1、Book 1Unit 4Earthquakes(主题语境:人与自然灾害防范)A disaster is not terrible and the terrible thing is there is no hope in the heart.灾难并不可怕,可怕的是心中没有了希望。1.burst vi.爆裂;爆发 n.突然破裂;爆发语法填空Just now, the naughty boy burst my room and burst out (laugh). However, I had no idea why he burst into (laugh). Thus, I was burst
2、ing with (angry).句型升级When they heard the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple burst into tears. the bad news that their son died in the earthquake, the couple . (分词作状语+同义短语替代)1.答案intolaughinglaughterangerHearing;burst out cryingburst in/burst into a room闯入;突然破门而入burst out 突然开始b
3、urstoutcrying/laughingburstintotears/laughter突然哭起来/笑起来a burst of.突然的一阵助记2.ruin n.毁灭;废墟vt.毁灭;使破产单句填空Who would want (ruin) their good workout by eating junk food?(2018课标全国)With time going on, the castle which was once very beautiful is now completely ruins.句型升级I made a mistake. It ruined my chance of
4、going abroad.I made a mistake, . (定语从句)I made a mistake, . (分词作状语)2.答案to ruininwhich ruined my chance of going abroadruining my chance of going abroadlie/be in ruins 成为废墟,破败不堪fall into ruin 衰落,败落be reduced to ruins 沦为废墟ruin oneself 毁掉自己;自取灭亡ruin ones health/fame/future毁掉某人的健康/声誉/前途3.injure vt.损害;伤害单
5、句填空Two-thirds of them died or (injure)during the earthquake.(教材原句)These chemicals come from the (injure) parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm.句型升级His left foot was seriously injured, so he missed the important match. , he missed the important match. (with 复合结构)3.答案were injured injuredWith his
6、left foot seriously injured(1)injured adj.受伤的the injured伤员(2)injury n.伤;伤口;伤害do sb./oneself an injury伤害某人/自己易错the injured作主语时,谓语动词常常使用复数形式。4.bury vt.掩埋;埋葬;隐藏单句填空He stood on the sidewalk with his hands (bury) in the pockets.He sank down on the ground, (bury) his face in his hands.句型升级The boy was buri
7、ed in computer games and he didnt notice the teacher come in. computer games, the boy didnt notice the teacher come in. (过去分词作状语) computer games, the boy didnt notice the teacher come in. (现在分词作状语)4.答案buriedburyingBuried inBurying himself inbury.in.把埋到里;使沉浸于bury oneself in埋头于;专心于;沉浸于be buried in埋头于;
8、专心于;沉浸于联想表示“专心于;致力于”的其他常见短语:be devoted to;be lost/absorbed in;focus/concentrate on;fix/concentrate ones attention on5.judge vt.断定;判断;判决 n.裁判员;法官单句填空You also need (judge) the quality and depth of your motivation.(2019课标全国) (judge) from the story, we can come to the conclusion that we cant judge a boo
9、k its cover.写作微测我认为这是一个你了解中国音乐的好机会。(2019课标全国书面表达), this is a golden opportunity for you to learn about the Chinese music.5.答案to judgeJudging;from/byAs far as I can judge/In my judgment(1)judge.from/by.从来判断judge sb. to be判断某人为as far as I can judge据我判断;我认为(2)judging by/from从上看;根据判断(3)in ones judgment
10、依某人看来易错judging from/by 表示“从上看,根据判断”,用在句首时为一个独立成分,不受句子主语和时态的影响。1.at an end 结束;终结单句填空It seemed as if the world was at end!(教材原句)By the end of last week, I (finish)most of the work.At first he refused to accept any responsibility but he ended up (apologize). Smell the flowers before you go to sleep, an
11、d you may just end up sweet dreams.一句多译不知不觉这次采摘(picking)活动就结束了。(2020课标全国书面表达)before we knew it. (at an end) before we knew it. (come to an end)1.答案anhad finishedapologizingwithThe picking activity was at an endThe picking activity came to an end(1)at the end of在尽头/末端in the end最后,终于by the end of 到时候为
12、止(常与完成时连用)put/bring an end to sth.使结束come to an end完成;结束(2)end up with以结束end up doing sth.以做某事结束end up in以告终;结果为2.a (great) number of 许多;大量的单句填空A number of students (be) in the dining hall now.Yes. The number of the students (be) about 400.Over the years, there (be) a number of different techniques
13、to help designers approach this important point. (2018课标全国)写作微测每个人都有很多尊敬的人。(2020课标全国书面表达).2.答案are;ishave beenEveryone has a number of people to respect(1)a number of意为“若干;许多”,后接名词复数。用作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。(2)the number of意为“的数量”,其后接名词复数。用作主语时,谓语动词一般要用单数形式。扩展(1)“large quantities of+名词”后通常跟谓语动词复数形式;(2)“a g
14、reat/good many+可数名词复数”后通常跟谓语动词复数形式。1.as if似乎;仿佛It seemed as if the world was at an end!单句填空When a pencil is partly put into water, it looks as if it (be)broken.He opened his mouth as if (say) something.句型转换The tennis player is lying on the floor as if she were hurt badly.The tennis player is lying o
15、n the floor badly.(状语从句的省略)1.答案wereto sayas if hurtas if(=as though)在句中引导表语从句;它也可以引导状语从句。联想as if/though从句使用虚拟语气的三种情况:与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时,be动词用were;与过去事实相反,谓语动词用“had+过去分词”;与将来事实相反,谓语动词用“would/could+动词原形”。易错as if/though引导的状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,且从句谓语中含有be动词时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,后面直接跟名词(短语)、不定式、形容词、介词短语或分词等。2.all.n
16、ot.并非所有都All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。句型转换Both of the maths problems are not very difficult. are very difficult.一句多译不是所有的人都愿意帮助他人。(all.not)(not all.)2.答案Not both of the maths problemsAll people are not willing to help others. Not all people are willing to help others.该句是表示部分否定的句型,all.not.=not al
17、l.,意为“并非所有的都”。联想英语中的all, both, each, every, everybody, everything, completely, always, whole, entirely等词与否定词连用,无论否定词位置如何,均构成部分否定,表示“并非都”的意思。no,none,never,nobody,neither,nothing,no more,no longer等表示否定意义的词或短语与表肯定意义的谓语动词一起使用时,构成全部否定。1.教材与语法填空阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Strange things were happening
18、 in the countryside of northeast Hebei. For three days the water in the village wells kept rising and 1 (fall).Farmers noticed that the well walls had deep cracks in 2. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. In 3 farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous 4 (eat).5 (mouse) ran out of t
19、he fields 6 (look) for places to hide. Fish jumped out of their bowls and ponds. At about 3:00 am 7 July 28, 1976, some people saw bright lights in the sky. The sound of planes could 8 (hear) outside the city of Tangshan even when no 9 (plane) were in the sky. In the city, the water pipes in some bu
20、ildings cracked and burst. But the one million people of the city, 10 thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案1.falling2.them3.the4.to eat5.Mice6.looking7.on8.be heard9.planes10.who2.教材与话题写作.写作要点用本单元所学词汇和句型完成。1.一天夜里,一切都开始摇晃起来。(shake)2.水管爆裂,电被切断。(burst;cu
21、t off)3.世界似乎到了末日。(It seemed as if.;be at an end)4.有些人受伤了,有些人被埋在废墟下,还有些人失踪了。(injure;bury)5.从那时的情况判断,还有一些被困人员等待着救援。(judge from;trap)6.并不是没有了希望。(all.not.)7.士兵立刻就被派来营救他们。(right away;rescue).连句成篇将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的短文。答案.参考范文One night, everything began to shake, with the pipes bursting and the electr
22、icity cut off. It seemed as if the world was at an end. On the spot, some people were injured, some were buried under the ruins, and some were missing. Judging from the situation, a number of people who might have been trapped were waiting for the rescue. All hope was not lost, because soldiers were
23、 sent to rescue them right away.阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。A(2020山东日照高三校际联合检测)Rescue workers and thousands of volunteers are not the only ones who have won hearts and minds for their heroic efforts in the search for survivors after Tuesdays powerful earthquake in Mexico. Fifteen dogs from
24、the navys canine(军犬)unit have assisted this week in the rescue efforts at the sites of collapsed buildings across Mexico City, where more than 50 people have been pulled alive from the ruins. Of the canine heroes none is more famous or loved than Frida, a six-year-old white Labrador who in her disti
25、nguished service has won praise for her ability to detect people who have been trapped by various natural disasters. Over her admirable career she has found 52 people including 12 survivors in Mexico and other Latin American countries.This week, Frida and Evil and Echotwo Belgian Shepherds that have
26、 also been specially trained for rescue effortswere sent to the site of the collapsed Enrique Rebsamen School in southern Mexico City.Equipped with goggles that protect her eyes from dust and smoke, and boots to prevent damage to her paws while she climbs over rough ruins, Frida took to her work loo
27、king over every part of the ruins. “If Frida detects the presence of a survivor, she is trained to bark to alert rescue workers, but if she detects a corpse, she stops suddenly before proceeding,” her handler explained. Eleven children were rescued from the ruins at the school, but this time human r
28、escue workers rather than the dogs were the ones who located them. However, that hasnt stopped Frida from becoming a social media star and reaching a new level of fame this week. Videos and other social media posts that highlight the work of Frida and her impressive records of detecting people trapp
29、ed by natural disasters spread quickly online. While she has yet to detect anyone trapped in the ruins this week, she and other rescue dogs are continuing to work tirelessly, searching through spaces that humans cannot reach. With the possibility that there are still people trapped alive, time will
30、tell whether she adds to her rescue records. 1.Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A.Severe earthquakes in MexicoB.Undertaking rescue workC.People waiting for rescueD.Special rescuers in Mexico2.What makes Frida a social media star?A.Her rescue records and tireless work.B.Her co
31、operation with the rescue team.C.Her cool appearance with some special devices.D.Her ability to search spaces beyond humans reach.3.What does the underlined word “corpse” in Paragraph 5 probably mean?A.An article of clothing.B.An unconscious animal.C.A dead person.D.A special signal.4.It can be infe
32、rred from the last paragraph that .A.Frida will achieve nothingB.Frida will probably work miraclesC.more dogs will be sent to the areaD.the rest of the rescue will be done by dogs答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,主题语境为人与自然。文章主要讲述了墨西哥在星期二发生强烈地震后,来自海军犬队的十五条狗参与了救援工作,其中Frida获得了大量关注。1.D主旨大意题。通读文章可知,墨西哥在星期二发生强烈地震后,并不是只有救援人员和成
33、千上万的志愿者参与了救援行动,来自海军犬队的十五条狗也参与了救援工作。故选D项。2.A细节理解题。 根据倒数第二段中Videos and other social media posts that highlight the work of Frida and her impressive records of detecting people trapped by natural disasters spread quickly online.可知,使Frida成为社交媒体明星的是它的营救记录和孜孜不倦的工作。故选A项。3.C推测词义题。根据the presence of a survivo
34、r和表转折的连词but可推断画线单词corpse与survivor意义相反,其意思为“尸体”,故选C项。4.B推理判断题。根据最后一段中While she has yet to detect anyone trapped in the ruins this week, she and other rescue dogs are continuing to work tirelessly, searching through spaces that humans cannot reach.可知,Frida可能会创造奇迹,故选B项。BSurviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)N
35、atalie Doan,14,has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York.Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the waves from her house.“Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,”she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy a
36、ttacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridges closed.When they returned to Rockaway the next day,they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far
37、 away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the following few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and t
38、oys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me,”Natalie says, “but I can always choose how I
39、deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page, matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted information about a boy named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collection when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In th
40、e coming months, her website page helped lots of kids:Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other organizations to bring much-needed supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White Ho
41、use and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕) of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, and many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,”Natalie declares.“My neighborhood will be back, even
42、stronger than before.”5.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane, she found .A.some friends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her school had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering6.According to Paragraph 4, who inspired Natalie most?A.The people help
43、ing Rockaway rebuild.B.The people trapped in high-rise buildings.C.The volunteers donating money to survivors.D.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people.7.How did Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to other kids.B.She took care of younger children.C.She called on the White Hou
44、se to help.D.She built an information sharing platform.8.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Little people can make a big difference.B.A friend in need is a friend indeed.C.East or west, home is best.D.Technology is power.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文。飓风桑迪袭击了Natalie的家乡Rockaway,损失很大,一些人的援助行为鼓舞了Natalie,她创办了一个网站来帮助
45、家乡的人们。5.B细节理解题。根据第三段开头“.they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知B项正确。6.A细节理解题。根据第四段开头第一句可知帮助Rockaway进行重建的人们鼓舞了她,包括带来捐赠品的志愿者、帮助他人的邻居以及帮助老人的青少年们,故A项正确。7.D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段可知Natalie创办了一个网站,发布需要帮助的幸存者的信息,从而可以让捐赠者们找到捐赠的对象,由此可知她建立了一个信息分享平台,故D项正确。8.A推理判断题。从整篇文章可以得知,Natalie虽然年纪不大,但是她在飓风后家乡的重建过程中,创办了一个信息分享平台,为
46、他人提供了巨大的帮助,故A项正确。.七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。(2021嘉兴联考)Lets just be honest. 1.Given the limited space that comes with an economy class seat, you can expect to sit for hours with a stiff(僵硬的)neck and back, which has a bad effect on your circulation. While most people know that standi
47、ng up and walking around during your flight can encourage your blood flow, its not always possible or convenient to do so. 2.Confused? Just hear us out. Tennis balls can put any fancy and expensive things to shame when it comes to killing pain, relieving(减轻)tightness, and improving circulation on lo
48、ng flights or road trips. This is why you should always pack a tennis ball for your trip. 3. It is practically the on-the-go self-massage(自我按摩)you never knew you needed. Not only are tennis balls tiny enough to fit into a small bag, but also using one during a flight wont bother your neighbors. And
49、luckily, its not one of the things most likely to make you flag in the security line.There are certain areas you should target when performing a self-massage. 4.They are your ankles, wrists, legs, and upper back and shoulders. Apply gentle pressure to each area with the ball as you roll, and use ext
50、ra care with any spot of tension.Seems simple enough, right? 5. Always remember to fly with a tennis ball in your carry-on.A.Thats where a tennis ball comes in.B.These days, airplanes can barely fit your own two legs.C.Some key body parts are especially in need of your attention.D.People are flying
51、with just one piece of carry-on luggage nowadays.E.But it could make your life so much easier and keep you healthier in the air.F.Just make sure youre not making these airport mistakes before your next flight.G.Rolling a tennis ball along your body loosens up stiff parts and increases blood flow.1.2
52、.3.4.5.答案语篇解读本文为说明文。文章介绍了坐飞机时,我们可以随身携带网球。用网球进行自我按摩可以减缓飞行中的身体不适。1.B细节句。根据下文“考虑到经济舱座位的空间有限,您可能预料到会坐上几个小时,颈部和背部会僵硬,这会对您的血液循环产生不良影响。”可知,飞机上空间很小,坐着很不舒服。因此,B选项“现在,飞机几乎连你自己的两条腿都装不下了。”符合上下文的语境。2.A过渡句。根据本段的设空处前的“虽然大多数人都知道,在飞行过程中站起来走动可以促进血液循环,但这样做并不总是可行或方便的。”和下文中的“当涉及止痛,缓解紧绷,改善长途飞行或公路旅行的血液循环时,网球可以让任何花哨、昂贵的东西相
53、形见绌。这就是为什么你旅行时应该带一个网球。”可知,文章认为,网球可以帮助人们在不方便站起来走动时缓解身体不适,促进血液循环。因此A选项“那就是网球的作用。”符合上下文语境。3.G主旨句。根据下文“实际上,这是一种你从来不知道自己需要在路上的自我按摩。”可知,本段介绍的是用网球自我按摩,可以缓解肌肉僵硬,促进血液循环。因此,G选项“沿着身体滚动网球可以放松僵硬部位,增加血液流动。”符合本段的主旨。4.C细节句。根据上一句“在进行自我按摩时,你应该针对某些特定的区域。”和下两句“它们是你的脚踝、手腕、腿和上背部和肩膀。当你滚动时,用球轻轻地按压每个区域,对任何张力点都要格外小心。”可知,自我按摩
54、时,有些地方要注意。因此,C选项“一些关键的身体部位特别需要你的注意。”符合上下文语境。5.E细节句。设空处上一句是“看起来很简单,对吧?”而E选项“但是它可以让你的生活变得更容易,让你在乘飞机旅行时更健康。”通过转折关系来强化说明网球按摩的好处,符合上下文语境。.语法填空阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。(2021嘉兴联考)Jim and I first met Tom and Gee in the early days of our 1.(marry). Someone had been returning our garbage cans to th
55、e garage each garbage day, and we had wondered who. Then one day we spotted him, 2. elderly man who lived across the street.I baked cookies and left 3.on a bench outside the garage with a thank-you note. Later that day, we found that a typed letter 4.(replace)the gift. The letter was from Tom and ex
56、plained why he returned cans for people he barely knew. Back when hed been fighting a war, his young wife, Gee, had lived alone. Neighbors had taken the time 5.(handle)her garbage cans and he never forgot. Now by doing the same 6.all of us, he paid it forward. 7.(gradual)we got familiar. His wife Ge
57、e one day invited us to look through their Christmas decorations. Gee quietly explained each decoration, 8. was collected during every years after-Christmas sales. As our kids left with the box of decorations, she smiled. Her treasures, 9.(gather)over a lifetime, found a new home.Now every Christmas
58、, we decorate our tree with Gee s treasures and Toms letter, reminding ourselves of 10. it means to be a neighbor.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.10.答案语篇解读本文为记叙文,主题语境为人与社会。文章讲述了作者在每个收垃圾的日子,都有人把作者的垃圾桶送回车库。后来作者知道是两个住在街对面的老人所为。老人说他这样做的原因是感恩在他外出打仗时邻居对他的妻子的照顾。文章旨在培养学生友爱互助的品质,成为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。1.marriage考查名词。句意:吉姆和我第一次遇见
59、汤姆和吉是在我们结婚的初期。分析句子结构可知,所填单词做介词of的宾语,设空处前为形容词性物主代词,修饰名词,故用其名词形式,故答案为marriage。2.an考查冠词。句意:有一天,我们看到了他,一位住在街对面的老人。设空处及后面的部分为him的同位语,是泛指,用不定冠词;又因elderly是元音音素开头;所以答案为an。3.them考查代词。句意:我烤了些饼干,把它们和一张感谢卡放在车库外的长凳上。根据句意可知是把饼干放到长凳上,cookies是复数,应用them指代,故答案为them。4.had replaced考查动词的时态。句意:那天晚些时候,我们发现一封信代替了礼物。分析句子结构可
60、知设空处作宾语从句的谓语,且表示在过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作,应用过去完成时,故答案为had replaced。5.to handle考查非谓语动词。句意:邻居们花了时间来处理她的垃圾桶,他从来没有忘记。take sth. to do sth.为固定搭配。故用to handle。6.as考查介词。句意:现在,他和我们所有人做同样的事,把它传递下去。the same as和一样。故答案为as。7.Gradually考查副词。句意:逐渐地,我们变得熟悉。分析句子结构可知,设空处应用副词,修饰后面的句子。故答案为Gradually。8.which考查非限制性定语从句。句意:他平静地解释着每一件装饰品,它们都是在每年的圣诞节后大减价时收集的。分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为each decoration,指“物”,故答案为which。9.gathered考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知:句子的谓语为found,设空处在句中作非谓语动词,和逻辑主语之间为被动关系,故答案为gathered。10.what考查宾语从句。句意:现在,每年圣诞节,我们都会用吉的珍宝和汤姆的信装饰圣诞树,提醒自己做一个邻居的意义。分析句子结构可知:设空处引导宾语从句,同时,在宾语从句中作宾语,指“物”,故答案为what。