1、2020-2021学年度高三下学期开学摸底检测卷英语试卷 一、 We smile because we are happy, and we frown because we are sad. Recent studies suggest that our emotions are driven by their related facial expressions. This February psychologists at the University of Cardiff in Wales found that people whose ability to frown is lesse
2、ned by botox injections(肉毒杆菌注射) are happier, on average, than people who can frown. The researchers administered an anxiety and depression questionnaire to 25 females, half of whom had received botox injections to stop frowning. The botox injected people reported feeling happier and less anxious in
3、general. In a related study from March, scientists at the Technical University of Munich found that the botox subjects had much lower activity in the brain circuits(回路) involved in emotional processing and responsesin the amygdala, hypothalamus and other parts of the brainas compared with controls w
4、ho had not received treatment. The concept works the opposite way, too. People who frown during an unpleasant procedure report feeling more pain than those who do not, according to a study published in May 2008 in the Journal of Pain. Researchers applied heat to the forearms of 29 participants, who
5、were asked to either make unhappy, neutral or relaxed faces during the procedure. Those who exhibited negative expressions reported being in more pain than the other two groups. No one yet knows why our facial expressions influence our emotions as they seem to. The associations in our mind between h
6、ow we feel and how we react may be so strong that our expressions simply end up strengthen our emotionsthere may be no evolutionary reason for the connection.1. What can we know about the result of the study from Paragraph 2?A. The ability to frown should be stopped by injection.B. Less frowns make
7、people happier.C. Women love to frown and feel sad.D. Half women have no ability to feel happy.2. What did scientists do in the related studies?A. They asked the participants to frown or smile.B. They copied the expressions of the participants.C. They asked the participants to stay negative.D. They
8、exposed the participants to heat.3. What does the underlined word neutral in Paragraph 4 mean?A. Humorous.B. Ambitious.C. Caring.D. Calm.4. What does the passage talk about?A. Facial expressions influence our emotions.B. Facial expressions are driven by emotions.C. Why people feel happy and frown.D.
9、 Botox injection is useful and meaningful.二、Humans are no strangers to widespread viruses, and each time a vaccine is developed, it gives us hope for the future. Now, the world is waiting for a vaccine to fight COVID-19.Scientists worldwide have been rolling up their sleeves to work toward an effect
10、ive novel coronavirus vaccine.Under the coordination (协调) of the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 172 countries have been engaging with the “largest and most diverse COVID-19 vaccine portfolio (系列产品)”, a plan known as the COVAX Global Vaccines Facility.COVAX is a system for joint purchasing an
11、d balancing the risks of multiple vaccines. When a vaccine proves to be safe and effective, all countries within the facility will be able to access it, according to Xinhua.The plan is aimed to ensure that all countries, no matter their economic status, can get the vaccine in a timely manner when on
12、e is available. It also makes sure that prices will be kept as low as possible.“A number of vaccines are now in the final stage of clinical trials,” said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus on Aug 24, adding that the goal of COVAX is to deliver at least 2 billion doses of a vaccine by th
13、e end of 2021.According to the WHO, at present, nine potential vaccines are part of the portfolio.To guarantee the equal access and fair assignment of COVID-19 vaccines, the WHO has said that the world needs to prevent vaccine nationalismcountries putting their own interests ahead of others in tryin
14、g to secure supplies of a possible vaccine.“Vaccine nationalism only helps the virus,” Tedros said, warning that it would lead to a prolonged pandemic(疫情) if only a small number of countries got most of the supply.“Like an orchestra, we need all instruments to be played in harmony to create music th
15、at everyone enjoys,” he said.Vaccine development looks promising, as several countries have made great progress. Russia began production of its first batch of a COVID-19 vaccine on Aug 15, according to its health ministry. Its the worlds first registered vaccine. Four Chinese vaccine candidates have
16、 started international stage-3 clinical trials.1.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.Russia is the first country to have made progress in fighting COVID-19.B.COVAX ensures all the countries get the vaccine at the same time.C.WHO plays an important role in fighting COVID-19.D.Sc
17、ientist have produced 2 billion doses of vaccines.2.Whats the authors attitude towards vaccine nationalism?A.Supportive.B.Critical.C.Optimistic.D.Sympathetic.3.Tedros compared fighting COVID-19 to an orchestra to _.A.show his deep love for musicB.make the passage more interestingC.illustrate the sim
18、ilarities in betweenD.stress the importance of cooperation4.What can be the best title for the text?A.United for vaccineB.Vaccine on the wayC.Fighting against COVID-19D.Say goodbye to COVID-19三、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 While young strong-willed children can push all your buttons, th
19、eres a positive side. Once they get into adulthood, they will be more responsible, confident and independent members. How do you begin to parent one? _ What might work for one might not work for another. Below are a handful of ideas to raise strong willed children. Teach emotions to overcome frustra
20、tions. A strong-willed child can have angry outbursts simply because they have become annoyed or frustrated. There will be times when you wont know what has set them off and as hard as it can be .You need to help them recognize the emotions they are feeling and let them know whether you understand._
21、 A strong-willed child will not be satisfied with an answer such as “because I said so” or “I dont know” or “just because”. _ By providing a proper explanation, you can help put their mind at ease. Their mind is naturally curious and they want to know how things work or why they arent allowed to do
22、something. Create proper boundaries. Strong-willed children need clear boundaries at home. They need to know there are rules and the rules are there to protect them and give them a clear understanding of what is expected of them._ _ Strong willed children tend to feel responsible for things. We can
23、help by giving them responsibility at home such as making their bed, unpacking the dishwasher, letting them help decided what to have for dinner, setting the table, folding the washing, the list is endless.A. They question everything around them.B. Add necessary responsibility to your work.C. We nee
24、d to remember every child is different.D. Mark the boundary between you and your child.E. Develop their independence by developing responsibility.F. They need to know what they can do and what they cant do.G. This acknowledgement can let your child know they are being heard.四、阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选
25、项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I remember my high school English teacher telling me not to apply to Cornell University. My teacher said they wouldnt accept me and even if they did I wouldnt be able to 1 it through the years. I almost 2 but a few days later I came across Ivan Foldfarb, a former teacher, who told
26、me 3 , You apply. You can do it. His words made all the 4 . I put in my application and was 5 . Too often we think its our 6 to help make someone aware of reality. We think we must point out how 7 the job market is as well as how bad the economy is. This world never lacks 8 and pessimists. It calls
27、for more optimists and encouragers who say, I believe in you. Have the 9 , and you will have the power to make it happen. We may 10 lots of barriers, but well get the project finished. Even if you fail, itll lead to something more 11 . I know that every one of us loves working for and with people wh
28、o 12 the best in us. We love being around people who bring us 13 and uplift us. 14 well always remember the negative people, we will always treasure those who encourage us. So share encouragement. It 15 and we all need it.1. A. get B. make C. believe D. catch2. A. stood by B. pulled through C. drew
29、back D. turned away3. A. honestly B. proudly C. firmly D. delightedly4. A. sense B. excuses C. messes D. difference5. A. permitted B. admitted C. assisted D. approached6. A. responsibility B. fault C. honour D. schedule7. A. considerable B. stable C. promising D. crowded8. A. speakers B. realists C.
30、 supporters D. guides9. A. fondness B. effect C. optimism D. desire10. A. overcome B. ignore C. create D. meet11. A. worthwhile B. influential C. uncommon D. complex12. A. bring up B. bring out C. bring in D. bring down13. A. challenge B. opportunity C. comfort D. pleasure14. A. When B. If C. While
31、D. Unless15. A. spreads B. progresses C. matters D. cares五、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。In the past 40 years, the power of China _(see) by the world. Under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, our country has become one of the strongest countries of the world from an _ (extreme) po
32、or one, including economy, military and science and technology. With a rapid development of our country, some western countries especially the USA are not _ (will) to see a powerful China, so they make troubles for China in all aspects in the international society. _ our country is not what she used
33、 to be now, we will never give in to any stress.Our country showed its advantage of socialism system again in 2020, _ the COVID-19 broke out quickly in the world. Unfortunately, many western countries were wondering _ to do at that time while people from all _ (walk) of life in China worked together
34、 to take action. So we could get the epidemic _ (control) quickly and began to recover our economy. During this period, many heroes like Zhong Nanshan and Li Lanjuan, _ didnt think about their personal safety, became the most beautiful reverse-walkers. We are proud of them, _ we also take pride in o
35、ur country.六、假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。 When I finished all of my exam, my family drove to the countryside for a holiday. On our wa
36、y, my favorite scarf flew out of the window suddenly and is gone. I felt very sad, regretting that when I hadnt kept the scarf well. Soon after, we stopped at a service station. Feel upset, I found a bench and was about to ate my sandwich when a motorcyclist pulled into the station, Is that your blu
37、e car? he asked me. Although I felt surprising, I nodded quickly. A man pulled out the very scarf from my backpack and handed it to me. He then returned his motorcycle and wanted to leave. I went up and repaid him thankful by giving him a hug.七、假定你是李华，国庆节假期期间你到一所山区初中做了两天的志愿者。请给你的外教 Mr. Brown写一封电子邮件，
38、介绍这次活动。主要内容包括：1.活动目的；2.活动过程(带礼物，演节目，帮助学习等)；3.你的收获。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Mr. Brown, _Yours,Li Hua八、假定你是李华，你所在的武术社正在招收新队员，请给你的留学生朋友Eric写封邮件邀请他加入，内容包括：1.练武术的好处；2.武术社的活动；3.报名方式及截至日期。注意：1.词汇100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：武术 martial artsDear Eric,_参考答案一、答案：1-4 BDDA解析：1.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，今年2月，英国威
39、尔士加的夫大学的心理学家发现，注射肉毒杆菌减轻皱眉能力的人比皱眉的人更快乐。由此可知，研究结果发现少皱眉让人更快乐。2.细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，研究人员给29名参与者的前臂加热，要求他们在实验过程中做出不高兴、中性或放松的表情。由此可知，科学家在相关研究中让参与者接触热量。3.词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“Those who exhibited negative expressions reported being in more pain than the other two groups.”可知，那些表现出消极表情的人比其他两组更痛苦，也就是说总共有三种表情“不高兴的”
40、(消极）、“平静的”（不带感情色彩）、“放松的”（积极），所以可推测neutral为“平静的”（不带感情色彩）。故选D。4.主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知，我们微笑是因为 我们快乐，我们皱眉是因为我们悲伤。最近的研究表明，我们的情绪是由相关的面部表情驱动的。结合文章主要内容可知，人们的表情也会影响人们的心情。二、答案：1.C; 2.B; 3.D; 4.A解析：1.细节理解题。A项，俄罗斯是第一个在抗击新冠肺炎方面取得进展的国家。根据最后一段第二句Russia began production of its first batch of a COVID-19 vaccine on Aug 15,
41、 according to its health ministry.据俄罗斯卫生部消息，俄罗斯已于8月15日开始生产第一批新冠肺炎疫苗。不符合题意。B项，COVAX确保所有国家同时获得疫苗。根据第四段第一句 COVAX is a system for joint purchasing and balancing the risks of multiple vaccines. COVAX是一种联合采购和平衡多种疫苗风险的系统。可知COVAX不能确保所有国家同时获得疫苗。不符合题意。C项，世卫组织在抗击COVID-19方面发挥着重要作用。根据第三段第一句 Under the coordinatio
42、n (协调) of the World Health Organization (WHO), up to 172 countries have been engaging with the largest and most diverse COVID-19 vaccine portfolio可知，世界卫生组织发挥了重要作用。符合题意。D项，科学家已经生产了20亿剂疫苗。根据第五段最后一句 the goal of COVAX is to deliver at least 2 billion doses of a vaccine by the end of 2021.COVAX的目标是到2021年
43、底提供至少20亿剂疫苗。不符合题意。故正确答案为C。2.细节理解题。根据第八段 the world needs to prevent vaccine nationalism-countries putting their own interests ahead of others in trying to secure supplies of a possible vaccine. 世界需要防止疫苗民族主义的国家正在试图确保疫苗可供应的同时，将自身利益置于他人之上。可知作者对疫苗民族主义持批评态度。故正确答案为B。3.推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Like an orchestra, we nee
44、d all instruments to be played in harmony to create music that everyone enjoys, he said. 他说：“就像管弦乐队一样,我们需要所有的乐器和谐地演奏,创造出每个人都喜欢的音乐。”可推断Tedros 将抗击COVID-19比作一支管弦乐队是为了强调合作的重要性。故正确答案为D。4.主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了生产抗击COVID-19的疫苗时要反对疫苗民族主义，加强各国对疫苗研发的合作。根据倒数第二段 Like an orchestra, we need all instruments to be played in
45、 harmony to create music that everyone enjoys, he said. 可知，本文强调在研制COVID-19疫苗时不同国家合作的重要性。故正确答案为A。 三、答案：CGAFE解析：一个意志力坚强的孩子，在今后的生活中更具有责任心和独立性，那么父母要如何培养一个意志力坚强的孩子呢? 1. C 【解析】结合空格下文，在一个孩子身上起作用的在另一个孩子身上可能没用，由此可知，首先要清楚，孩子各有不同。故选 C。 2. G 【解析】空格上文指出，你需要帮助他们认知他们所感受到的情绪，让他们知道你是否理解他们。站在孩子的角度，父母对他们的认同能让孩子知道他们得到了
46、倾听，G 项符合题意。 3. A 【解析】根据该段的小标题可知，他们不会满足于简单知道一些事情的结果，他们对身边的事情都会有疑问，A 项符合题意。 4. F 【解析】该部分谈到在家里给他们设置行为的界限，也就是他们需要知道什么该做什么不该做。F 项符合题意。 5. E 【解析】结合空格后意志力坚强的孩子更会为事情承担责任可知，该段的主题句主要指通过培养他们的责任感来培养独立性，E 项符合题意。四、答案：1-5 BCCDB 6-10 ADBDD 11-15 ABDCC解析：1.根据上文中的My teacher said they wouldnt accept me可知，作者的老师认为就算这所大学
47、录取了作者，作者也无法成功毕业。make it表示获得成功符合语境。get it明白;catch it受罚。2.由上文可知，英语老师的话让作者感到灰心，以至于作者几乎要放弃。draw back退缩符合语境。stand by袖手旁观；pull through完成，做成；turn away翻转，转身。3.根据下文中的You apply. You can do it I put in my application可知，作者以前的老师坚定地(firmly)说了这些话。4.下文提到作者最终还是提出了大学申请，由此可知，这位老师的话对作者影响很大。 make all the difference关系重大，
48、大不相同。5.根据语境可知，作者成功被录取(admitted)了。permit允许； assist帮助；approach接近。6.此处表示我们经常认为自己有责任(responsibility)帮助别人认识现实。7.根据空后的as well as how bad the economy is可知，经济不好，就业市场也不容乐观。crowded拥挤的形象地描述了就业市场竞争的激烈。considerable相当多的，相当大的；stable稳定的；promising 有希望的。8.根据上文中的reality和空后的and pessimists. It calls for more optimists a
49、nd encouragers可知，这个世界从不缺少现实主义者(realists)和悲观主义者。9.此处是鼓励者说的话，再结合后面的have the power to make it happen可知，desire愿望，渴望符合语境。10.根据空后的but well get the project finished可知，此处表示我们可能会遇到(meet)很多阻碍。11.根据Even if you fail可知，此处表示就算你失败了，你也能得到更有价值的东西。worthwhile值得的。12.此处表示能够激发出我们最好的一面的人。bring out使显现，符合语境。13.我们喜欢和那些能够让我们开
50、心和振奋的人在一起。 pleasure快乐，开心，与空后的uplift语意范畴一致。14.尽管我们总会记得那些消极的人，但是我们也总会珍视鼓励我们的人。while虽然，尽管，表让步，用于句首。15.根据下文中的and we all need it可知，此处表示鼓励很重要。matter重要，要紧，符合语境。五、答案：1. has been seen 2. extremely 3. willing 4. But 5. when 6. what 7. walks 8. controlled 9. who 10. and解析： 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在中国共产党的领导下，我国日益强大。特别是
51、新冠肺炎疫情在全球迅速爆发，我国社会主义制度优势再次显现。【小题1】考查时态和语态。句意：在过去的40年里，中国的力量有目共睹。根据时间状语In the past 40 years可知，用现在完成时。主语the power of China与see之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态，主语是单数，所以用has。故填has been seen。【小题2】考查副词。句意：在中国共产党的领导下，我国从一个极其贫穷的国家，包括经济、军事和科学技术，发展成为世界上最强大的国家之一。修饰形容词poor，前用副词作状语。故填extremely。【小题3】考查形容词。句意：随着我国的快速发展，一些西方国家特别是美国
52、不愿意看到一个强大的中国，所以他们在国际社会上给中国制造了方方面面的麻烦。be willing to do sth.情愿做某事。故填willing。【小题4】考查连词。句意：但是我们的国家现在已经不是以前的样子了，我们永远不会屈服于任何压力。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用连词but。故填But。【小题5】考查定语从句。句意：2020年，新冠肺炎疫情在全球迅速爆发，我国社会主义制度优势再次显现。句中先行词为2020，在非限定性定语从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导。故填when。【小题6】考查疑问词。句意：不幸的是，当时许多西方国家都在思考该怎么做，而中国的各行各业的人都在共同努力采取行
53、动。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构做动词的宾语。根据句意，用疑问词what。故填what。【小题7】考查名词。句意：不幸的是，当时许多西方国家都在思考该怎么做，而中国的各行各业的人都在共同努力采取行动。walks of life各行各业。故填walks。【小题8】考查非谓语动词。句意：这样我们就能迅速控制疫情，开始恢复我们的经济。句中宾语epidemic与补足语control之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填controlled。【小题9】考查定语从句。句意：在这一时期，许多像钟南山、李兰娟这样不顾个人安危的英雄，成为了“最美丽的逆行者”。句中先行词为heroes，指人，在非限制性定
54、语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who引导。故填who。【小题10】考查连词。句意：我们为他们感到骄傲，我们也为我们的国家感到骄傲。前后句之间为并列关系，所以用连词and连接。故填and。六、答案： When I finished all of my, my family drove to the countryside for a holiday. On our way, my favorite scarf flew out of the window suddenly and gone. I felt very sad, regretting that when I hadnt kept t
55、he scarf well. Soon after, we stopped at a service station. upset, I found a bench and was about to my sandwich when a motorcyclist pulled into the station, “Is that your blue car?” he asked me. Although I felt, I nodded quickly. man pulled out the very scarf from backpack and handed it to me. He th
56、en returned his motorcycle and wanted to leave. I went up and repaid him by giving him a hug.解析：这是一篇记叙文。作者在去农村度假的路上方巾从车窗刮到外面，一位骑摩托车的男士把方巾还给作者，作者感激地给他一个拥抱。【详解】1. 考查名词单复数。句意：当我完成了所有的考试，我的家人开车去乡下度假。“exam”是可数名词。根据“all of ”可知，此处应用其复数形式。故把exam改成exams。2.考查时态。句意：在我们的路上，我最喜欢的围巾突然飞出窗外不见了。本文讲的是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。
57、故把is改成was。3.考查连词。句意：我感到很难过，后悔没有把围巾保管好。regretting后接宾语从句，句子成分完整，无需加when。故删除I前的when。4.考查现在分词。句意：我感到心烦意乱，找了条长凳正准备吃我的三明治，这时一个骑摩托车的人把车开进了车站。此处作状语，“Feel upset”是祈使句，不能作状语。主语“I”与“Feel”是主谓关系，用现在分词作状语。故把Feel改成Feeling。5.考查动词不定式。句意：我感到心烦意乱，找了条长凳正准备吃我的三明治，这时一个骑摩托车的人把车开进了车站。“be about to”中to为不定式符号，后面动词要用原形。故把ate改成e
58、at。6.考查形容词。句意：虽然我感到很惊讶，但还是很快地点了点头。surprising表示“令人吃惊的”，surprised表示“感到惊讶的”。故把surprising改成surprised。7.考查冠词。句意：那人从背包里拿出那条围巾，递给我。这里的man指上文提到的骑摩托车的人，应用定冠词。故把A改成The。8. 考查代词。句意：他从自己的背包拿出了“我”的围巾。由下文的“handed it to me”和“giving him a hug”故将my改为his。9.考查介词。句意：然后他回到摩托车上，想要离开。此处表示“回到摩托车旁”而不是“归还摩托车”。故在returned后加to。1
59、0.考查副词。句意：我走上前去，感激地给了他一个拥抱。根据句意，这里应用副词修饰动词repaid，故把thankful改成thankfully。七、答案：Dear Mr. Brown, I am writing to tell you about my voluntary experience during the National Day holiday to help the junior middle students in the mountain area. I took part in a two-day voluntary activity. We brought them so
60、me gifts. On the first day we had a party and we performed some interesting programs. On the second day, we helped them with their studies, especially English. I feel it my duty to make contributions to helping those in need. Best wishes.Yours,Li Hua八、答案：Dear Eric,Learning that you are addicted to m
61、artial arts, I am writing to sincerely invite you to join the martial arts club in our school aimed at developing our interests and improving our skills.Considering the enormous benefits, which we can gain steadily from martial arts practice, including keeping physically healthy, we are lost in trai
62、ning courses. Definitely, as for the activities, we will be honored to be given high-level training by a professional coach every Friday. Meanwhile, we would be divided into several groups to conduct competitions every two weeks.If you are interested in what I have stated above, sign up on our school website before September 1st. Im looking forward to your reply.14