1、Unit 3Period 2. 阅读理解ADo you ever find yourself spending time on product reviews when you buy something online, only to find that the product you bought is junk(废物)?New research led by Dr. Powell of Stanford University may explain why this happens:it boils down to the number of reviews a product has.
2、 The study found that when choosing between two products online, people tend to favor the one with more reviews despite the fact that the more reviewed product is of lower quality. This is because when shopping online, consumers engage(从事)in a type of “social learning”, where they learn from observi
3、ng the decisions of other people and the results of those decisions. People attach more importance to the choices of others. When evaluating online products, the items rating and number of reviews can be helpful to an unsure customer. But a new study, published in the journal Psychological Science,
4、found that consumers dont check those figures to learn their true meaning enough. So they fail to do a simple task when viewing online rating and reviews, leading them to purchase products of poor quality. When shopping online, consumers engaging in social learning become informed from the decisions
5、 of others. For example, youre more likely to buy a book at the top of the New York Times best-sellers list or buy an app thats been downloaded millions of times. But looking at other peoples choices is only a part of social learning. However, how people understand or fail to understand this data is
6、 affecting their decision-making in a negative way. Overcoming this bias(偏见)is difficult because consumers find comfort in popularity. Powell and his colleagues also found evidence of this trend beyond the study. “It doesnt necessarily mean that better things dont become more popular, but as a consu
7、mer, when youre looking at the number of reviews, its not telling you anything, ” said Dr. Powell. 【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文, 介绍了斯坦福大学鲍威尔博士所进行的一项新研究“为什么人们在网上购物花很多时间去看顾客对商品的评论, 而结果却发现买的是一些质量差的东西”, 他得出了结论:归根结底, 人们过于重视一个产品获得的评论数量, 但是作为消费者, 评论的数量并不能告诉你任何东西。1. What does the underlined phrase “boils down to” probabl
8、y mean? _A. is equal to B. results inC. is due to D. focuses on【解析】选C。词义猜测题。从第一段画线短语前的New research led by Dr. Powell of Stanford University may explain why this happens可知, 后半句句意:其原因就是其评论的数量。故选C。2. What belief do unsure consumers hold when purchasing products?A. Rating determines quality. B. Populari
9、ty is good. C. Bad reviews should be ignored. D. More-reviewed products are poor. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。从第二段中的When evaluating online products, the items rating and number of reviews can be helpful to an unsure customer. 及第三段中的Overcoming this bias is difficult because consumers find comfort in popularity. 可知,
10、 对产品不确定的消费者往往在购买产品时持有“流行就是好的”的信念。故选B。3. What do Dr. Powells words mean in the last paragraph? A. The products rating and number of reviews often fail to reflect true quality. B. Usually consumers will find much comfort in popularity. C. Consumers should distinguish good things and bad things. D. Con
11、sumers should follow others when buying things online. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。最后一段中鲍威尔博士说, 这并不一定意味着更好的东西不会变得更受欢迎, 但是作为消费者, 当你看到评论的数量时, 它并没有告诉你任何东西。 由此可知, 鲍威尔博士要表达的是“对产品的评论并不能反映其真正的质量”故选A。4. What is probably the best title of the text? A. How to Purchase OnlineB. Why We Buy Junk OnlineC. Why We Ignore Bad Revi
12、ewsD. How to Review a Product【解析】选B。主旨大意题。本文为说明文, 通过鲍威尔博士的一项研究向读者解释人们在网上购物时往往会买到质量差的东西的原因, 下文对这一现象进行剖析, 故这篇文章最好的标题是Why We Buy Junk Online。故选B。BToday, we are told, children dont spend enough time in the fresh air. Many of them are addicted to screen on a computer or a TV-they seem to be living in a v
13、irtual world. They have lost touch with nature. But now 400 organizations in the UK, from playgroups to the National Health Service, are encouraging children to have some “wild time”. They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. Activi
14、ties such as building dens, climbing trees, rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. Even if they live in a city, they can go on adventures in the garden or the park. Children often need a helping hand from mom and dad. They need to be shown what to do
15、 and where to go. Andy Simpson from National Health Service says, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go. ”So despite the complicated world that young people grow up in now, it seems that going b
16、ack to basics and experiencing “natures playground” is what modern children need. David Bond from Project Wild Thing says, “We need to make more space for wild time in childrens daily routine, freeing this generation of kids to have the sort of experiences that many of us took for granted”. This mig
17、ht sound a bit old fashioned to you or maybe, like me, its made you think about sticking on your boots, getting outdoors and reliving your childhood. There is no age limit on enjoying yourself!【语篇概述】本文是说明文。作者介绍了如今的孩子们大都沉迷于电视或者电脑, 而在户外的时间越来越少, 他们失去了与大自然亲密接触的机会。在本文中作者鼓励孩子有“wild time ”, 去进行一些户外活动, 比如捉迷
18、藏、爬树等等。而且提出这些改变都需要父母的帮助。5. What is the best title of the text?A. Wild time for childrenB. Benefits of wild timeC. More space for childrenD. Adventures of children【解析】选A。主旨大意题。文章开头提出现在的儿童沉迷于电脑、电视而缺少足够的户外时间, 然后在第二段提出“wild time”这一概念, 由此展开行文, 所以文章中心内容是关于孩子们的wild time的, 故A选项内容更能体现文章中心。故选A。6. Children are
19、 encouraged to do the following activities except _. A. building densB. climbing treesC. playing hide and seekD. watching TV【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段第二、三句作者提出的一些活动“They want kids to swap at least 30 minutes of watching TV or playing computer games for time playing outside. Activities such as building den
20、s, climbing trees, rummaging for conkers and playing hide and seek are just some of the things kids can do. ”可知, 选项D不是作者鼓励孩子们去做的事情。7. According to Andy Simpson, we know that _. A. wild time is hard to designB. wild time is beneficial to childrenC. parents know the importance of wild timeD. parents l
21、ike keeping their children indoors. 【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据文章第三段Andy Simpson所说的, “We want parents to see what this magical wonder product does for their kids development, independence and creativity, by giving wild time a go. ”可知, 户外活动时间对孩子们的成长是有好处的。故选B。. 完形填空Hundreds of people have formed impressions of yo
22、u through that little device (装置) on your desk. And theyve never actually1 you. Everything they know about you came through this device, sometimes from hundreds of miles away. 2 they feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice. Thats how powerful the3is. Powerful, yes, but not always4.
23、For years I dealt with my travel agent only by phone. Rani, my faceless agent whom Id never met 5 , got me rock-bottom prices on airfares, cars, and hotels. But her cold voice really6me. I sometimes wished to find another agent. One morning, I had to7 an immediate flight home for a family emergency.
24、 I ran into Ranis office for the first time. The woman sitting at the desk, 8 my madness, sympathetically jumped up. She gave me a9smile, nodded while listening patiently, and then printed out the ticket immediately. “What a wonderful lady! ” I thought. Rushing out10 I called out over my shoulder, “
25、By the way, whats your name?” “Im Rani, ” she said. I turned around and saw a 11woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. I was12 ! Why had I thought she was cold? Rani was, well, so13 . Sitting back in the car on the way to the airport, I figured it all out. Ranis14 her warm
26、 smile, her nods, her Im here for you15 were all silent signals that didnt travel through wires. 【语篇概述】本文为夹叙夹议文, 我在与我的代理Rani的电话交流中发现, 她比较冷漠, 我甚至产生了换人的想法, 但是在我与她第一次直接接触后却改变了我的看法, 实际上生活中的Rani是一个非常善良体贴的人。1. A. acceptedB. noticedC. heardD. met【解析】选D。accepted接受;noticed 注意;heard听说;听见;met遇见。根据第一句可知很多人只是通过电
27、话了解你, 你们也许从来都没有见过面, 只是通过电话交流。故选D。2. A. ThusB. YetC. ThenD. Indeed【解析】选B。thus 因此; yet 然而; then 然后;indeed 实际上, 确实。虽然你们之间的距离很远, 但是他们只要通过你的声音, 就可以了解你。上下文之间是转折关系, 所以使用副词yet。故选B。3. A. telephoneB. voiceC. connectionD. impression【解析】选A。telephone 电话;voice 声音; connection 连接; impression 印象。 根据故事第一段及第二段中only by
28、 phone可知是作者在谈电话的作用, 人们可以通过电话了解你。这说明了电话功能的强大, 故选A。4. A. directB. usefulC. easyD. accurate【解析】选D。direct直接的;useful有用的;easy容易的;accurate准确的。上文提到电话功能强大, but说明上下文之间是转折关系, 电话虽然很强大, 但是也并不是很准确。故选D。5. A. in personB. by myselfC. in publicD. on purpose【解析】选A。in person本人, 亲自;by myself独自地, 单独地;in public公开地, 当众;on
29、purpose故意地。与空前的faceless形成呼应, Rani是我的代理人, 但是我们从来没有碰过面。故选A。6. A. annoyedB. interestedC. discouragedD. confused【解析】选A。annoyed 生气的, 烦恼的; interested 感兴趣的; discouraged 灰心的, 泄气的; confused 困惑的。由空前的cold voice可知Rani在电话里的声音很冷漠, 这让我很不高兴, 甚至想过要另外找一个代理人。说明我对她的声音很反感。故选A。7. A. arrangeB. postponeC. confirmD. book【解析
30、】选D。arrange安排;postpone推迟;confirm确认;book预订。因为家中的紧急事情我要立刻预订回家的航班。动词book与flight相搭配。故选D。8. A. expectingB. seeingC. testingD. avoiding【解析】选B。考查动词辨析。expecting期待, 预料;seeing看见;testing检测;avoiding避免。看到我那么着急, Rani非常同情我。动词see与上下文搭配一致。故选B。9. A. shyB. comfortingC. familiarD. forced【解析】选B。shy害羞的;comforting安慰的;fami
31、liar熟悉的;forced被迫的。她看到我很着急, 笑着安慰我。故选B。10. A. hopefullyB. disappointedlyC. gratefullyD. regretfully【解析】选C。hopefully充满希望地;disappointedly 失望地;gratefully感激地;regretfully遗憾地。Rani如此迅速地帮我把机票打印出来, 而且一直面带微笑, 这让我心存感激。故选C。11. A. carefulB. seriousC. nervousD. pleasant【解析】选D。careful细心的;serious严肃的, 认真的;nervous紧张的;p
32、leasant令人愉快的。现实生活中的Rani富有同情心, 待人热情大方, 是一个可以愉快相处的人。所以当我转身时, 看见的是与电话中完全不一样的Rani。故选D。12. A. amusedB. worriedC. helplessD. speechless【解析】选D。amused 愉快的; worried 担心的; helpless无助的; speechless无语的。我之前认为她很冷漠, 甚至有了要另找代理的想法, 而现实生活中的她是如此的体贴大方, 这让我真是无言以对。故选D。13. A. calmB. niceC. proudD. clever【解析】选B。calm 平静的; nic
33、e 和蔼的, 友善的; proud 自豪的; clever 聪明的。前句提到Why had I thought she was cold?可知之前我认为Rani很冷漠, 但却没有想到实际生活中的Rani是如此和蔼。故选B。14. A. forgivenessB. eagernessC. friendlinessD. skillfulness【解析】选C。forgiveness谅解;eagerness渴望;friendliness友好;skillfulness熟练。从上文可知Rani对我非常友善, 并没有电话中的那种冷漠的感觉。故选C。15. A. explanationB. attitudeC. conceptD. behavior【解析】选B。explanation解释;attitude态度;concept概念;behavior行为。Rani的善良友好的态度并没有从电话线中传递过去。故选B。