1、话题阅读集训（二） 语言学习.阅读理解AIf you are like most students, you probably sit still while learning a new language. However, sitting still may not always be the best way to learn. English learners can improve their language skills through movement, says Tamara Jones. She works at the English Language Center at
2、 Howard Community College in Maryland.So, what is the relationship between physical movement and the brain? The idea is that the brain and the body are joined together. This means that one affects the other.Many people are familiar with the idea that the brain tells the body to move. And many people
3、 are familiar with the idea that repeating an action over and over again helps your brain to remember. However, some research, such as a study by Morsella and Krauss, suggests that your body might help your brain to find memories. Specifically, movements we make with our body, such as hand gestures,
4、 may help us to remember and use the correct words.This idea is part of the reason why experts on learning strategies, which are ways to improve the learning process, suggest using movements. One learning approach, the Cognitive Academic Language Learning Approach, or CALLA, calls the use of movemen
5、ts “Using Your Kinesthetic (动觉的) Sense”Beyond helping the brain to find memories, movements also aid in learning, says Tamara Jones. “Theres a lot of research that suggests what you do with your body, you remember with your brain. And also, a lot of these physical movements will encourage us in clas
6、s or in life, when we are practicing on our own, to repeat and repeat and repeat the word as we are doing the physical movement, and this also helps us remember the word.”语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，动起来有益于语言学习，也就是说大脑和肢体的结合有助于语言技能的提高。1Why does the author refer to Morsella and Krauss?ATo measure their achievem
7、ent.BTo prove Jones opinion right.CTo introduce the theme of the passage.DTo present a commonlyheld idea.解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“English learners can improve their language skills through movement”以及第三段中的“a study by Morsella and Krauss, suggests that your body might help your brain to find memories . a
8、nd use the correct words.”可知，Morsella和Krauss的观点是肢体可能有助于人们找寻记忆，记起并准确地使用单词，与文章首段中Tamara Jones的观点是一致的。因此作者提到这两个人是为了证明Tamara Jones的观点是正确的。故选B项。2How can physical movements affect ones learning?ABy shortening the repeating process.BBy motivating the brain to remember things.CBy helping one to study in a r
9、elaxed state.DBy enabling one to use advanced words.解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“movements we make with our body, such as hand gestures, may help us to remember and use the correct words”并结合最后一段的内容可知，肢体运动有助于刺激大脑进行记忆，由此可知选项B正确。3Which statement may Tamara Jones agree with?AKnowledge starts with practice.BThe
10、body can control the brain deeply.CMovements help the brain work better.DLanguage learners must be more active.解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的内容，尤其是“Beyond helping the brain to find memories, movements also aid in learning”可知，Tamara Jones的观点应是身体运动能帮助大脑更好地工作，有助于提高英语学习者的语言技能。因此选项C正确。4What does the underlined wor
11、d “this” in the last paragraph mean?APracticing English on your own.BSpeaking the word again and again.CGrasping an effective learning strategy.DRepeating words while moving your body.解析：选D代词指代题。根据最后一段中的“to repeat and repeat and repeat the word as we are doing the physical movement, and this also he
12、lps us remember the word”可知，this指代的应是最后一个and前的内容，即当我们在做身体运动时不断地重复单词。故选D项。BSequoyah was born in the 1770s and grew up in the Cherokee village of Tuskeegee, Tennessee. He was skilled at working with silver jewelry. One day Sequoyah was advised to put his name on the silver jewelry he made. However, he
13、 could not write his name because Cherokee was only a spoken language. Sequoyah decided to learn how to write his name, so he asked one of his customers to teach him, who knew English very well. From that time on, Sequoyah signed his work in English.Then Sequoyah realized that a written language was
14、 necessary for his people. In 1809, he started by making small drawings, and then he experimented with creating a letter for each sound in the Cherokee language. First, Sequoyah picked out all the sounds in the Cherokee language. Then he gave each sound a symbol. Unlike English, however, no two soun
15、ds shared the same symbol.Sequoyahs work was difficult and took him a lot of time. Worse, those around Sequoyah didnt understand what he was doing with all those strange symbols. Some raised doubts about his work. However, Sequoyah didnt stop working. In 1821, Sequoyah completed his alphabet (字母表).
16、Each symbol in the alphabet symbolized one of the eightyfive sounds in the Cherokee language. By saying the name of each symbol, a person could read the spoken word.Sequoyah taught the symbols to his sixyearold daughter, Ayoka. One day, they went to visit the elders of the Cherokee Nation. Seqouyah
17、asked Ayoka to leave while he wrote down what the elders said. When Ayoka returned, she read out loud what Sequoyah had written. The elders were stunned. Ayoka was able to repeat their words without being present! Sequoyahs alphabet was soon accepted as the written language of the Cherokee Nation.语篇
18、解读：本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了切罗基语文字的由来。5Sequoyah learned to sign his work _.Aso that he would become famousBwith the help of one of his customersCwhen he moved to a Cherokee villageDin order to save the Cherokee language解析：选B细节理解题。由第一段中的“he asked one of his customers to teach him”可知，B项正确。6What can we learn abou
19、t Sequoyahs alphabet?AIt is made up of eightyfive letters.BIt uses at least two letters to symbolize a sound.CIt was created in the early eighteenth century.DIt was the same as the English alphabet at first.解析：选A细节理解题。由第二段中的“he started . creating a letter for each sound”和第三段中的“the eightyfive sounds
20、in the Cherokee language”可知，他发明的字母表中共有85个字母，故选A项。7The underlined word “stunned” in the last paragraph probably means “_”AworriedBthankfulCregretful Dsurprised解析：选D词义猜测题。由该词后面的“Ayoka was able to repeat their words without being present！”可知，那些长者感到非常惊讶，故选D项。8What would be the best title for the text?AT
21、he Cherokee Nation BA popular languageCA gift beyond price DFine silver jewelry解析：选C标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Sequoyah是如何为切罗基族人的口头语言设计出一套实用的书写文字，这是一份无法用价钱来衡量的礼物，故C项作标题最佳。CDuring an airport delay the man to the left, a Korean perhaps, starts talking to the man opposite, who might be Colombian, and soon they are c
22、hatting away in what seems to be English. But the native English speaker sitting between them cannot understand what they are saying.The Korean and the Colombian are actually speaking Globish, the latest addition to the 6,800 languages that are said to be spoken across the world. Not that its invent
23、or, JeanPaul Nerrire, considers it a proper language.“It is not a language; it is a tool，” he says. “A language is the vehicle of a culture. Globish doesnt want to be that at all.” It is a means of simplifying the English language and giving it rules so it can be understood by all.Globish involves a
24、 vocabulary limited to 1,500 words, short sentences, basic grammar rules, and many hand gestures to get the point across. The word list goes from “able” to “zero”. “Niece and nephew are not included, but you can replace them with the children of my brother，” Nerrire says.The seeds for Globish came a
25、bout in the 1980s when Nerrire was working for IBM in Paris with colleagues of about 40 nationalities. At a meeting where they were to be addressed (演讲) by two Americans whose flight had been delayed, they started talking in their lowquality English. Then the Americans arrived and beyond their openi
26、ng phrases, “Call me Jim，” “Call me Bill，” no one understood a word. And Jim and Bill, needless to say, did not understand the audiences English.“My colleagues all, like me, spoke lowquality English. One might have a vocabulary of 2,000 words, another of 1,200 and not the same words. One of the thin
27、gs of interest in Globish is that with 1,500 words you can express everything. People all over the world will speak with the same limited vocabulary，” says Nerrire.Nerrire believes that with 182 hours learning the student should be able to communicate in Globish. It is not a pretty language full of
28、redundancies (多余；累赘) but Nerrire repeats that it is nothing but a tool. “It is not the language of great writers such as Shakespeare, Faulkner or Virginia Woolf，” he explains.语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章介绍了一种只有1 500个单词的国际辅助语全球语。9The native English speaker mentioned in the first paragraph _.Aknows the Colombian Bc
29、ant speak GlobishCdoesnt like chatting Dcan speak Korean解析：选B推理判断题。根据第一段的“But the native English speaker sitting between them cannot understand what they are saying.”可知，这个以英语为母语的人不懂全球语。故选B项。10According to Nerrire, Globish is _.Aa proper languageBthe vehicle of a cultureCa means of communicationDthe
30、rule of the English language解析：选C细节理解题。根据第三段的“It is not a language; it is a tool”和“It is a means . so it can be understood by all.”可知，Nerrire认为全球语只是一种交流的工具。故选C项。11Which of the following words can be used to describe the meeting in the 1980s?AInteresting. BAmazing.CUnimportant. DUnsuccessful.解析：选D推理判
31、断题。根据第五段可知，Nerrire和他的同事们听不懂两个美国人的演讲，美国人也听不懂观众的英语，由此可见这次会议很不成功。故选D项。12What can we learn about Globish?AIt creates many new words.BIt is very difficult to learn.CIt doesnt require grammar rules.DIt contains a list of 1,500 words.解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段的“Globish involves a vocabulary limited to 1,500 words”可知
32、，D项正确。DThere are around 6,000 living languages in the world and at least half of these are in danger. In every part of the world, languages are disappearing. In fact, one scientist has said that languages are in more danger of extinction than birds or mammals. Professor Steve Sutherland of the Unive
33、rsity of East Anglia says that in the past 500 years 4.5 percent of languages have died out compared with 1.3 percent of birds, and 1.9 percent of mammals.Languages come and go, and thousands have done exactly that without leaving any trace (痕迹). Only a very few Basque, Greek and Latin among them ha
34、ve lasted more than 2,000 years. But it seems that the pace of their disappearance is becoming quicker.The Ethnologue, a database of all the languages spoken in the world, states that 417 languages are spoken by so few people that they are in the final stages of becoming extinct. If very few people
35、speak a language, it will probably die out.Languages may be lost through migration (迁移), as people move from small towns to city centers, or when environments are destroyed by the search for oil or wood. Natural disasters can also devastate populations, and along with them, their language. Governmen
36、ts also play a role in the extinction of languages. The need to establish “official languages”， for a country to educate its children and carry out its business, had a disastrous effect on many small languages.What is lost if a language is lost? Some people argue that languages die as the human race
37、 develops. Obviously there could be great benefits if everyone in the world spoke the same language some industries already reflect this, with English essential for pilots and air traffic controllers. But there are more important things than convenience. As languages are lost, whole ways of life and
38、 knowledge may be lost along with them.To put it simply, language expresses something about identity, about our place in the world. Ani Rauhihi, a Maori teacher in New Zealands North Island, sums it up：“If you grow up speaking our language, you wont know who you are.”语篇解读：本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了语言不断消失的现象以及导致
39、语言消失的原因。13The figures mentioned in the first paragraph suggest that _.Amost languages have died out completelyBlanguages are in great danger of extinctionCanimals are disappearing faster than languagesDlanguages are disappearing slower than before解析：选B推理判断题。第一段罗列的数字就是为了说明科学家Steve Sutherland的观点：“lang
40、uages are in more danger of extinction than birds or mammals”，即语言比鸟类和哺乳动物消失的速度快。14The underlined word “devastate” in Paragraph 4 can best be replaced by “_”Aincrease BcontrolCdestroy Dimprove解析：选C词义猜测题。由第四段中的“Languages may be lost through migration (迁移)”和“Governments also play a role in the extincti
41、on of languages.”可知，本段主要讲述了导致语言消失的原因，故由此推断，devastate意为“毁坏”。15If a language is lost, _.Athere will be great troubleBthere is no need to worry about itCits culture and knowledge will also be lostDpeople will be able to communicate with others conveniently解析：选C细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“As languages are lost, whol
42、e ways of life and knowledge may be lost along with them.”可知，随着语言的消失，与之相应的生活方式和知识也会消失。16What can we infer from the last paragraph?ALanguages reflect our identity.BPeople will speak the same language one day.CFewer people will remember their own languages.DAni Rauhihi cares less about languages dying
43、 out.解析：选A推理判断题。由最后一段中的“language expresses something about identity, about our place in the world”以及Ani Rauhihi说的话可知，我们的语言反映了我们的身份和在世界上的位置。.完形填空If you want to learn a new language, the very first thing to think about is why. Do you need it for a _1_ reason, such as your job or your studies? _2_ perh
44、aps youre interested in the _3_， films or music of a different country and you know how much it will help to have a _4_ of the language.Most people learn best using a variety of _5_， but traditional classes are an ideal (理想的) start for many people. They _6_ an environment where you can practice unde
45、r the _7_ of someone whos good at the language. We all lead _8_ lives and learning a language takes _9_. You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a _10_. It doesnt matter if you havent got long. Becoming fluent in a language will take years, but learning to get by takes _
46、11_.Many people start learning a language and soon give up. “Im too _12_，” they say. Yes, children do learn languages more _13_ than adults, but research has shown that you can learn a language at any _14_. And learning is good for the health of your brain, too. Ive also heard people _15_ about the
47、mistakes they make when _16_. Well, relax and laugh about your mistakes _17_ youre much less likely to make them again.Learning a new language is never _18_. But with some work and devotion, youll make progress. And youll be _19_ by the positive reaction of some people when you say just a few words
48、in _20_ own language. Good luck!语篇解读：无论出于什么原因，无论以什么样的方式，无论多大年龄开始，学习一种新的语言绝对不是容易的事情。但是当你用所学的这种新语言和别人交流，并且得到积极回应的时候，你会感到很惊讶。1A.technical BpoliticalCpractical Dphysical解析：选C句意：你是出于哪种实际的原因而需要学习一种新语言的，比如工作或学业？technical“技术的”；political“政治的”；practical“实际的，实用的”；physical“身体的”。根据句意可知，C项正确。2A.After BSoCThough D
49、Or解析：选D前一句提到两种原因，这一句又提到另外一种可能，所以用or表示选择。3A.literature BtransportCagriculture Dmedicine解析：选A该空应该和后面的films和music是同一类的事物，故选A项，literature意为“文学”。transport“交通”；agriculture“农业”；medicine“医学”。4A.view BknowledgeCform Ddatabase解析：选B句意：你知道掌握这门语言会多么地有帮助。view“观点”；knowledge“知识”；form“形式”；database“数据库”。have a knowle
50、dge of the language“掌握这门语言”。根据句意可知，B项正确。5A.paintings BregulationsCmethods Dcomputers解析：选C后面说传统的课堂学习对大多数人来说是一种理想的开始方法，所以该空应该是说大家用“各种方法”去学习。故选C项。a variety of methods意为“各种方法”。6A.protect BchangeCrespect Dprovide解析：选D本句中的They指的是前文中的traditional classes，它们“提供”给人们学习的环境。故选D项。7A.control BcommandCguidance Dpre
51、ssure解析：选C“在擅长这种语言的人的指导下学习”，也就是在老师的指导下学习。under the guidance of sb.“在某人的指导下”。8A.busy BhappyCsimple Dnormal解析：选A根据语境可知，我们都过着繁忙的(busy)生活，而学习语言也需要花费时间(take time)。lead a . lifelive a . life“过着一种生活”。9A.courage BtimeCenergy Dplace解析：选B参见上题解析。10A.theory BbusinessCroutine Dproject解析：选C根据句意可以知道是“养成一种日常行为”。the
52、ory“理论”；business“商务”；routine“例行公事，常规”；project“工程，项目”。11A.some risks Ba lot lessCsome notes Da lot more解析：选B句意：流利地掌握一种语言需要花费几年的时间，但是学到过得去的程度花的时间就少多了。a lot less意为“少得多”。get by“勉强应付”。12A.old BnervousCweak Dtired解析：选A下文讲的是小孩和成年人学习语言的对比，所以许多人很快放弃学习新的语言因为他们觉得自己年龄“太大”了。故选A项。13A.closely BquicklyCprivately Dq
53、uietly解析：选B句意：是的，小孩学习语言确实比成年人要“快”。故选B项。14A.age BspeedCdistance Dschool解析：选A上文一直在说年龄的事情，所以这里应该是研究表明“在任何年龄(at any age)”你都可以学习一门语言。15A.worry BhesitateCthink Dquarrel解析：选A句意：我还听说人们在学习(learning)语言时担心(worry)他们会犯错误。16A.singing BworkingCbargaining Dlearning解析：选D参见上题解析。17A.if BandCbut Dbefore解析：选B本题考查“祈使句and
54、陈述句”这个特殊句型。该句型中的祈使句相当于if引导的条件状语从句。本句可改为：If you relax and laugh about your mistakes, youre much less likely to make them again.18A.tiresome BhardCinteresting Deasy解析：选D根据文章内容可以得知学习一种新的语言绝对不是“容易”的事情。故选D。19A.blamed BamazedCinterrupted Dinformed解析：选B根据语境可知，当你用某些人自己的语言仅说了几句话之后就得到他们积极的回应时，你将会为此感到“惊讶的”。20A.their BhisCour Dyour解析：选A本题考查代词，指前面第三人称的some people，故选A项。