1、课堂导学基础巩固一、词汇详解1.beneficial adj.有益的;受益的【典型例句】Sunshine and moisture are beneficial to living things.阳光和水分有益于生物。It is beneficial to get up early to exercise.早起锻炼是有益的。【相关链接】(1)benefit n.利益;好处vt.&vi.有益于,得益(2)for the benefit of 为了的好处benefit from 从中受益to be of great benefit 有很大的益处2.adaptvt.使适应;改编【典型例句】He tr
2、ied hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.他努力使自己适应新的情况。The movie was adapted from a novel.这部电影是由小说改编的。【要点归纳】adapt from 根据改写(改编)adapt oneself to 使自己适应或习惯于某事【相关链接】(1)adaptable adj.能适应的;适应性强的adaption n.适应;适应性;改编adopt vt.采用;收养。例如:They adopted our methods.他们采用了我们的办法。Mr.Kern adopted the orphan as hi
3、s own son.克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。（2）adapt/adjust/suit/fit辨析：adapt 指做出较大的修改或改变以达到目的；adjust 指做些不重要的轻微调整以便符合要求或适应新情况；fit 多指“大小适合”,引申为“吻合”； suit 多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、情况”；match 指大小、色调、形状、性质等相配或相称。例如:She had to adapt herself to local conditions.她必须使自己适应当地的情况.adjust ones watch/glasses对表/调眼镜3.stupid adj.愚蠢的【典型例句】He is t
4、oo stupid to do such a thing.他太笨做不了这种事情。【相关链接】foolish/stupid/silly/clumsy辨析：foolish强调缺乏智力、智慧或者判断力,像愚人似的做出不合常理的事来；stupid常用于生气和责骂时,用于人的性格时指智力或反应迟钝,有时可与silly和foolish互换，语气常常含贬义；silly口语用词，与foolish可互换,语气较强。指智力低能,所作所为太无见识,因而常导致讥笑,含“聪明一世,糊涂一时”之意； clumsy指行动不灵活,讲话笨嘴拙舌。例如: I think its foolish of her to let pas
5、s such a fine opportunity to go abroad.我认为，她让出国的机会溜走了的做法是很傻的。I felt silly because I dont know what to say.我感到很愚蠢不知道说什么。The old lady was walking in a slow,clumsy way.这位老太太慢慢地,笨拙地走着。4.annoy vt.使不悦;惹恼【典型例句】His mother was annoyed with him for being so rude to their neighbors.他母亲因为他对邻居如此粗暴无礼而生他的气。These f
6、lies are annoying me.这些苍蝇一直在打搅我。His constant sniffing made me annoyed.他不停地抽鼻子使我心烦。【相关链接】(1)annoyance n. 烦恼;令人烦恼之事例如:Mosquitoes are an annoyance.蚊虫招人讨厌。annoying adj.令人烦恼的例如:It is annoying that there is no hot water.没热水,真伤脑筋。annoyed adj.恼怒的,气恼的例如:Will she be annoyed that you forgot to phone?你忘记打电话了,她会
7、生气吗?(2)bother/disturb/trouble/annoy辨析：bother 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦；disturb 较正式用词,多用被动语态。指扰乱,使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序,是程度较深的烦恼；trouble 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦；annoy 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心,多指一时的打扰或恼怒。例如:I cant bother him with my little affairs.我不能因自己那点小事去打扰他。Im sorry to disturb you so early.对不起,我这么早打扰你。Losi
8、ng a little money doesnt trouble me.损失一点钱我并不在意。5.latter adj.较后的;后半的;(两者中)后者的【典型例句】This latter point was of great importance.后面这点极为重要。Here are Tom and David;the latter is my brother.这是汤姆和戴维;后者是我的兄弟。【相关链接】late/later/latter/latest/lately辨析：late 表示“迟(迟于正常安排的或是期待的时间),晚(指一段时间的末尾或者晚上较晚的时间)”；later是late的比较级,
9、也可指“后来,以后”；latter指顺序,意指两者中的后者,前者是the former；latest是late的最高级,但仅用作形容词,意为“最近的,最新的”；lately是时间副词,意指“最近”,常与现在完成时连用。例如:Dont be late for class.上课不要迟到。He came later than usual.他比平常来得晚。This is her latest book.这是她最新的书。Ken and Mary came,the latter wearing a red dress.凯恩和玛丽来了,后者(玛丽)穿着红色的衣服。I havent written to hi
10、m lately.我最近没有写信给他。6.congratulate vt.祝贺;庆贺【典型例句】My father congratulated me on passing the exam.我父亲祝贺我通过了考试。We congratulate you on the birth of your daughter.我们祝贺你女儿的出生。They congratulated him on his seventieth birthday.他们祝贺他的七十寿辰。【相关链接】（1）congratulation n.祝贺;庆贺。常用复数。例如:Its your birthday today,congrat
11、ulations!今天是你的生日,恭喜,恭喜!celebration n.庆祝。例如:The party was in celebration of Mothers silver wedding.聚会是为庆祝母亲的银婚。（2）celebrate/congratulate辨析：celebrate表示“庆祝”,常指举行盛大隆重仪式的庆祝或纪念有意义的日子或时刻,如举行晚会,张灯结彩等,可直接接节日、胜利、成功等名词作宾语。例如:The people celebrated the victory.人民庆祝胜利。congratulate表示“祝贺”,如祝贺生日,事业取得成功及其他值得祝贺的事。其后不直
12、接用表示祝贺内容的名词作宾语。须用congratulate sb.on sth.结构。例如:They congratulated him on his seventieth birthday.他们祝贺他七十寿辰。7.accessible adj.可接近的;可进入的;可使用的【典型例句】His house is not accessible by car.车子无法通达他家。The department store district is easily accessible from our house.从我们家到那百货公司挺方便。Susan is not accessible to strang
13、ers.陌生人无法接近苏珊。Medicine should not be kept where it is accessible to children.药品不应放在儿童容易拿到的地方。【相关链接】access n.进入;通道;使用;接近。例如:The only access to the farmhouse is across the field。要到那农舍去惟有穿过田地。8.in other words 换句话说【典型例句】In other words,much thinking yields wisdom.换句话说,多想出智慧。He has been working too much,a
14、nd is not at all well.In otherwords,he needs a good rest.他一直劳累,身体很不好。换句话说,他需要彻底的休息。He became,in other words,a great hero.换句话说,他变成了一个了不起的英雄。【相关链接】in a/one word总而言之;简言之例如:In a word,while the prospects are bright,the road has twists and turns.总之,前途是光明的,道路是曲折的。9.out of breath 上气不接下气【典型例句】The fat man was
15、 out of breath after climbing the stairs.那个胖子爬完楼梯就喘不过气来。【相关链接】catch ones breath恢复呼吸,歇一口气draw a breath 深深地吸一口气take a breath喘口气hold ones breath (因恐惧或激动)屏息in one breath 同时,齐声地10.make fun of 取笑【典型例句】People enjoy making fun of the clothes I wear,though they seem all right to me. 他们爱拿我穿的衣服开玩笑,虽然我的衣服对我似乎很合
16、适。Dont make fun of him,or he will feel offended.别戏弄他,否则他会被激怒的。【相关链接】play jokes/tricks on 和开玩笑例如:Though he knew they were playing tricks on him,he pretended not to notice it. 他心里明白他们是在捉弄他,但他佯装不知。11.in particular 特别【典型例句】I remember one of them in particular.我特别记住了他们之中的一位。I am interested in stories in
17、general,and in detective stories in particular.我总的来说对小说感兴趣,尤其是对侦探小说感兴趣。活学巧用翻译句子(1)清新的空气和健康的食品对身体有好处。_答案：Fresh air and healthy food are very beneficial to our bodies.或:Fresh air and healthy food are of great benefit to our bodies.单项选择(2)The stable political and economical situation is considered _for
18、 the growth of town enterprises.A.effectiveB.beneficialC.beneficentD.efficient答案：B单项选择(1)He failed tohimself to_the new environment.A.adoptB.adaptC.attachD.arrange答案：B(2)Mr.White had to change his newly-bought shirt,because his wife said it doesnt_his sun-burnt face.A.fitB.suitC.adaptD.match答案：B(3)T
19、he old couple decided to_a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.A.adaptB.bringC.receiveD.adopt答案：D选词填空stupid,silly,foolish,clumsy(1)He is very_in learning maths.(2)It is_of you to say so.(3)Henry is too_to understand such a complicated problem.(4)Stop asking such _questions!(5)
20、It was a _thing to pick a fight with his neighour.(6)You are not _,just lazy!(7)Many of his classmates make fun of his_ voice.答案：(1)stupid(2)foolish(3)stupid/foolish(4)silly(5)foolish(6)stupid(7)clumsy单项选择(1)How_,Ive left my wallet at home!A.annoyedB.annoyingC.annoyD.annoyance答案：B选词填空bother,disturb,
21、trouble,annoy(2)Pardon me for _you with such a small matter.(3)Please dont _me while Im working.(4)Can I _ you to shut the door?(5)Will it _ you if I turn the television on?(6)She was _to hear you had been injured in the accident.(7)The traffic noises_me so much that I couldnt sleep.(8)My back has b
22、een _ me.(9)If you return me the book,I will stop _you.答案：(2)bothering(打扰)/troubling(麻烦)(3)disturb(4)trouble(5)bother(6)disturbed(7)annoyed/bothered(8)troubling(9)bothering(打扰)选词填空late,later,latter,latest,lately(1)The young tree was planted _in the planting season.(2)It is only_that he has been well
23、 enough to go out.(3)I prefer the_picture to the former.(4)The accident took place a few minutes _.(5)Ill come and see you _.(6)Irene has all the_ pop records.(7)We must be there by 7 p.m.at the _.答案：(1)late(2)lately(3)latter(4)later(5)later(6)latest(7)latest选词填空congratulate,congratulation,celebrate
24、,celebration(1)I _myself on my escape from being punished.(2)We _ the New Year with a fancy party.(3)I _ you on your success.(4)We held a party to _ our success.(5)He_us on getting married.(6)Today is his birthday,so were going to _.(7)We are to hold a_of the victory of our football team against Ira
25、n.(8)_on your happy marriage!答案：(1)congratulated(2)celebrated(3)congratulate(4)celebrate(5)congratulated(6)celebrate(7)celebration(8)Congratulations单项选择(1)Computers must be _ to the students in the mountain areas to make them keep up with the date.A.usefulB.accessibleC.possibleD.vauable答案：B(2)Now al
26、l the villagers have_to fresh water.A.accessB.chanceC.usedD.drunk答案：A单项选择Im sorry to say your performance didnt get to the requirements,_you cannot be accepted by our company.A.in a wordB.on the other handC.in generalD.in other words答案：D单项选择The audience _to see who would win the gold medal.A.took a
27、deep breathB.held their breathC.lost their breathD.was out of breath答案：B单项选择(1)This is the very boy,whom his classmates often make_of.A.funB.jokesC.tricksD.fool答案：A(2)Ill never forget the trick they once _on me when at primary school.A.madeB.playedC.putD.got答案：B单项选择There are so many books here.Why do you like that one_?A.in allB.in shortC.in particularD.in common答案：C