1、上海市北虹高级中学2021届高三上学期第一次月考英语试题II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,
2、use one word that best fits each blank. Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, its a necessary condition for many worthwhile things such as child care or friendships. On the other hand, _21_ (put) your faith in the wrong place often carries a high price. Then, why do we trust at all? Well, bec
3、ause it feels good. _22_ people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that produces pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruction that leads sheep to flock together for safety and prompts humans _23_ (connect) with one another. Swi
4、ss Scientists have found that exposure _24_ this hormone puts us in a trusting mood: In a study, researchers sprayed oxytocin（催产素）into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly _25_ (high) amounts of money to strangers than were their counterparts _26_ inhaled（吸
5、入）something else. Lucky for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that _27_ protect us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate between a credible person and a dishonest _28_. Sixty toddlers were each introduced to an adult tester holding a plastic contai
6、ner. The tester would ask, Whats in here? before looking into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, Wow! Each subject was then invited to look inside. Half of them found a toy; the other half discovered the container was empty-and realized the tester _29_ (fool) them. Among the children who had no
7、t been tricked, the majority were willing to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership. In contrast, only five of the 30 children _30_ (pair) with the inflexible tester participated in follow-up activity. Section BDirections: Fill in each blank
8、 with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. hooked B. lifeline C. enroll D. pull E. plus F. exclusively G. delicateH. popularized I. experiment J. specifically K. boom Chinas male beauty vloggers go viral as gender atti
9、tudes shiftBlushes, eye shadows and concealers are no longer _31_ found in a womans cosmetic bag as more and more men in China discover the power of makeup. The popularity of male beauty vloggers is leading a(n) _32_ in Chinas male cosmetics mark estimated to grow to a huge $ 2.4 billion in 2002. It
10、s also paving the way for more young Chinese men to _33_ with gender-bending makeup and clothes, in a culture with a long history of swaggering, masculine stereotypes, and where the trope of the ancient male emperor with multiple wives is still going strong. Even in 2018, parents can _34_ young sons
11、 in training camps to teach them to be tough and manly. Single men looking to marry face pressure to fit certain norms - be the breadwinner and own property; multiple houses are a(n) _35_. The change in gender ideals has influenced by South Korean pop culture, where male celebrities and boy bands ha
12、ve _36_ a softer, effeminate look. With Chinese celebrities and regular boy-next-door types adopting a more _37_ appearance, the fad has its own slang - xiaoxianrou, or little fresh meat.Wang Zilu, 22, has used makeup for three years - _38_ after realizing how just a little could change the shape of
13、 your eye-brows, the style of your lips. He learned via other vloggers before starting a social media account to post his own before-and-after videos. The first time I put on makeup, it took me an entire afternoon, he recalled. The most difficult part was eye shadow - how to mix and match different
14、colors without making it ugly.Makeup, for some, has gone from a fun hobby to a profitable _39_ - Chinas most popular beauty vloggers reportedly can _40_ in as much as 10 million yuan a year ( 1.2 million). But even with more young Chinese men trying out a bit of blush, not everyones used to it just
15、yet. III. Reading Comprehensions Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Is Helicopter Parenting Necessary?Weve all heard the dangers of helicopter paren
16、ting. Remaining too _41_ in a kids life, especially throughout college, can lead to depression, lack of self-reliance and feelings of entitlement. Superficially, this wisdom is sound. But some academics and educators now say they see signs of a troubling backlash（反冲）. The concern : warnings that mom
17、s and dads should _42_ the over parenting trap - are discouraging parents from getting involved at all. Yes, parents can be intrusive. _43_, there are increasing examples of parents refusing to step up when students genuinely need their family. One mom kept _44_ about her sons signs of depression un
18、til right before he failed a semester. She did not want to helicopter in.That means colleges, which have spent the past decade learning to _45_ parents who get too involved, now have a different _46_. But the solution to both is the same; devising ways to channel moms and dads into the right kind of
19、 _47_ role. Much of this began because schools were forced to cope with a generation of students _48_ with their parents like never before, thanks to smart-phones. And with _49_ in education soaring, university leaders have started to view parents as investment partners. Most of them have paid for t
20、his education for the children or gone into debt for this education. And in some sense, theyre entitled to know and be assured that colleges are _50_ their childrens welfare. Crucially, parent-outreach programs have also served as buffers（缓冲）, _51_ students - or worse, professors - the discomfort of
21、 the nagging. At the University of Maryland, for example, the parent office handled _52_ for weekly academic-progress reports, which do not exist in higher education. Parents want to know they have a place to go where someone will listen to their concerns. But now, with some moms and dads cautious o
22、f even contacting the school in the first place, those programs are being used to encourage a more balanced approach, often via blogs, email and Facebook. Parents are now advised to be a guide, while acknowledging that the _53_ owns the journey. That means asking questions, listening to answers, bei
23、ng patient and trusting kids to resolve their own problems. But if issues _54_, or if a student is in serious mental or physical danger, it also means hopping in the chopper, at least for a little while. When you think about it, helicopters are useful tools, says Chelsea Petree, who is launching a p
24、arents - outreach program. They can see things we on the _55_ cant see and get to emergencies quicker than we can. They can swoop in when needed. The key is that they go back up.41. A. independent B. involved C. attached D. enclosed 42. A. set B. sense C. avoid D. ensure 43. A. Besides B. Similarly
25、C. Actually D. However 44. A. alert B. quiet C. informed D. concerned 45. A. cope with B. identify with C. turn down D. settle down 46. A. attitude B. problem C. approach D. nature 47. A. supportive B. informative C. neutral D. superior 48. A. communicated B. matched C. obsessed D. connected 49. A.
26、complaints B. costs C. demands D. sufferings 50. A. taking care of B. keeping track of C. looking forward to D. taking part in 51. A. costing B. winning C. granting D. sparing 52. A. demands B. passion C. distraction D. priorities 53. A. professor B. parent C. student D. college54. A. persist B. exi
27、st C. arise D. decline 55. A. surface B. ground C. panel D. craft Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the
28、information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Shipwrecked PrayersA voyaging ship was wrecked during a storm at sea and only two of the men aboard were able to swim to a small, desert-like island. Not knowing what else to do, the two survivors agreed that they had no alternative but to pay
29、to God. However, to find out whose prayers were more powerful, they agreed to divide the territory between them and stay on opposite sides of the island. The first thing they prayed for was food. The next morning, the first man saw a fruit - bearing tree on his side of the island, and he was able to
30、 eat its fruit. But the other mans parcel of land remained barren. After a week, the first man became lonely and decided to pray for a wife. The next day, another ship was wrecked and the only survivor was a woman who swam to his side of the island. But on the other side of the island, there was not
31、hing. Soon thereafter the first man prayed for a house, clothes and more food. The next day, like magic, all of these things were given to him. However, the second man still had nothing. Finally, the first man prayed for a ship so that he and his wife could leave the island, and in the morning he fo
32、und a ship docked at his side of the island. The first man boarded the ship with his wife and decided to leave the second man on the island, considering the other man unworthy to receive Gods blessings since none of his prayers had been answered. As the ship was about to leave, the first man heard a
33、 voice from Heaven booming, Why are you leaving your companion on the island?My blessings are mine alone since I was the one who prayed for them, the first man answered. His prayers were all unanswered and so he doesnt deserve anything.You are mistaken! the voice rebuked him. He had only one prayer,
34、 which I answered. If not for that, you would not have received any of my blessings.Tell me, the first man asked the voice, what did he pray for that I should owe him anything?He prayed that all your prayers would be answered.For all we know, our blessing are not the fruits of our prayers alone, but
35、 those of another praying for us. So what you do for others is more important than what do you for yourself. 56. The first mans wife is _. A. a swimmer who got to the island by accidentB. an angel sent by God to keep him company C. a survivor from another wrecked shipD. a native person on the desert
36、-like island 57. The underlined word barren in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _. A. isolated B. unproductive C. fertile D. dry 58. Which of the following is true about the second man?A. He didnt deserve any blessing from God. B. None of his prayers was answered by God. C. He is not brave enoug
37、h to tell God his needs. D. His prayer helped his companion get out of trouble. 59. Whats the moral of the story?A. Never judge a person by appearance.B. Dont lose heart in trouble. C. Helping others is helping ourselves. D. Greed is the root of all evil. (B)Scholarship Application Tips in 2018 for
38、college studentsl Before you apply Work hard to get good grades. Dont sweat about one bad grade, but always strive to do your best. Get involved, and stay involved, in out-of-class activities. Sports, clubs, drama, bands and orchestras - these often count toward a students overall scholarship applic
39、ation evaluation. The same goes for paid (or unpaid) work experience. Begin your scholarship research early - by your sophomore or junior year of high school, if possible. Make special note of application deadlines, as they can vary from late summer to late spring. Apply for as many scholarships as
40、your are eligible for - several smaller scholarships can add up to a long of money. l During the application process Read the supplementary materials that come with scholarship application forms to better understand programs focus (community service, subject interest). Try to answer the questions wi
41、th the focus are mind. Answer questions as they are asked. Dont go off topic. If there is a financial section to the application, make sure you get accurate and complete information from all appropriate sources to ensure your eligibility. Take your time. Write down everything you can think of the ea
42、ch question, then set the application aside for a day so you can look everything over again before you send it off. Dont wait until the last minute to complete your application, especially if you are applying online. Computer systems can get blocked with the large volume of applicants hoping to subm
43、it their qualifications during the last few days and hours before a deadline. If a third party has to complete part of your application, such as providing a letter of recommendation, make sure you ask them early on and remind them as often as necessary to ensure they provide you with the necessary m
44、aterials. Last but not least, review your application with your parents to make sure you havent left out any important details. Good luck to the students applying for the 2018 scholarship programs!60. Before you apply for a scholarship, its best to _. A. pay more attention to grades than to out-of-c
45、lass activities. B. focus on only one scholarship applicationC. get as much work experiences as possible. D. begin your preparation as early as possible. 61. When you are answering questions on the application form, you should _. A. focus on the subjects you are interested in B. answer the the point
46、 C. list your advantages D. prove your abilities 62. The author suggests that applicants should _. A. submit the application in the last few days B. double-check their application with their parentsC. compete and submit the application in one dayD. avoid submitting the application online. (C)In the
47、early decades of the United States, the agrarian（土地的）movement promoted the farmer as societys hero. In the minds of agrarian thinkers and writers, the farmer was a person on whose well-being the health of the new country depended. The period between the Revolution, which ended in 1783, and the Civil
48、 War, which ended in 1865, was the age of the farmer in the United States. Agrarian philosophers, represented most eloquently by Thomas Jefferson, celebrated farmers extravagantly for their supposed centrality in a good society, their political virtue, and their Superior morality. And virtually all
49、policy makers, whether they subscribed to the tenets of the philosophy held by Jefferson or not, recognized agriculture as the key component of the American economy. Consequently, government at all levels worked to encourage farmers as a social group and agriculture as economic enterprise. Both the
50、national and state governments developed transportation infrastructure, building canals, roads, bridges, and railroads, deepening harbors, and removing obstructions from navigable streams. The national government imported plant and animal varieties and launched exploring expeditions into prospective
51、 farmlands in the West. In addition, government trade policies facilitated the exporting of agricultural products. For their part, farmers seemed to meet the social expectations agrarian philosophers had for them, as their broader horizons and greater self-respect, both products of the Revolution, w
52、ere reflected to some degree in their behavior. Farmers seemed to become more scientific, joining agricultural societies and reading the farm newspapers that sprang up throughout the country. They began using improved implements, tried new crops and pure animal breeds, and became more receptive to m
53、odern theories of soil improvement. They also responded to inducements by national and state governments. Farmers streamed to the West, filling frontier lands with stunning rapidity. But farmers responded less to the expectations of agrarians and government inducements than to growing market opportu
54、nities. European demand for food from the United States seemed insatiable. War, industrialization, and urbanization all kept demand high in Europe. United States cities and industries grew as well; even industries not directly related to farming thrived because of the market, money, and labor that a
55、griculture provided. 63. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The agrarian philosophy of Thomas Jefferson B. The role of the national government in the development of agriculture C. Improvements in farming techniques D. The impact of the increased importance of the farmer64. The author mentions T
56、homas Jefferson in paragraph 1 as an example of A. a leader during the RevolutionB. an inventor of new farming techniques C. a philosopher who believed farmers were essential to the creation of a good society D. a farmer who guided the agrarian movement toward an emphasis on economic development65.
57、According to the passage, the national and state governments did all of the following EXCEPT _. A. build roads B. import new plant varieties C. give farmers money for their cropsD. develop policies that helped farmers export their products 66. Which of the following statements is best supported by p
58、aragraph 4?A. Agricultural development contributed to development in other parts of the economy. B. European agricultural products were of a higher quality than those produced in the United States. C. The growing settlement of the West led to a decrease in agricultural production. D. Farmers were in
59、fluenced more by government policies than by market opportunities. Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A. It showed us the shot that kil
60、led President Kennedy, and his brother bleeding out on a kitchen floor. B. George Eastman was not only interested in commercial profits, but also in the improvement of other peoples lives. C. In an era of easy digital photography, when we can take a picture of anything at any time, we can imagine wh
61、at life was like before George Eastman brought photography to people. D. For 20 years, its leaders have foolishly spent down the patrimony（祖传的财物）of a centurys p?E. Before George Eastman brought photography to people, painting was the only way for people ? record of their ancestors. F. It is impossib
62、le to understand the 20th Century without recognizing the role of the Eastman Kodak Company. My work is done. Those words were some of the last penned by George Eastman. He included them in his suicide note. They mark an ignoble end to a noble life, the leave taking of a truly great man. The same wo
63、rds could now be said for the company he left behind. Actually, the Eastman Kodak Company is through. It has been mismanaged financially, technologically and competitively. _67_ One of Americas bedrock brands is about to disappear, the Kodak moment has passed. But George Eastman is not how he died,
64、and the Eastman Kodak Company is not how it is being killed. Though the ends are needless and premature, they must not be allowed to overshadow the greatness that came before. Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perh
65、aps the world. _68_. Kodak served mankind through entertainment, science, national defense and the stock-pilling of family memories. Kodak took us to the top of Mount Suribachi and tp the Sea of Tranquility. It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin to John Wayne
66、, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks. _69_ When that sailor kissed the nurse, and when the spy planes saw missiles in Cuba, Kodak was the eyes of a nation. From the deck of the Missouri to the grandeur of Monument Valley, Kodak took us there. Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a
67、 gift to generation from the Eastman Kodak Company. _70_ Yes, there were photographers, and for relatively large sums of money they would take unnatural pictures in studios and formal settings. But most people couldnt afford photographs, and so all they had to remember distant loved ones, or earlier
68、 times of their lives, was memory. Children could not know what their parents had looked like as young people, grandparents far away might never learn what their grandchildren looked like. Eastman Kodak allowed memory to move from the uncertainty of recollection, to the permanence of a photograph. B
69、ut it wasnt just people whose features were savable; it was events, the precious times that families cherish. The Kodak moment, was humanitys moment. IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 wor
70、ds. Use your own words as far as possible. The Possible Health Dangers of Air-conditionersAlthough many of us may feel air-conditioners bring relief from hot, humid or polluted outside air, they pose many potential health hazards. Much research has looked at how the movement of air inside a closed e
71、nvironment - such as an building - can spread disease or expose people in the building to harmful chemicals. One of the more widely publicized dangers is that of Legionnaires disease, which was first recognized in the 1970s. This was found to have affected people in buildings with air-conditioning s
72、ystems in which want air pumped out of the system cooling towers was somehow sucked back into the air intake, in most cases of ? to poor design. The warm air, filled with bacteria, was combined with cooled, conditioned air and was ? circulated around various parts of the building. Studies showed tha
73、t even people outside such buildings were risk if they walked past air exhaust pipes. Large air-conditioning systems add water to the air they circulate by means of humidifiers. In ? systems, the water used for this process is kept in special reservoirs, the bottoms of which provide ? grounds for ba
74、cteria which can find their way into the ventilation system. The risk to human health from ? situation has been highlighted by the fact the immune systems of approximately half of world? air-conditioned office buildings have developed the ability to fight off the organisms found at the bottom of sys
75、tem reservoirs. But chemicals called biocides are added to reservoirs to make them germ-free, and they are dangerous in their own right in sufficient quantities, as they often contain compounds strongly linked to cancers. Finally, it should be pointed out that the artificial climatic environment cre
76、ated by air-conditioners can also affect us. In a natural environment, whether indoor or outdoor, there are small variations in temperature and humidity. Indeed, the human body has long been accustomed to these normal changes. In an air-conditioned living or working environment, however, body temper
77、atures remain well under 37, our normal temperature. This leads to a weakened immune system and thus greater exposure to diseases such as colds and flu. 第II卷I. Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 72. 学习时一个不断适应环境的过程。(adapt)73.
78、 随着世界人口的增长，我们对于种植更多食物的需求也随之增长了。(so)74. 没有他的镇静和勇敢，一个九岁的男孩不可能在地震中虎口脱险的。(narrowly)75. 学生们接触到金融问题的年龄越小，就越有可能成为能有效地管理资产且有责任心的成年人。(expose)II. Guided WritingDirections:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 诚招道路上难免遇到来自同伴的压力(peer pressure)。同伴压力可能给我们带来积极或消极的影响。请结合自己生活中的一个具体事例，谈谈你的体会。注意：请勿透露本人真实姓名和学校名称。KEYS:Putting; when; to connect; to; higher; who; can; one; had fooled; pairedFKICE HGABD BCDBA BADBA DACAB CBDC DBB DCCA DFAC
