1、上海市华东师范大学松江实验高级中学2021届高三英语上学期期中试题（含解析）II. Grammar and Vocabulary (30)Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other
2、 blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Success StoriesMercy Cherono is one of many very successful young athletes from Kenya. She was born in 1991 in the village of Kipajit. She is the oldest of six children, and some of the other children in her family are a
3、lso athletes. Her father, John Koech, runs a training camp in the village. During the school holidays, the camp _1_attract over 50 trainees.Cherono started running in primary school and continued when she went to secondary school in the nearby town of Sotik. At the age of 16, she participated in the
4、 2007 International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Cross Country Championships _2_(hold) in Mombasa, Kenya. It was her first international event. _3_the fact that she finished 23rd in the junior race, she had launched herself into international athletics. In the same year, at the
5、World Youth Championships at Ostrava in the Czech Republic, she won a gold medal in the 3,000-meter race, _4_she ran in the championship record time of 8:53:94.In the coming years, she continued to win gold medals at famous international championships. She is a two-time World Junior Champion in the
6、3,000-meter race, _5_(win) in Poland in 2008, and again in Canada in 2010. She also came in first in the 3,000-meter race at the 2009 Africa Junior Championships. However, Cherono is not just a middle-distance runner _6_she tried to sprint too early to the finishing line. After the race, Cherono cla
7、imed, “I _7_( not repeat) that mistake again.”The following year, at the same cross country race, Cherono proved _8_when she won a gold medal. Incredibly, all of the three runners-up were from Kenya, too. She and the Kenyan team came home to a heros welcome. Her coach was excited and owed the succes
8、s _9_she won the gold medal for the Kenya team to hard training and determination.”And her father said, “our child is a disciplined girl and the best _10_(take) instructions.” Perhaps one day Mercy Cherono will instruct future champions.【答案】1. can 2. held 3. Despite 4. which 5. winning 6. because 7.
9、 will not repeat 8. herself 9. where 10. taken【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了肯尼亚年轻运动员Mercy Cherono，介绍了她的家庭背景、个人经历以及所取得的成就。【1题详解】考查情态动词。句意：在学校放假期间，夏令营能够吸引50多名学员。后文attract为动词原形，可推知空处应填情态动词，且表示“能够”应用can。故填can。【2题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：16岁时，她参加了2007年在肯尼亚蒙巴萨举行的国际田径联合会世界越野锦标赛。分析句子结构可知hold在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the 2007 Internation
10、al Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF) World Cross Country Championships构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填held。【3题详解】考查介词。句意：尽管她在少年比赛中只获得23名，但她已投身国际田径运动。结合句意表示“尽管”应用介词despite，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Despite。【4题详解】考查定语从句。句意：同年，在捷克共和国的奥斯特拉瓦举行的世界青年锦标赛上，她在3000米赛跑中获得金牌，并以8分53秒94的成绩打破了冠军纪录。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the 3,000-meter
11、race，且先行词在从句中作宾语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她曾两次在3000米比赛中获得世界青少年冠军，2008年在波兰夺冠，2010年在加拿大夺冠。分析句子结构可知win在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语she构成主动关系，故应用现在分词作状语。故填winning。【6题详解】考查状语从句。句意：然而，Cherono不只是一个中长跑运动员，因为她试图过早地冲刺到终点线。引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”应用because。故填because。【7题详解】考查动词时态。句意：赛后，Cherono说：“
12、我不会再犯同样错误了。”结合语境表示将来发生的事情应用一般将来时，且为否定句，will后加not。故填will not repeat。【8题详解】考查代词。句意：第二年，在同样的越野比赛中，Cherono以金牌的成绩证明了自己。结合语境表示“证明她自己”应用反身代词herself。故填herself。【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：她的教练很兴奋，并把她为肯尼亚队赢得金牌的成功归功于刻苦训练和决心。此处为定语从句修饰先行词success，且先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。【10题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的父亲说：“我们的孩子是一个守纪律的女孩，接受了
13、最好的指导。”分析句子结构可知take在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语instructions构成被动关系，故应用过去分词。故填taken。Section BDirections: After reading the passage and the sentences below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. accurate B. alter
14、ation C. average D. calculates E. conceal F. enormously G. initial H. intervals I. merely J. multiply K. predictionBeyond two or three days, the worlds best weather forecasts are doubtful, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.The Butterfly Effect is the reason. For small pieces of weatherto a
15、global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzardsany _11_becomes worse rapidly. Errors and uncertainties _12_, gathering upward through a chain of unable features, from dust devils(尘旋风) and storms up to continent-size eddies(旋涡)_13_satellites can see.The modern weather models work with n
16、et-like points sixty miles apart, and even so, some _14_data have to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors placed one foot apart, rising at one-foot _15_ all the way to the top of the atmosphere. Suppose every sens
17、or gives perfectly _16_readings of temperature, pressure, humidity(温度), and any other data a weatherman would want. Exactly at noon a(n) _17_ powerful computer takes all the data and _18_what will happen at each point at 12.01, then 12.02, then 12.03The computer will still be unable to predict wheth
18、er Princeton will have sun or rain one month away. At noon the spaces between the sensors will _19_alterations that the computer will not know about, tiny variations from the _20_. By 12.01, those fluctuations will already have created small errors one foot away. Soon the errors will have added to t
19、he ten-foot scale，and so on up to the size of the globe.【答案】11. K 12. J 13. I 14. G 15. H 16. A 17. F 18. D 19. E 20. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要关于天气预报，世界上最好的两三天以上的天气预报是靠不住的，如果超过六七天，天气预报就没有任何价值了。文章分析了这背后的原因，以及进行天气预报的操作过程。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：对于全球预报员来说，小范围的天气可能意味着雷雨和暴风雪，任何预测都会迅速变得更糟。此处作主语，结合句意表示“预测”应用名词prediction，且表
20、抽象概念，不可数。故填prediction。故选K。【12题详解】考查动词时态。句意：误差和不确定性成倍增加，通过一连串无法预测的特征向上聚集，从尘旋风和风暴到只有卫星能看到的大陆大小的涡旋。此处作谓语，结合句意表示“成倍增加”应用动词multiply，且陈述客观事实应用一般现在时，主语为Errors and uncertainties，动词用原形。故填multiply。故选J。【13题详解】考查副词。句意：误差和不确定性成倍增加，通过一连串无法预测的天气状况向上聚集，从尘旋风和风暴到只有卫星能看到的大陆大小的涡旋。修饰后文整个句子，表示“只有”应用副词merely。故填merely。故选I。
21、【14题详解】考查形容词。句意：即使这样，一些最初的资料也不得不依靠推测，因为地面工作站和卫星不可能看到地球上的每一个地方。修饰后文名词data应用形容词，表示“最初的”应用initial作定语。故填initial。故选G。【15题详解】考查名词。句意：但假设地球上可以布满传感器，每个相隔1英尺，按1英尺的间隔从地面一直上升到大气层顶端。作宾语，结合句意表示“间隔”应用名词interval，此处间隔不止一处应用复数形式。故填intervals。故选H。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：假设每个传感器都非常准确地读出了温度、压力、湿度和气象员需要的任何其他数据。修饰后文名词readings应用形容
22、词，且表示“准确的”应用形容词accurate作定语。故填accurate。故选A。【17题详解】考查副词。句意：恰好在中午时分，一台力量非常强大的计算机将所有数据收集并计算出来，并计算出12. 01，12. 02，12. 03每个时间点会发生什么修饰后文形容词powerful，且表示“非常”应用副词enormously。故填enormously。故选F。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：恰好在中午时分，一台力量非常强大的计算机将所有数据收集并计算出来，并计算出12. 01，12. 02，12. 03每个时间点会发生什么结合句意“计算”可知应填动词calculate，作谓语，上文“takes
23、all the data and”提示应用一般现在时，主语为computer，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填calculates。故选D。【19题详解】考查动词时态。句意：中午时分，传感器之间的空隙会隐藏着计算机不知道的变化，与平均水平的微小变化。结合句意表示“掩盖”应用动词conceal，且由will可知为一般将来时，此处填动词原形。故填conceal。故选E。【20题详解】考查固定短语。句意：中午时分，传感器之间的空隙会隐藏着计算机不知道的变化，与平均水平的微小变化。结合句意表示“平均水平”短语为the average。故填average。故选C。III. Reading Comprehen
24、sion (45) Section A(15%)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The stress of daily life has given rise to a new phenomenon sleep texting. People with this conditio
25、n send text messages while asleep to their friends and family completely _21_ that they are doing it.Sleep specialist Dr. David Cunnington, of Melbourne Sleep Disorder Centre in Australia, said patients had reported _22_ of sleep texting and he has advised people to leave their _23_ outside the bedr
26、oom.He said: “We have had patients who have reported sending text messages to their friends and family while asleep. It is one of those things that happens, but it is very _24_, and certainly not a common trend.”_25_, there are no studies into sleep texting but a _26_ phenomenon, sleep emailing, was
27、 studied in 2008.Researchers at the University of Toledo reported the case of a woman, 44, who would _27_ emails while sound asleep. She had no recollection (记忆)of sending the emails when awake.Dr. Cunnington said cases of sleep emailing were more common, and were likely to have a more _28_ effect o
28、n the lives of sufferers.He said: “Emails can be sent to work colleagues and have much more serious _29_, whereas text messages are more likely to be _30_ sent to a friend or family member, so people arent as likely to complain of a problem.”Dr. Cunnington described sleep texting as the _31_ of peop
29、le having too much to do during waking life. He explained: People are doing so much during a normal day that it can mean that they feel like theyre “on call” even at night.“_32_ its so easy to receive emails constantly, and get notifications (通知) from smartphones, it becomes more difficult for us to
30、 _33_ our waking and sleeping lives.”Dr. Cunnington said people _34_ to get a quality nights sleep must realize that the key point is that people need to _35_ their sleep, and make an effort to switch off at night.21. A. consciousB. unawareC. secureD. grateful22. A. missionsB. intervalsC. coursesD.
31、incidents23. A. mobile phonesB. personal computersC. unfinished workD. sleeping pills24. A. trueB. commonC. obviousD. rare25. A. FortunatelyB. AdequatelyC. UnsurprisinglyD. Unbelievably26. A. similarB. strangeC. presentD. unique27. A. recallB. overlookC. composeD. recover28. A. generousB. internalC.
32、 harmfulD. positive29. A. consequencesB. preparationsC. significanceD. symptoms30. A. accidentallyB. purposefullyC. unreasonablyD. unwillingly31. A. temperB. resultC. excuseD. loss32. A. BecauseB. AlthoughC. Just asD. So33. A. combineB. satisfyC. describeD. separate34. A. appointingB. strugglingC. c
33、arryingD. affording35. A. recognizeB. ignoreC. restoreD. respect【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. C 28. C 29. A 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. B 35. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了日常生活的压力催生了一种新现象“睡眠短信”。患有这种病的人会在睡觉的时候给朋友和家人发短信，而他们自己完全没有意识到自己在这么做。睡眠专家David Cunnington博士对产生这一问题导致的不良影响和产生原因进行了说明，他建议人们在晚上睡觉时手
34、机关机。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：患有这种病的人会在睡觉的时候给朋友和家人发短信，他们完全没有意识到自己在这么做。A. conscious意识到的；B. unaware未察觉到的；C. secure安全的；D. grateful感激的。根据上文“People with this condition send text messages while asleep to their friends and family”可知人们是在睡觉的时候发短信，可见是“没有意识到”自己在这么做。故选B。【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：澳大利亚墨尔本睡眠障碍中心的睡眠专家David Cunn
35、ington博士说，有患者报告说自己曾在睡觉时发短信，他建议人们把手机放在卧室外面。A. missions任务；B. intervals间隔；C. courses课程；D. incidents事件。根据后文“We have had patients who have reported sending text messages to their friends and family while asleep.”可知，曾经发生过患者报告说自己曾在睡觉时发短信的事件。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词短语辨析。句意：澳大利亚墨尔本睡眠障碍中心睡眠专家David Cunnington博士说，有患者报告说
36、自己曾在睡觉时发短信，他建议人们把手机放在卧室外面。A. mobile phones手机，移动电话；B. personal computers私人电脑；C. unfinished work未完成品；D. sleeping pills安眠药。结合上文“texting(发短信)”可知此处是指把手机放在卧室外面。故选A。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是发生过的事情之一，但非常罕见，当然也不是普遍趋势。A. true真实的；B. common普通的；C. obvious明显的；D. rare稀有的，罕见的。结合后文“and certainly not a common trend”可知这类
37、事件虽然发生过，但不是普遍趋势，是很罕见的。故选D。【25题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，目前还没有关于“睡眠短信”的研究，但类似的现象“睡眠电邮”，在2008年就有过研究。A. Fortunately幸运地；B. Adequately充分地；C. Unsurprisingly毫不奇怪的，不出所料地；D. Unbelievably难以置信地。上文中“certainly not a common trend”提到这并不是普遍趋势，所以不出所料，也就没有关于“睡眠短信”的研究。故选C。【26题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不出所料，目前还没有关于“睡眠短信”的研究，但类似的现象“睡眠电
38、邮”，在2008年就有过研究。A. similar类似的；B. strange奇怪的；C. present目前的；D. unique独特的。根据后文“sleep emailing, was studied in 2008”以及“emails while sound asleep”可知“睡眠电邮”是在睡梦中发电子邮件，所以是与“睡眠短信”类似的现象。故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：托莱多大学的研究人员报告了一名44岁的女性的案例，她在熟睡中撰写电子邮件。A. recall回想起；B. overlook忽略；C. compose写作，创作；D. recover恢复。根据后文“emai
39、ls while sound asleep”可知指这位女性在熟睡中写电子邮件。故选C。【28题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：康宁顿博士说，在睡眠时发电子邮件的情况更常见，而且可能对患者的生活产生更有害的影响。A. generous慷慨的；B. internal内部的；C. harmful有害的；D. positive积极的。结合后文“Emails can be sent to work colleagues and have much more serious”提到这些睡眠时发出的电子邮件可能会造成的不良影响，可知，在睡眠时发电子邮件对患者的生活产生更有害的影响。故选C。【29题详解】考查名
40、词词义辨析。句意：他说:“电子邮件会被发送给同事，后果要严重得多，而短信更有可能被意外地发送给朋友或家人，所以人们不太可能抱怨这个问题。”A. consequences结果；B. preparations准备；C. significance重要性；D. symptoms症状。结合上文“Emails can be sent to work colleagues”可知此处指发给同事的电子邮件所造成的严重后果。故选A。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：他说:“电子邮件会被发送给同事，后果要严重得多，而短信更有可能被意外地发送给朋友或家人，所以人们不太可能抱怨这个问题。”A. accidental
41、ly意外地；B. purposefully有目的地；C. unreasonably不合理地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。上文提到“睡眠短信”的患者是在睡眠中发短信的，因此短信是意外（accidentally）发给朋友或家人。故选A。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：康宁顿博士称，睡梦中发短信是因为人们在醒着的时候有太多事情要做。A. temper脾气；B. result结果；C. excuse借口；D. loss损失。结合前后文语境“sleep texting as the of people having too much to do during waking life”可知
42、此处为短语as the result of表示“因为，由于”。故选B。【32题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：“因为很容易就可以时常收到电子邮件和来自智能手机的通知，所以我们很难把醒着的生活和睡着的生活分开。”A. Because因为；B. Although虽然；C. Just as正像；D. So所以。结合前后文语境可知为因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句。故选A。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“因为很容易就可以时常收到电子邮件和来自智能手机的通知，所以我们很难把醒着的生活和睡着的生活分开。”A. combine结合；B. satisfy满足；C. describe描述；D.
43、separate分开。结合上文可知患有“睡眠短信”和“睡眠电邮”是因为人们很容易收到邮件和通知，导致人们无法把清醒时的生活和睡着的生活分开，才产生了这一问题。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：康宁顿博士说，那些难以获得高质量睡眠的人必须意识到，关键是人们需要尊重自己的睡眠，并努力在晚上关掉手机。A. appointing任命；B. struggling挣扎；C. carrying搬运；D. affording付得起。结合后文“to get a quality nights sleep”以及“make an effort to switch off at night”可知康宁顿博士此
44、处是针对那些难以获得高质量睡眠的人提出的建议。故选B。【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：康宁顿博士说，那些难以获得高质量睡眠的人必须意识到，关键是人们需要尊重自己的睡眠，并努力在晚上关掉手机。A. recognize识别；B. ignore忽视；C. restore恢复；D. respect尊重。根据后文“make an effort to switch off at night”可知博士建议人们尊重睡眠，在睡眠时间不要使用手机。故选D。Section BDirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is follow
45、ed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)A 69-year-old grandmother with no teeth of her own has eventually won a long legal battl
46、e to stop a Scottish regional council (政务委员会) adding fluoride (氟化物) chemical to the public water supply.In a case which has already cost the taxpayer 1,000,000 the judge ruled that it was beyond the powers of the local authority to add the chemical to the water in order to reduce tooth decay.At her
47、home last night Mrs Catherine McColl said “I did what I thought was right and I would do it again too. She claimed that adding fluoride to public drinking water made it into some kind of dirty soup . “Where would it stop?” she asked. “They might come up with the idea of putting drugs into the water
48、to keep the unemployed quiet.” It was a horrible poison she said that could have caused all kinds of diseases including cancer.The judge however concluded that there was no evidence to suggest that the inclusion of fluoride in the water supply would have had a negative effect on public health. Altho
49、ugh the chemical might serve as an efficient and convenient means of achieving a beneficial effect on the dental health of consumers generally, he said, and its use was greatly favoured by the dental profession, he could also understand why some members of the public, Mrs. McColl in particular, migh
50、t be passionately opposed to the action of the Water Authority in assuming the right to improve public well-being without consulting the public in the first case. The Authoritys legal duty to provide “wholesome” water for public consumption which was both safe and pleasant to drink did not he said e
51、xtend to their right to safeguard public health by chemical means.36. Mrs. McColl felt so strongly about the fluoride issue that she eventually _.A. took the local council to courtB. had a physical fight with the judgeC. urged the authority to apologizeD. spent much money removing the chemical37. Ac
52、cording to what the judge said in the passage adding fluoride to the water_.A. was not proved to be harmfulB. was the duty of the local authorityC. was strongly opposed by dentistsD. was surely beneficial to the public38. The word wholesome in the last paragraph can be best replaced by the word_.A.
53、clearB. non-poisonousC. healthyD. recycled39. From the passage we learn that people like Mrs McColl are more concerned about_.A. the improvement of their personal healthB. the problem of unemployment in their communityC. the chemicals to be used for the improvement of water qualityD. their right to
54、be informed of the authorities decisions【答案】36. A 37. A 38. C 39. D【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要讲述了麦科尔夫人把苏格兰地方政务委员会告上了法庭，想要阻止苏格兰政务委员会在公共供水中添加氟化物。法官判定地方政务委员会败诉，因为其责任只是为公众提供健康的饮用水，而无权将职责扩展到通过添加化学物质来保障公众健康。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“A 69-year-old grandmother with no teeth of her own has eventually won a long legal battle to
55、 stop a Scottish regional council (政务委员会) adding fluoride (氟化物) chemical to the public water supply.(一位没有牙齿的69岁祖母最终赢得了一场旷日持久的法律战，阻止苏格兰政务委员会在公共供水中添加氟化物)”以及第二段“In a case which has already cost the taxpayer 1,000,000 the judge ruled that it was beyond the powers of the local authority to add the chemic
56、al to the water in order to reduce tooth decay.(在这起已经花费了纳税人100万英镑的案件中，法官裁定，向水中添加这种化学物质以减少龋齿超出了地方当局的权力)”可知，麦科尔夫人对添加氟化物有强烈的看法，导致她最终将委员会告上了法庭。故选A。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中“The judge however concluded that there was no evidence to suggest that the inclusion of fluoride in the water supply would have had a neg
57、ative effect on public health.(然而，法官的结论是，没有证据表明，在供水中加入氟化物会对公众健康产生负面影响)”可知，根据法官的说法，向水中添加氟化物没有被证明是有害的。故选A。【38题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“water for public consumption which was both safe and pleasant to drink”可知，此处指当局有为公众提供既安全又优良的健康的饮用水的法律责任。故画线词意思为“健康的”。A. clear清楚的；B. non-poisonous无毒的；C. healthy健康的；D. recycled回
58、收利用的。故选C。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Although the chemical might serve as an efficient and convenient means of achieving a beneficial effect on the dental health of consumers generally, he said, and its use was greatly favoured by the dental profession, he could also understand why some members of the publ
59、ic, Mrs. McColl in particular, might be passionately opposed to the action of the Water Authority in assuming the right to improve public well-being without consulting the public in the first case.(他说，虽然这种化学品可能是一种有效和方便的方法，对消费者的牙齿健康普遍产生有益的影响，而且牙科专业非常赞成使用这种化学品，但他也能理解为什么一些公众，特别是像McColl夫人这样的人，可能会强烈反对水务局
60、的行动，即首先在没有咨询公众的情况下，承担改善公众福祉的权利)”可推知，像麦科尔女士这样的人更关心自己有权了解当局的决定。故选D。(B)Home Laundry Automatic Dryer ProductFull Two Year Warranty（保修）Limited Five Year Warranty on Cabinet（机箱）Warranty Provides for：FIRST TWO YEARS Amana will repair or replace any faulty part free of charge.THIRD THRU FIFTH YEARS Amana wi
61、ll provide a free replacement part for any cabinet which proves faulty due to rust（生锈）.Warranty Limitations： Warranty begins at date of original purchase. Applies only to product used within the United States or in Canada if product is approved by Canadian Standards Association when shipped from fac
62、tory. Products used on a commercial or rental basis not covered by this warranty. Service must be performed by an Amana servicer. Adjustments covered during first year only.Warranty Does Not Cover It If： Product has damage due to product change，connection to an improper electrical supply shipping an
63、d handling, accident, fire, floods, lightning or other conditions beyond the control of Amana. Product is improperly installed（安装）or applied.Owners Responsibilities： Provide sales receipt. Normal care and repair. Having the product reasonably accessible for service. Pay for service calls related to
64、product installation or usage instructions. Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges, if servicer is requested to perform service outside servicer normal business hours.* In no event shall Amana be responsible for consequential damages（间接损坏）.* This warranty gives you specific legal r
65、ights, and you may have others which vary from state to state For example, some states do not allow the exclusion（排除）or limitation of consequential damages, so this exclusion may not apply to you.40. According to Warranty Limitations, a product can be under warranty if .A used in the U.S. A.B. rente
66、d for home useC. repaired by the user himselfD. shipped from a Canadian factory41. According to Owners Responsibilities, an owner has to pay for .A. the product installationB. a servicers overtime workC. the loss of the sales receiptD. a mechanics transportation42. Which of the following is true acc
67、ording to the warranty?A. Consequential damages are excluded across America.B. A product damaged in a natural disaster is covered by the warranty.C. A faulty cabinet due to rust can be replaced free in the second year.D. Free repair is available for a product used improperly in the first year.【答案】40
68、. A 41. B 42. C【解析】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍家用洗衣自动烘干机产品的保修说明。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据Warranty Limitations： Applies only to product used within the United States可知，根据保修限制，如果在美国使用，产品可以在保修期内。故A项正确。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据Owners Responsibilities： Pay for extra service costs, over normal service charges可知，根据业主的责任，业主必须为服务人员的加班工作支付费用
69、。故B项正确。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据Warranty Provides for的内容可知，可知，一个有缺陷的橱柜在第二年就可以被替换掉，如果是由于生锈导致的机箱出现故障，那么厂家将会免费更换。故C项正确。(C)Is growth good for biodiversity（生物多样性）? To answer the question, it is critical to define what we mean by growth. Is growth gross domestic product (GDP), the “monetary value of all the finishe
70、d goods within a countrys borders”? Or does it mean improving the human standard of living? Today, when people say growth, they mean GDP, a measure that is over 70 years old. Actually GDP demonstrates negative implications for biodiversity, as this “growth” measures only money inflows while far more
71、 important is the balance sheet, which shows properties and debts. As biodiversity delivers no cash, it has no place in GDP system, but biodiversity provides the asset side of the balance sheet, such as forests, rivers, wetlands and animals-the list goes on. It is argued that growth is good for biod
72、iversity in the long run as there is an environmental Kuznets curve where environmental conditions get worse in the early stages of modern economic growth, but improve once a growth level has been reached. According to some people, once GDP has been right, more resources are to invest in conservatio
73、n, and new technologies are used to protect the nature. They said people would have more interest in protection the environment, and some of the forests started to return and many pollutants were almost eliminated. Standing in America today it might appear that the environmental Kuznets curve works.
74、At first sight there appears to be a logic. Today the US GDP is increasing while many precious species populations are also recovering? Such conditions, according to some people, can be explained by greater efficiency in cars or more efficient agricultural production. But in fact, the majority of th
75、e negative impacts have simply been explored. The high-polluting industries have been outsourced to developing nations. Therefore the bitterest punishments are largely felt beyond the borders while we Americans are enjoying high GDP and selfish biodiversity at the same time. This can be seen in the
76、WWF annual Report, where species population trends are increasing by 7% in high-income countries and declining in middle- and low-income countries by 31% and 60% respectively.It is self-evident that growth, as currently defined, has a major negative impact upon biodiversity. What needs to change is
77、the definition of growth from a GDP-essential concept to a balance-sheet approach. Organizations and world community should work on creating new vision or reform that will help ensure a real balance between an improving standard of human life and a thriving biodiverse landscape.43. According tothe p
78、assage, the authors opinion toward GDP is that GDP .A. has nothing to do with biodiversity as it serves as an economic rulerB. shouldnt have ignored biodiversity as it does good to balance sheetC. is out-dated as it leaves out productions outside a countrys bordersD. is useful economic indicators as
79、 it honestly follows the Kuznets curves44. The environmental Kuznets curve is seemingly working because .A. when US economy is strong, people have more interest in environment protectionB. high GDP helps to introduce high technology for environment protectionC great fuel efficiency in cars and agric
80、ulture helps to protect environmentD. the US makes other weak nations take the harmful consequences45. The authors main opinion about growth-biodiversity is that .A. Theres no clear relationship between growth and biodiversityB. Biodiversity condition agrees with a countrys economic growthC. Growth
81、harms biodiversity with todays GDP-centred systemD. The author is not sure about the exact influence of growth on biodiversity46. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. GDP focuses on balance sheet rather than monetary increase.B. Within borders, America is enjoying a
82、better biodiversity right now.C. Many low-income nations are having a higher GDP growth than the U.S.D. Creative ways have been found to balance life standard and biodiversity【答案】43. B 44. D 45. B 46. B【解析】本文为议论文。文章以增长是否有利于生物多样性为论点展开议论。作者通过分析生物多样性与当今人们认为的GDP增长的关系，得出人们自定义的增长对生物多样性有重大的负面影响，并且呼吁我们改变对增长
83、的定义，致力于创造新的愿景或改革，以帮助确保在人类生活水平的提高和欣欣向荣的生物多样性之间实现真正的平衡。【43题详解】观点态度题。根据第一段最后一句“it has no place in GDP system, but biodiversity provides the asset side of the balance sheet, such as forests, rivers, wetlands and animals-the list goes on.(它在GDP体系中没有一席之地，但生物多样性提供了资产负债表的资产一面，如森林、河流、湿地和动物-这份清单还在继续。)”可知，虽然生物
84、多样性在GDP体系中没有位置，但是生物多样性提供了资产负债表的资产面，所以作者认为GDP体系不应该忽视生物多样性。故选B项。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段“The high-polluting industries have been outsourced to developing nations. （高污染工业已经被外包给了发展中国家）”以及“Therefore the bitterest punishments are largely felt beyond the borders while we Americans are enjoying high GDP and selfi
85、sh biodiversity at the same time.（当我们美国人同时享受着高GDP和自私的生物多样性时，最严厉的惩罚在很大程度上是在国外感受到的。）”可知，环境库兹涅茨曲线看起来可行是因为美国在发展经济的时候让落后国家承担了经济发展对物种多样性的负面影响。故选D项。【45题详解】观点态度题。根据最后一段“What needs to change is the definition of growth from a GDP-essential concept to a balance-sheet approach. ”可知，作者认为为了保护生物多样性，我们需要做的就是转变对发展的
86、定义，即由重视GDP的发展转变到资产负债的发展，最后到达作者提到的“ a real balance between an improving standard of human life and a thriving biodiverse landscape.（人类生活水平的提高和生物多样性之间的真正平衡。）”，即生物多样性环境与一个国家的经济增长相符。故选B项。【46题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Americans are enjoying high GDP and selfish biodiversity（美国人同时享受着高GDP和被保护好的生物多样性）”以及“species popul
87、ation trends are increasing by 7% in high-income countries and declining in middle- and low-income countries by 31% and 60% respectively.（物种数量趋势在高收入国家分别增长7%，在中低收入国家分别下降31%和60%）”可知，美国享有更好的生物多样性权利。故选B项。Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentenc
88、e can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Many people know that trash is a
89、 big problem on planet Earth. What many people dont know is that trash has become a problem in outer space too. _47_Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth. And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes or radars.
90、_48_Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to people, particularly astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spacecraft, it could damage t
91、he vehicle. Thats because the faster an object moves, the greater the impact if the object collides with something else.To help minimize additional space junk, countries around the world have agreed to limit the time their space tools stay in orbit to 25 years. Each tool must be built to fall safely
92、 into the earths atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that. _49_Many scientists are also proposing different ways to clean up space junk. The Germans have been planning a space mission with robots that would collect pieces of space trash and bring them back to Earth so tha
93、t they can be safely destroyed.In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and its quite urgent as well, said Marco Castronuovo, an Italian Space Agency researcher who is working to solve the problem. _50_ Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers.The ti
94、me to act is now; as we go farther in time we will need to remove more and more fragments, he says.A. One reason that its urgent is that countries are sending more and more objects into space.B. There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we cant see.C. Blowing up older satellites with a
95、missile may create thousands of smaller pieces!D. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.E. When two objects in space collide, the two objects break into many smaller pieces.F. Years of space exploration have left tons of “space junk” in orbit around the planet.【答案】47. F 48. B 49. D 5
96、0. A【解析】【分析】本文属于说明文，介绍太空垃圾越来越严重，急需解决的问题。【47题详解】根据后一句Statistically, there are more than 22,000 pieces of junk in space around the earth.可知，数据上来看，地球周围的太空超过22000块垃圾，F选项，多年的太空探索在地球轨道上留下了数以吨计的垃圾，后一句例举了具体的数据，承接后文，切题，故选F。【48题详解】根据前一句And these are just the items that we can see from the surface of the earth
97、 by telescopes or radars.可知，那些垃圾都是可以通过望远镜和雷达观察到的，B选项，还有很多小块垃圾我们看不清，与前一句形成对比，切题，故选B。【49题详解】根据前一句Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earths atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that.可知，每个发射工具必须能够安全落入地球的大气层，D选项，在地球的大气层上空，这些太空探测工具能够燃烧，陈述前一句话的结果和目的，切题，故选D。【50题详解】根据本
98、段第一句In our opinion the problem is very challenging, and its quite urgent as well以及后一句Many of these objects are tools that help people use their cell phones or computers.可知，太空垃圾问题很难解决，也很紧急，A选项，紧急的原因在于人们发射了更多的卫星到太空，这些卫星主要用于帮助人们上网，讲述紧急的原因，切题，故选A。【点睛】句子选择题做题技巧。做题的时候边读边做。各个问题附近的句子都需要重点阅读，圈画一些线索，再从选项中寻找相关
99、的特征词用来判断正确答案。带入排除法也是一种很好的方法。另外，如果发现有一题拿不准的，先跳过，先做容易的能做出的题，直到读完整篇文章。至此，文章的要点和主旨、各个段落之间的逻辑关系应该基本就能清楚了。然后再回过去做之前不确定的题目。比如小题3，根据前一句Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earths atmosphere, or the mass of gases that surround the earth, after that.可知，每个发射工具必须能够安全落入地球的大气层，D选项，在地球的大气层上空，这些太空探测工具能够燃
100、烧，陈述前一句话的结果和目的，切题，故选D。IV. Summary Writing51. Curiosity Is an Increasingly Rare VirtueMost of the breakthrough discoveries and remarkable inventions throughout history, from flints (打火石) for starting a fire to self-driving cars, have something in common: They are the result of curiosity. But the jour
101、nalist Ian Leslie, in his newly-published book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that curiosity is a much overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and we are losing it.Leslie presents considerable evidence for the claim that the society as a whole is grow
102、ing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the readers borders. Indeed, Google, for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊):
103、we seek only the information we want. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship (企业家精神). Wors
104、e still, that lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.Fortunately, some strategies can be employed to develop curiosity: If you just accept the world as it is without trying to dig deeper, you will c
105、ertainly lose the holy curiosity. Of course, one effective way to dig deeper beneath the surface is asking questions: What is that? Why is it made that way? Who invented it? How does it work? .And if you see learning as a burden, theres no way you will want to dig deeper into anything. That will jus
106、t make the burden heavier. But if you think of learning as something fun, you will naturally want to dig deeper._【答案】Although curiosity is essential to humans success, its gradually neglected / increasingly rare now. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute
107、to peoples declining curiosity. Whats worse, lacking curiosity costs people innovation, entrepreneurship and even knowledge. Therefore, we should keep asking questions to dig deeper and not see it as a burden. 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇文章概要。文章主题是“好奇心是一种越来越罕见的美德”。【详解】纵观历史，大多数突破性的发现和非凡的发明都有一个共同点:它们都是好奇心的结果。莱斯利提出了相
108、当多的证据，说明社会作为一个整体正在变得越来越不好奇。莱斯利认为，人们对文学小说兴趣的下降也是原因之一。因为没有好奇心，我们就会失去创新和创业的精神。幸运的是，一些培养好奇心的方法是可以使用的。我们要通读全文掌握主题和分析出每段的重点和要点，通过对整篇文章的分析，要概括出好奇心的重要性及其逐渐丢失的现状，阐述导致这种现状的原因和解决办法。V. Translation (3+3+4+5=15)52. 爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient）(汉译英）【答案】There is something wrong with grandpas ears, so be patient with him
109、.【解析】【详解】考查短语和时态。结合句意表示“耳背”可翻译为there be something wrong with ones ears；表示“对某人耐心”短语为be patient with sb.；此处为so连接并列句，且前半句陈述事实应用一般现在时，后半句为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故翻译为There is something wrong with grandpas ears, so be patient with him.53. 年轻人要有雄心壮志，不应安于现状。（satisfy）(汉译英）【答案】The youth should have the great ambition
110、and should not be satisfied with things as they are.【解析】【详解】考查固定短语和情态动词。根据句意表示“有雄心壮志”可翻译为have the great ambition；表示“安于现状”可翻译为be satisfied with things as they are；且should后跟动词原形，故翻译为The youth should have the great ambition and should not be satisfied with things as they are.54. 只有发展好、运用好、治理好互联网，才能使其更好
111、地造福人类。（only）(汉译英）【答案】Only by developing, using and governing the Internet can it bring more benefits to mankind.【解析】【详解】考查部分倒装和非谓语动词。根据句意“发展”可知应用动词develop；表示“运用”可用动词use；表示“治理”可用动词govern，此处作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式；表示“造福”可知短语为bring benefits to sb.；且“only+状语”位于句首时，句子的主语和谓语要用部分倒装，此处应将情态动词can提前到主语it之前。故翻译为Only b
112、y developing, using and governing the Internet can it bring more benefits to mankind.55. 翻译句子我们付出的每一次努力未必都能成功，但是但凡值得我们做的事情都值得做好。(worth)_【答案】Every effort that we make can / may not be successful, but whatever is worth our / us doing is worth our / us doing well. / Every effort that we make is not nec
113、essarily successful. / Every effort that we put in is not always going to / does not always work, 【解析】【详解】考查主语从句和worth的用法。句中使用whatever引导的主语从句和“be worth doing sth”主动形式，表达被动意义，结合所给汉语可知effort后要用that引导的定语从句，再结合其它汉语提示，故本句可译为：Every effort that we make can / may not be successful, but whatever is worth our
114、 / us doing is worth our / us doing well. / Every effort that we make is not necessarily successful. / Every effort that we put in is not always going to / does not always work, 【点睛】本题考查be worth doing值得做，此处是用主动形式表达被动意义，例如：The book is worth reading.这本书值得读。You should do what is worth doing.你应该做值得做的事。V
115、L. Guided Writing56. Directions: Write an English composition in 100150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 古人云：“天生我材必有用”（There must be a use for my talent.) 通过描述你生活中的一件事情，说明人各有所长，无论才能大小都能成为有用的人。_【答案】There is an old English saying that there must be a use for my talent. I hav
116、e regarded it as my motto for many years. From my point of view, there is no difference between one person and another. With some useful talent, you will make your contributions to this society.When I was ten years old there was an old man living at the corner of xx Road. He didnt have the opportuni
117、ty to study in school, but he learned how to make wood furniture. Every time people went to ask him to solve some problems of furniture, he was willing to help them.To my surprise, in his spare time, he would make some toys with small pieces of wood. Some of them were sold to the toy store and other
118、s were given to us. The moment I see the lovely toys made by this old man, I will remember the happy childhood.From this old man, we can see whatever kind of talent you have, you can find your own method to display your talent. The most important factor is your confidence. If you believe that there
119、must be a use for my talent, you will succeed.【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。要求考生通过描述生活中的一件事情，说明人各有所长，无论才能大小都能成为有用的人。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：记叙文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般过去时和一般现在时,少量现在完成时和一般将来时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：描述生活中的一件事情，说明人各有所长，无论才能大小都能成为有用的人。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）there is no difference; make your contributions to
120、this society; an old man; how to make wood furniture; was willing to help them; make some toys; look forward to第三步：连词成句1. From my point of view, there is no difference between one person and another.2. With some useful talent, you will make your contributions to this society.3. He didnt have the opp
121、ortunity to study in school, but he learned how to make wood furniture. 4. Every time people went to ask him to solve some problems of furniture, he was willing to help them.5. To my surprise, in his spare time, he would make some toys with small piece s of wood. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句
122、成篇（衔接词）1.表转折对比关系：but, Some,while others连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1. The moment I see the lovely toys made by this old man, I will remember the happy childhood.（the moment引导的时间状语从句）高分句型2. He didnt have the opportunity to study in school, but he learned how to make wood furniture.（but表示转折关系）高分句型3. To my surprise, in his spare time, he would make some toys with small piece s of wood.（固定短语to ones surprise和in ones spare time）