1、Unit 7 Cultural RelicsLanguage Points1.base on vt.base on 以 为基础,把 建立在,根据eg.This song is based on a true story.One should always base his opinions on facts.n.基地,基础eg.an air/naval baseMarx made London the base for his revolutionarywork.2.select/choose/pick out select 指经过认真考虑后从众多对象中选出最好或最满意的,用于较正式的场合ch
2、oose 凭个人的主观喜好判断力进行选择pick out 用法通俗,指按个人的喜好或希望进行选择,多为有形的人或物eg.1.The best candidates will be selected for interview.2.You can choose what you like.3.She picked out the shoes that match the dress.3.represent represent vt.(=stand for)代表,表现,描写，声称,标志,象征,描画eg.1.His opinion represents that of the majority.2.
3、The picture represents the end of the war.3.He represents himself as a philosopher.4.What does this mark represent?4.may You may also include a short message but remember that those who find the capsule may notunderstand your language.前一个 may 表允许,后一个 may 表猜测,常用于否定句中,不用于疑问句.疑问句中用 can:Can this news be
4、 true?eg.1.You may not smoke here.2.That may not be a good idea.5.include vt.+n./pron/doing 包括,包含eg.1.The university includes ten colleges.2.Your duty will include putting the children to bed.试比较:including,included 前者在 n./pron.之前表主动,后者用在 n./pron 后表被动eg.1.All of us,including me,have read this book.2.
5、All of us have read this book,me included.用 include 的适当形式填空 Their names are _ in the list.There are a lot of names in the list,_ his name.There are a lot of names in the list,his name_.The rent is 40 yuan a month _ water and electricity.The price _ postage then.includedincludingincludedincludingincl
6、uded6.情态动词 shall 的用法表示纯粹的将来时，第一人称单数和复数可用shall,其他人称用will(第一人称也可用will)What time shall I come?Shall we go to the park?表示要求，允诺，威吓等Everything shall be done to save the ship.You,wanted justice,so you shall get justice,more than you wanted.His life shall be at the mercy of the Duke.shall 表示征求对方的意见、指示时，用于一、
7、三人称.eg.Shall I turn on the light?Shall he come to see you?will 表示此意时用于第二人称eg.Shall I tell John about it now,or will you tell him some time later?7、情态动词 can 的用法 Cant we put in?否定疑问句(1)建议或邀请-Wont you have a little more rice?-No,thank you.(2)表示感叹,表示说话人强烈的感情色彩.Isnt it a beautiful flower?Isnt it a cold d
8、ay?(3)表示惊讶,怀疑,责备Dont you know my telephone number?试比较 can,be able to(1)can,be able to 都表示做事的能力,两者通用但 can 只用于一般现在时、一般过去时,而be able to 可用于任何时态He can/is able to drive a car.The worker could/was able to swim across theChangjiang River.He hasnt been able to go to the office for a month.(2)表示经过努力而成功的某一次动作,
9、用 was/were able to 不用 could。此处 be able to=manage to do/succeed in doingThe plane was able to fly over the mountains and the passengers felt safe.(3)在否定句中 couldnt 与was/were not able to通用He couldnt/wasnt able to arrive before 6 yesterday evening.8.Where there is,there is Where there is a river,there i
10、s a city.Where 引导地点状语从句,含有条件意味=at the place+where eg.Make marks where you have any questions.Make marks at the place where you have any questions.Where there is a will,there is a way.where 引导状语从句时,前无先行词,不可换成介词+which9.look/seemlook like 看起来像是,好象要 like 介词+n./pron./doing eg.She looks so much like her m
11、other.Look at the dark clouds.It looks like rain.He doesnt look like recovering.look+adj./n./pp/to beeg.Im fatter than I look.She doesnt look her age.The actor looked the role.Helen looked worn out.look+as if 从句eg.You look as if you didnt care.It looks as if there will be a strike.seem 似乎、好象、仿佛、系动词+
12、adj./n./to do(1)seem+(to be)+adj./nWhat seems easy to some people seems difficult toothers.His father seems(to be)a kind man.(2)seem to do sth.Mother seemed to know that.I seems to have seen him before.(3)seem+like It seems like a disaster at the time.(4)It seems(to sb.)+that 从句It seems that he is l
13、ying.It seems(to me)that he is right.(5)It seems+as if/though 看样子,似乎是It seems as if he were in a dream.10.out of out of 意为“从,由”,接近 from,在句子中作后置定语eg.He tore a piece of paper out of his notebook.out of“从出来”、“出于,由于”、“不在里面”,“中间有”eg.I slipped out of the room and went softly downstairs.He did it out of pi
14、ty.Get out of the way!Nine out of ten people will agree with what you say.常与out of搭配的短语：out of work (失业）out of repair(失修)out of control (失控)out of date(过时)out of danger (脱险)out of water(缺水)out of sense(失去理性)out of sight(失明)out of hearing(失聪)out of order(坏了)out of money(缺钱)out of shape(变形)out of prac
15、tice(手生)out of touch(失去联系)out of number(无数的)out of place(错位)out of season(过时)out of the way(不挡道)注意：out of question(毫无疑问；不成问题)，out of the question(毫无可能；不必多说)。意思完全不同。He is out of question the best student in the class.What you say is out of the question.11.under attack under 在(状态)中、在(情况)下eg.My car is
16、under repair now.The subject is under study.The building is under construction.under 和 with 都可表示“在之下”:with 常与 help,permission 等连用；under 常与 leadership 等连用考题点击：1._ the permission of the teacher,he entered the chemistry lab.A.With B.Under C.Because of D.At2.-Have you moved into the new house?-No.The bu
17、ilding is _ construction.A.at B.under C.for D.in3.Anthony Jason,_ Louis succeeded in the exam,was a friend of mine.A.with the help for who B.with his helpC.with whose help D.with the help of hisABC12.give in give in 不及物短语,“投降、屈服、让步”eg.One shouldnt give in while he or she stands and sees.She would ra
18、ther die than give in.give in 还可意为“上交”；=turn in,hand in eg.When shall I give in my paper?All papers should be given in before 12:30.give in to 向让步、迁就eg He is always giving in to others.give up vt./vi.放弃、不在做(某事)、把-献给交出、让给Ive given up that idea long before.She has given up her life to nursing the sick
19、.They had t give up the city to the enemy.give up+doingHe has given up playing football.give up 放弃、交出give in 让步、投降give away 赠送、泄露、分发、丧失give back 归还、送回give off 发出（光、热、烟、火、声、味）give out 分发、用完、筋疲力尽1.He _ his seat to an old woman.2.The gas _ an unpleasant smell.3.Our money soon _.4.Have you _ him _ the m
20、oney yet?gave upgave offgave outgivenback13.in ruins in ruins 成为废墟、落空eg.The house across the street is in ruins.Our plan is in ruins.ruin n.毁坏、破坏(不可数)、废墟、遗迹(常用复数)eg.Drink leads to his ruin.We could see the ruins of the house.in pieces 成碎片、破碎、落空His plans are now in pieces.He dropped the cup and now i
21、t is in pieces14.burn burn vt./vi (burned,burned;burnt,burnt)(1)烧掉、烧毁 He burned all her letters.(2)烫着、烧着、烧焦、晒黑Hot water will burn you.Be careful not to burn the meat.(3)燃烧、烧着 Paper burns easily.(4)(脸部)绯红、(皮肤)发烫Her cheeks are burning with shame.(5)迫切想(做某事)She is burning to tell you the news.15.lie/la
22、y 1.lie (lay,lain,lying)vi.躺、卧、位于2.lie (lied,lied,lying)vi.说谎3.lay (laid,laid,laying)放、置、下蛋、产卵On the ground lay a wounded soldier.He laid a desk in the corner of the room.This hen lays an egg every day.The car is lying on the carpet.Dont believe him.He often lies and this time he lied again.16.resto
23、re vt.恢复、使回复、归还、交还、修复、重建He had to restore stolen property.We restored law and order.I restored after my summer holiday.The injured man restored himself to consciousness.17.It was difficult to save (1)It+be+adj./n.to do It is easy to pick up BBC programs.It is a pleasure to meet you again.be 动词可改为 co
24、st,take,make 等词It cost me 100 yuan to buy this pair of shoes.It took me twenty minutes to work out the problem.It made me very happy to hear that Mary wouldcome.(2)It+be+adj.+for sb to do sth.适用于这一句型的形容词有 hard,difficult,easy,necessary,useful,important,impossible,expensive,heavy,dangerous Its hard fo
25、r him to get rid of his bad habit.Its important for us to learn a foreign language well.(3)It+be+adj.+of sb.to do sth.适用这类句型的形容词有brave,careful,careless,helpful,clever,wise,foolish,stupid,silly,good,honest,kind,nice,right,wrong,rude,impolite,It was very kind of you to come to help me.It was foolish o
26、f you to give up the chance.(4)It+be+no+n.+doing sth 描述某件或某种抽象的事项It is no good arguing with such a fellow.Its no use regretting what has been done.(5)It be+adj.+that 从句/whether 从句It is certain that Jack has returned.It is uncertain whether he will come.18.bring back to life bring back to life 使恢复生机、
27、使复生He is dead and I cant bring him back to life.bring back 归还、使记起、使回忆、使恢复Please bring the dictionary back tomorrow.Your stories brought back my memories.Her stay in the country brings her back to health.试比较 bring in;bring about;bring up用 bring in/up/about 填空 We have _ experts to advise on theproject
28、.This business _ 300 million dollarsa year.The war_ great changes in living.They have _ their sons to stand on their own feet.They decided to _ the matterat the next meeting.brought inbrings inbrought aboutbrought upbring up19.pull down 拆掉、摧毁、推翻Its easier to pull down than to build up.They have pull
29、ed down the old government.使降低、使(价格)下跌、使体质减弱Since his illness,he is very much pulled down.拉下(事物)Would you please pull down the curtains?20.official/officerofficial 政府部门的文职官员，尤其是职位高的人officer 指军队警察部门、海关等有一定职权的人An official of the government called to see himyesterday.Many women police officers are play
30、ing an important part in keeping social order.official adj.官方的,正式的an official languageThe US president will pay an official visit tour e true come true“希望、理想、梦想、愿望”成真；实现Ones dreams do not always come true.What he had hoped at last come true.注意：come true不能用于被动语态。如：不能说：Our hopes will be come true.而应说：Our hopes will be realized考题点击：His dream _ to China never _.A.of coming came trueB.to come came trueC.of coming realizeD.to come was come trueA解析：dream 后一般都用 of doing 而不用 to do。come true 没有被动而 realize 是及物动词，所以应该用被动。