiaokeisgoodatselectingcomplexwordsandsentences, whichcanhelpturnarticlesfullofconfusingtechnicaltermsintoeasyandreadabl
12、enewsreports.Thereadersoftherobotreporterarenotlimitedtoprofessionalsandtheyalsoincludethegeneralpublic, theinventorssaid.Sciencereportingisimportantinspreadinginformationaboutdiscoveriesandinpopularizingknowledgetopeople.5Whatcanwelearnabout“Xiaoke”？AItisaprofessionaltranslator.BIthasthemostadvance
13、dAI.CItcanmakeupfictionstories.DItgeneratessciencenewsreports.6WhatdopeopleneedtodotoimproveXiaokeswork?AUpgradetheartificialintelligence.BSelectcomplexwordsandsentences.CCheckthecontentandaddinformation.DHelpitgetthelatestscientificadvances.7Howdoestheinventorsfeelabout“Xiaoke”？AOptimistic.BSkeptic
14、al.CDisappointed.DPuzzled.8Whatisthetextmainlyabout?ATherobotreporterofsciencenews.BThereadersofthesciencereports.CTheeditorinchiefofthenewspaper.DThelatestcaseofnewsorganizations.七选五2021日照市高三二模Oneofthemostcommondistractionswemeetisthatwehavetoomanyoptionsonhand.Forexample, athomeyoucanchoosetofeedy
15、ourdog, readabook, watchTV, haveasnackortakeanap.Whentherearetoomanypotentiallyattractiveoptions, itshardtofocusyourenergyonanimportanttask._1_Thefirststepthatyoucantakeistoidentifywhattaskneedsthemostfocustogetaccomplished.Onceyouhavethatfiguredout, simplybreakdownthetaskintosmallerbitesizedtasks._
16、2_Thefirstbitesizedtaskthatyoucanaccomplishistooutlinethegrantproposal (拨款提议) andsplititintodifferentsections.Thiswillensurethatyoucovereverythingthatisneeded, andallowsyoutofocusoneachsectiononeatatime._3_Besidesfocusingonyourgrantproposal, whatareallthepossiblethingsthatyoucouldbedoingthatwoulddiv
17、ert (使分心) yourattentionaway? Berealisticaboutwhattheyare! Writethemalldown, andlistthebenefitsandthecostsassociated.Onceyouhaveyourlistcompleted, startprioritizingthem.Youhaveatimelimit, soyouneedtoorderyourtasksbypriority, startingwiththefocustaskasyourtoppriority._4_Foranyremainingtaskonthelisttha
18、twontfitwithinyourallocatedtime, dontworry._5_Justschedulethemforanothertime.AThenfittheothersaroundit.BYoudonthavetogivethemup.CFinallyyoucangeteverythingcompleted.DThenextstepwouldbetoevaluateyourotheroptions.EThegoodnewsisthatitsnotsodifficulttoovercomethis.FButverysuccessfulpeoplesaynotoalmostev
19、erythingunimportant.GLetssayyouhaveagrantproposaltowriteforanupcomingprojectatwork.语法填空2021山东新高考第一次模拟Thegiantpanda, also1._ (know) asthepandabearorsimplythepanda, isabearnativetoSouthCentralChina.Inthepastmanyyears, thegiantpanda2._ (drive) outofthelowlandareaswhereitoncelivedasaresultoffarming, def
20、orestationandother3._ (develop).Wildpopulationestimatesvary: oneestimateshowsthatthereareabout1,590individuals4._ (live) inthewild, whilea2006studyestimatedthatthisfigurecouldbeashighas2,000to3,000.Somereportsalsoshowthat5._numberofgiantpandasinthewildis6._therise.TheWestfirstlearnedofthegiantpandao
21、nMarch11, 1869, 7._ArmandDavidreceivedapandaskinfromahunter.In1936, RuthHarknessbecamethefirstwesterner8._ (bring) alivegiantpandanamedSuLintotheBrookfieldZooinChicago.Toprotectthepandas, in2012, EarthwatchInstitute, aglobalnonprofitinstitutethatteamsvolunteerswithscientiststoconductimportant9._ (sc
22、ience) research, launchedaprogramcalled“OntheTrailofGiantPanda”.Thisprogram, basedintheWolongNationalNatureReserve, allowsvolunteerstoworkwithpandascaredforincaptivity (圈养), andhelpthem10._ (gradual) adapttolifeinthewild.课时作业(十四).阅读理解A语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会科学与技术“移居火星”展览【语篇解读】文章介绍了一个名为“移居火星”的展览的相关内容，此展览主要
23、展示了有关火星任务及移民设计方面的情况。1答案与解析：D考查主旨大意。文章第一段是文章的总述部分，第二至第五段详细介绍了展览的相关内容，并结合尾段作者的观点可知，本文主要是关于“移居火星”展览真正告诉我们的信息。故选D。2答案与解析：A考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“Whats different about Mars is that there is nothing to do there except try not to die”可知，在火星上人类除了努力地活着之外，在那里什么也做不了。由此可推知，在火星上生活是不切实际的。故选A。3答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第五段第一句“The m
24、ain part of the show is our current plans for the Red Planet”可知，这个展览的主要部分是我们目前关于这颗红色星球的计划。故选A。4答案与解析：B考查推理判断。通读第六段可知，该段表述作者对这个展览的看法。故选B。B语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与社会科学与技术机器人科学记者【语篇解读】中国科学报周四宣布，由报社和北京大学的研究人员共同研发的机器人科学记者“小科”已使用软件自动生成了科学类新闻报道。5答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“it has used software to automatically generate n
25、ews stories.leading science journals”可知，小科运用软件自动生成有关世界一流科学期刊最新发现的新闻报道，D选项“它生成科学类新闻报道”与之相符。本题易误选A项。根据第一段中的“The robot science reporter”和第四段中的“the content generation tool could do far more than translation”可知，小科是机器人科学记者，且它的作用不只限于翻译，故排除A项。B项和C项文中均未提及，故排除。6答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段的内容可知，在发布之前，自动生成的文章将经过审阅过程，一组
26、科学家和报社编辑将检查它的内容或给出补充信息，C选项“检查内容并增加信息”与之相吻合。7答案与解析：A根据第四段中的“Lead researcher Wan Xiaojun.the content generation tool could do far more than translation”和第五段中的“The readers of the robot reporter are not limited to professionals and they also include the general public”可知，机器人记者可以做的远不止翻译，它的读者并不局限于专业人士，它的读
27、者也包括公众，由此可推知，这款机器人有良好的发展前景，它的发明者对它持积极乐观的态度。8答案与解析：A考查主旨大意。本文介绍了一款能运用软件自动生成科学类新闻报道的机器人科学记者，所以A选项“科学新闻的机器人记者”正确。.七选五语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自我生活技能选择过多时如何合理安排【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了选择过多时应如何合理安排首先，确定哪些任务最需要你集中注意力完成；其次，评估其他选项。如果还有未完成任务，可以另找时间完成。1答案与解析：E考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了当生活中有太多潜在的诱人的选择时，人们很难把精力集中在一项重要的任务上，而下文中则讲到了如何合理安排，因此空处应
28、该形成转折，告诉读者大可不必担心，故E项符合语境。2答案与解析：G考查上下文衔接。结合中心句可知，本段主要讲到了确定哪个任务需要你集中最多的注意力完成，下文则讲到了第一步先概述拨款提议，因此此处是举例，空处应是表述与拨款提议有关的内容，所以G项符合语境。3答案与解析：D考查段落主旨句。本段主要讲了给其他可能转移你注意力的事情划分优先顺序再组织安排，所以D项适合作本段的主旨句。此外，D项中的“The next step”与上一段开头“The first step”相呼应。4答案与解析：C考查总结句。空前几句讲到了确定分散注意力的事情、明确它们的轻重缓急再组织安排，因此空处讲到的应该是这样做的结果
29、，即这样做的话所有任务都可以完成，故C项符合语境。5答案与解析：B考查上下文衔接。空前一句讲到了对于在分配的时间内不适合的任何剩余任务，不要担心，空后一句则讲到了为这些任务安排另外的时间，所以空处讲到的应该是不必放弃这些任务，故B项符合语境。.语法填空语篇类型：说明文主题语境：人与自然人与动物大熊猫【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了近年来野生大熊猫的数量和西方人第一次听说及引进大熊猫的有关情况。非营利组织Earthwatch Institute开展了一项名为“追踪大熊猫”的项目，旨在保护大熊猫。1答案与解析：known考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句谓语动词为is，此处为分词短语作后置定语。kn
30、ow与其逻辑主语The giant panda之间为动宾关系，所以填known。2答案与解析：has been driven考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语。根据时间状语“In the past many years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；大熊猫从低地区域被赶走，表被动；主语the giant panda为单数，所以空处填has been driven。3答案与解析：development考查词形转换。other在此处作形容词，意为“其他的”，后面一般接名词；且空处与前面的名词farming和deforestation并列，所以空处填名词development。
31、4答案与解析：living考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，从句为there be句型，空处在此处作非谓语动词，live与其逻辑主语1,590 individuals为主谓关系，所以填living。5答案与解析：the考查冠词。a number of和the number of均为固定表达，前者后面一般接可数名词复数，该短语作主语时谓语动词用复数；后者表“的数量”，该短语作主语时谓语动词用单数，根据从句中的谓语动词is及语境可判断，此处指“野生大熊猫的数量”，应用the。6答案与解析：on考查介词。on the rise为固定表达，意为“在上升，在增加”，符合语境，所以填on。7答案与解析：w
32、hen考查关系词。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为March 11, 1869，空处在从句中作时间状语，所以关系词用when。8答案与解析：to bring考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处作the first westerner的后置定语，由于westerner前面被序数词修饰，所以后面需要用不定式作后置定语，所以填to bring。9答案与解析：scientific考查词形转换。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的名词research，需要用形容词，所以填scientific。10答案与解析：gradually考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰后面的动词短语adapt to，需要用副词，所以填gradually。