1、第二部分阅读理解专题十四事实细节Passage 1(2012高考大纲卷)Make Up Your Mind to SucceedKindhearted parents have unknowingly left their children defenseless against failure.The generation born between 1980 and 2001 grew up playing sports where scores and performance were played down because “everyones a winner.” And their
2、report cards sounded more positive (正面的) than ever before.As a result，Stanford University professor Carol Dweck，PhD，calls them “the overpraised generation.”Dweck has been studying how people deal with failure for 40 years.Her research has led her to find out two clearly different mindsets that have
3、a great effect on how we react to it.Heres how they work：A fixed mindset is grounded in the belief that talent (才能) is genetic youre a born artist，point guard，or numbers person.The fixed mindset believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.When things get di
4、fficult，its quick to blame，lie，and even stay away from future difficulties.On the other hand，a growth mindset believes that no talent is entirely heavensent and that effort and learning make everything possible.Because the ego (自尊) isnt on the line as much，the growth mindset sees failure as a chance
5、 rather than shame.When faced with a difficulty，its quick to rethink，change and try again.In fact，it enjoys this experience.We are all born with growth mindsets.(Otherwise，we wouldnt be able to live in the world.) But parents，teachers，and instructors often push us into fixed mindsets by encouraging
6、certain actions and misdirecting praise.Dwecks book，Mindset：The New Psychology of Success，and online instructional program explain this in depth.But she says there are many little things you can start doing today to make sure that your children，grandchildren and even you are never defeated by failur
7、e.What does the author think about the present generation?AThey dont do well at school.BThey are often misunderstood.CThey are eager to win in sports.DThey are given too much praise.A fixed mindset person is probably one who _Adoesnt want to work hardBcares a lot about personal safetyCcannot share h
8、is ideas with othersDcan succeed with the help of teachersWhat does the growth mindset believe?AAdmitting failure is shameful.BTalent comes with ones birth.CScores should be highly valued.DGetting over difficulties is enjoyable.What should parents do for their children based on Dwecks study?AEncoura
9、ge them to learn from failures.BPrevent them from making mistakes.CGuide them in doing little things.DHelp them grow with praise.Passage 2(2012高考天津卷)Bicycle SafetyOperationAlways ride your bike in a safe, controlled manner on campus (校园). Obey rules and regulations. Watch out for walkers and other b
10、icyclists, and always use your lights in dark conditions.Theft PreventionAlways securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rackeven if you are only away for a minute. Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety. Its fast, easy, and free. Registration permanently records your seri
11、al number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.EquipmentBrakesMake sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly.HelmetA necessity, make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly.LightsAlways have a front headlightvisible at least 500
12、feet in front of the bike. A taillight is a good idea.Rules of the RoadRiding on CampusAs a bicycle rider, you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths. Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine. The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph, unless ot
13、herwise posted. Always give the right of way to walkers. If you are involved in an accident, you are required to offer appropriate aid，call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go.Bicycle ParkingOnly park in areas reserved for bikes. Trees, handrails, ha
14、llways, and sign posts are not for bicycle parking, and parking in such spots can result in a fine.If Things Go WrongIf you break the rules, you will be fined. Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for.No bicycle registration$25Bicycle parking banned$30Blocking
15、path with bicycle$40Violation of bicycle equipment requirement$351Registration of your bicycle may help you_Afind your stolen bicycleBget your serial numberCreceive free repair servicesDsettle conflicts with walkers2According to the passage, what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders?AB
16、rakes.BA helmet.CA headlight. DA taillight.3When you ride a bicycle on the campus, _Aride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalksBcycle at a speed of over 15 mphCput the walkers right of way firstDcall the police before leaving in case of accident4If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus, you
17、could be fined _A$25 B$30C$35D$405What is the passage mainly about?AA guide for safe bicycling on campus.BDirections for bicycle tour on campus.CRegulations of bicycle race on campus.DRules for riding motor vehicles on campus.Passage 1这是一篇科普文章，讲述了两种类型a fixed mindset和a growth mindset的不同思想意识，并建议人们应该正确
18、对待他们。1D细节分析题。由第一段最后一句知the overpraised generation与D项符合，与ABC三项不符，故选D。2A细节理解题。由第三段The fixed mindset believes its sure to succeed without much effort and regards failure as personal shame.可知答案A正确，其它三项不恰当。3D由第四段可推断the growth mindset enjoys this experience，故D项正确。4A细节推断题。由最后一句可知，只有从失败中吸取教训，才不会被失败击败，故A项正确。P
19、assage 2本文是关于校园安全骑车的相关措施的介绍。1A事实细节题。据Registration permanently records your serial number, which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen.可知。故选A。2D事实细节题。据Equipment章节可知，brakes a helmet a headline都是必备的。故选D。3C事实细节题。由Always give the right of way to walkers可知，C项正确，故选C。4B事实细节题。由Bicycle parking banned$30可知，B项正确，故选B。5A主旨大意题。本文主要介绍校园安全骑车的相关规定。故选A。