1、Section_Grammar 现在分词作状语语法图解探究发现 .I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously.I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.She stepped back appearing surprised .Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling, together with George Cook from Canada.When Da
2、rlene Coulon from France came dashing through the door .Turning around, she saw an ambulance driving away.The old scientist died all of a sudden, leaving the project unfinished.Hearing the news, they jumped for joy.Having smoked too much, he has suffered from lung cancer.我的发现(1)黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是；作时间状语的
3、是；作结果状语的是；作原因状语的是。(2)比较句和可知：句中动词ing形式短语为一般式，表示动作与谓语动词同时发生；句中动词ing形式短语为完成式，表示动作发生在谓语动词之前。(3)观察句可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。一、现在分词作状语的用法现在分词(短语)在句中作状语来修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表示动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步或伴随状况。1作时间状语(相当于一个时间状语从句)。Walking in the park, she saw an old friend.When/While (she was) walking in the park, she saw an ol
4、d friend.当她在公园里散步时，她看到了她的一个老朋友。名师点津当表示正在进行的动作时，可直接在分词前面加上when/while，此时也可理解为状语从句的省略。2作原因状语(一般可转换成由as或because引导的原因状语从句)Being ill, he couldnt go to school.As he was ill, he couldnt go to school.因为生病了，他无法去上学。3作条件状语(一般放在句首，其前可以加if, unless等连词)Working hard, youll make great progress.If you work hard, youll
5、 make great progress.如果你努力工作，你将取得很大进步。4作结果状语现在分词作结果状语时，通常放在句末，中间用逗号隔开，表示一种顺其自然、意料之中的结果。The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, allowing more patients to be treated.(2017天津高考)这家医院最近得到一批新的医疗设备，这使更多的病人能得到治疗。名师点津现在分词作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。而不定式作结果状语时常
6、表示出乎意料的结果，有时前面可以加only。试比较：He was caught in the rain, thus making himself catch a cold.被雨淋后他感冒了。I hurried to school, only to find it was Sunday.我匆忙赶到学校，结果发现是星期天。5作让步、方式和伴随状语现在分词作让步、方式和伴随状语时，说明动作发生的背景和情况。作伴随状语时，表示分词的动作和主句的动作同时发生，此时它可转换成并列句。Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book.Mary s
7、at by the window of the classroom and was reading a book.玛丽坐在教室的窗边读一本书。名师点津为强调动词ing形式表达的意义，可在其前加上各种连词。例如，加上when, while，强调与谓语动词同时发生；加上before, after，强调动作先后发生；加上thus，强调结果；加上(al)though，强调让步等。Though knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切，但还是让我赔偿损失。即时演练1 (1)分析下列各句中现在分词作状语的类型Hearing th
8、e news, they immediately set off for the station. 时间状语Not knowing his address, I cant write to him.原因状语The child slipped and fell, hitting his head against the door.结果状语Living miles away, he attended the lecture.让步状语He lay in bed, reading a novel.伴随状语Using a stick, the painter drew a picture on the
9、ground in ten minutes.方式状语Keeping on your feet, you will make yourself more tired.条件状语(2)补全句子There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, staring_at_the_night_sky (凝视着夜空)Being_poor (因为穷), he cant afford a computer.(2016北京高考改编)Newlybuilt wooden cottages line the
10、street, turning_the_old_town_into (把老城镇变成) a dreamland.二、现在分词作状语注意事项1现在分词的时态现在分词作状语时，要注意分词的时间性，是用现在分词的一般式(doing)，还是用完成式(having done)。(1)当现在分词的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，用分词的一般式。Walking in the street, I met an old friend of mine.我正在大街上行走时，遇到了一位老朋友。(walking和谓语动词met同时发生)(2)当现在分词的动作先发生，而谓语动词的动作后发生时，用分词的完成式。Having
11、finished the letter, he went to post it.他写完信后就把它寄了出去。(having finished是先发生的，went是后发生的)即时演练2用所给词的适当形式填空(2016天津高考改编)The cooling wind swept through our bedroom windows, making (make) air conditioning unnecessary.Having_worked (work) for three hours, he took a rest.Having_lived (live) in Beijing for year
12、s, I almost know every place quite well.Having_spent (spend) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.Seeing (see) nobody at home, he decided to leave them a note.2现在分词的语态使用现在分词的主动式还是被动式，这主要取决于现在分词和句子主语之间的关系。句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语。Having been shown around the factory, they were very happy.
13、(现在分词的被动式)被领着参观了工厂后，他们很高兴。Having finished his homework, he went to bed.(现在分词的主动式)完成了作业后，他上床睡觉。即时演练3用所给词的适当形式填空Being_talked (talk) to, you should look into the eyes of the person.Having_been_told (tell) for several times, he still couldnt understand the rules.Having_received (receive) his reply, she
14、rang him up.Having_been_asked (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.3动词ing形式的否定式：notv.ing; not havingv.edNot knowing this, he didnt come.他不知道这件事，所以没来。Not having made full preparations，we put off the sports meeting.因为没有做好充分的准备，我们把运动会延期了。4独立主格动词ing形式作状语，有时它也可以有自己独立的主语，这种结构称为独立
15、主格结构，通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，也可以表示时间、原因或条件。The trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.那些树非常高，其中一些测量为90多米。The weather being fine, we went out for a walk.由于天气好，我们去散步了。即时演练4 (1)补全句子The_lecture_having_been_given (讲座结束后), a lively questionandanswer session followed.Spring_coming_on (春天来了), the tr
16、ees turned green.(2)用现在分词的独立主格结构改写下列句子If weather permits, we shall go there on foot.Weather_permitting,_we shall go there on foot.After Mary came back, they discussed it together.Mary_coming_back,_they discussed it together.5现在分词作评注性状语有些现在分词在句中没有逻辑主语，它们往往作为句子的评注性状语来修饰整个句子，表明说话者的态度、观点等。例如：generally s
17、peaking“一般来说”， judging by/from .“从判断”，taking everything into consideration“从全盘考虑”。Judging from his behaviour, he must be mad.从他的行为来判断，他一定是疯了。.单句语法填空1Having_selected (select) the proper present, they sent it to their respectable professor.2Not knowing (know) what to do, the children had to wait for t
18、heir parents to come back.3Hearing (hear) the signal, people ran out of the building.4Judging (judge) from the appearance, it is very peaceful, but in fact, a war will break out soon.5The decision_having_been_made (make), what is to be done now is how to carry it out.6Working (work) harder at Englis
19、h, youll make greater progress.7When exploring the cave, they found a valuable mineral.8It being (be) Sunday, many people go to the gymnasium to do physical exercises.9Looking (look) out through the window, we saw a beautiful scenery.10The case shocked the public, causing (cause) a hot debate over h
20、uman nature on the Internet.单句写作1Personally_speaking,_Im satisfied with your performance.就个人而言，我满意你的表现。2The film star intended to leave quickly, only_to_be_surrounded_by_his_fans.这位影星想迅速离开，却被他的粉丝包围了。3Football is played all over the world, making_it_a_popular_sport.全世界都踢足球，因此踢足球成了一种很流行的运动。4There_bein
21、g_no_customers,_they closed the store.因为没有顾客，他们关了店门。5I stood by the door, not_daring_to_say_a_word.我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。6Having_tried_many_times (Though he had tried many times), he still couldnt succeed.尽管尝试了多次，但他仍未成功。7Setting_off_earlier/If_setting_off_earlier (If you set off earlier), youll get to the to
22、wn at dusk.如果早点儿出发的话，你在傍晚的时候就会到达小镇。8Having_apologized_to_his_teacher_for_his_rude_manner (After he had apologized to his teacher for his rude manner), he made a promise that he wouldnt make the same mistake.因自己的粗鲁行为而向老师道歉后，他许诺以后将不再犯同样的错误。.语法填空Hong Kong Ocean Park, _1_ (open) in 1977, is located on t
23、he south end of Hong Kong Island. It _2_ (cover) _3_ area of 69 hectares, _4_ (make) it the _5_ (large) ocean park in the world. The park has all _6_ (kind) of facilities, _7_ not only offer people a place _8_ (see) all kinds of living animals in the ocean but play many _9_ (excite) games as well. What _10_ (make) us more pleased is that Pandas Jiajia and Anan from the mainland are also living in the park. Therefore, Hong Kong Ocean Park is the most popular theme park in the world.答案：1.opened2.covers3.an4.making5.largest6.kinds7.which8.to see9.exciting10.makes