1、Unit 1 Great scientists五年高考练阅读理解A(2020天津,D,)After years of observing human nature, I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance, curiosity and discontent. I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either. And I have neve
2、r known an average man who had both. The two belong together.Together, these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition. Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground. Like Galileo, all the gr
3、eat names in history were curious and asked in discontent, “Why?Why?Why?”Fortunately, curiosity and discontent dont have to be learned. We are born with them and need only recapture them.“The great man,”said Mencius(孟子), “is he who does not lose his childs heart.”Yet most of us do lose it. We stop a
4、sking questions. We stop challenging custom. We just follow the crowd. And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average. It encourages us to occupy our own little corner, to avoid foolish leaps into the dark, to be satisfied.Most of us meet new people, and new ideas, with hesitation. But once
5、 having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance. We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake.How should you start?Modestly, so as not to become discouraged. I think of one friend who couldnt arrange
6、 flowers to satisfy herself. She was curious about how the experts did it. Now she is one of the experts, writing books on flower arrangement.One way to begin is to answer your own excuses. You havent any special ability? Most people dont; there are only a few geniuses. You havent any time?Thats goo
7、d, because its always the people with no time who get things done. Harriet Stowe, mother of six, wrote parts of Uncle Toms Cabin while cooking. Youre too old?Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel, and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78.Howeve
8、r you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for youll never be more alive than you are at this moment.1.discontent adj.不满足2.count for有价值,有重要性3.ambitious adj.野心勃勃的,有雄心壮志的4.occupy vt.占用;占据 5.leap vt.跳跃6.modestly adv.谦虚地7.discouraged adj.灰心的,沮丧的8.genius n.天才,天赋1.In writing Pa
9、ragraph 1, the author aims to .A.propose a definitionB.make a comparisonC.reach a conclusionD.present an argument2.What does the example of Galileo tell us?A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth.B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious.C.Creativity results from challenging authority.D.
10、Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.3.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent?A.Observe the unknown around you.B.Develop a questioning mind.C.Lead a life of adventure.D.Follow the fashion.4.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7?A.Gaining success helps you become an exp
11、ert.B.The genius tends to get things done creatively.C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action.D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection.5.What could be the best title for the passage?A.Curious Minds Never Feel ContentedB.Reflections on Human NatureC.The Keys to Achiev
12、ementD.Never Too Late to LearnB(2019课标全国,D,)Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. The microorganisms(微生物)from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week. How is NASA overcoming this very tiny big prob
13、lem?Its turning to a bunch of high school kids. But not just any kids. It is depending on NASA HUNCH high school classrooms, like the one science teachers Gene Gordon and Donna Himmelberg lead at Fairport High School in Fairport, New York.HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms with NASA
14、 engineers. For the past two years, Gordons students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think theyre close to a solution(解决方案). “We dont give the students any breaks. They have to do it just like NASA engineers,”says Florence Gold, a project manager.“There are no test
15、s,”Gordon says.“There is no graded homework. There almost are no grades, other thanAre you working towards your goal?Basically, its Ive got to produce this product and then, at the end of the year, present it to NASA.Engineers come and really do an in-person review, and.its not a very nice thing at
16、times. Its a hard business review of your product.”Gordon says the HUNCH program has an impact(影响) on college admissions and practical life skills. “These kids are so absorbed in their studies that I just sit back. I dont teach.” And that annoying bacteria?Gordon says his students are emailing daily
17、 with NASA engineers about the problem, readying a workable solution to test in space.1.bacteria (bacterium的复数)n.细菌2.uncontrollably adv.不受控制地3.a bunch of一群4.basically adv.总的来说,从根本上说5.present v.提出,提交6.in-person adj.当面的7.workable adj.可行的6.What do we know about the bacteria in the International Space S
18、tation?A.They are hard to get rid of.B.They lead to air pollution.C.They appear in different forms.D.They damage the instruments.7.What is the purpose of the HUNCH program?A.To strengthen teacher-student relationships.B.To sharpen students communication skills.C.To allow students to experience zero
19、gravity.D.To link space technology with school education.8.What do the NASA engineers do for the students in the program?A.Check their product.B.Guide project designs.C.Adjust work schedules.D.Grade their homework.9.What is the best title for the text?A.NASA:The Home of AstronautsB.Space:The Final H
20、omework FrontierC.Nature:An Outdoor ClassroomD.HUNCH:A College Admission Reform五年高考练A语篇解读本文是一篇议论文,主题语境是人与自我,主题语境内容是好奇心和不满足。本文旨在教育学生唤醒好奇心和不满足,完善自我。1.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:作者写第一段的目的是。这是一篇议论文,作者在第一段亮出自己的观点。D项“提出一个论点”正确。A:提议一个定义;B:作一个比较;C:得出一个结论。2.D推理判断题。本题题干意为:伽利略的例子告诉我们什么?根据第二段的尾句可知,D项“伟大来自持续的探索欲望”正确。 A:反复试验通
21、向真理的发现; B:科学家一般是好奇的、有野心的;C:创造力因挑战权威产生。3.B推理判断题。本题题干意为:你能做什么来重获好奇心和不满足?根据文中第四段可知,作者认为要想重获好奇心和不满足,应该有怀疑精神。故答案为B项“培养怀疑的思维方式”。 A:观察你身边的未知事物;C:过冒险的生活;D:追随时尚。4.C推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第六段和第七段我们可以获知什么?由第六段和第七段可知C项“缺乏天赋和时间不是不采取行动的理由”正确。A:获得成功帮你成为专家; B:天才往往创造性地完成事情;D:当趋于完美时,你应该保持谦逊。5.C主旨大意题。本文首段提出有卓越成就的人所具备的两种品质,文中主体
22、段落通过举例、引用等方式告诫人们要行动起来重拾这两种品质,文末“there is no better time to start than right now”再次强调现在就行动,表明作者对读者的督促和提醒。由此可知本文讲的是成功人士的两种品质,换一种说法就是“获得成就的关键”。故选C。1.原句But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.分析这是一个主从复合句。once.liked them作状语;how引导的宾语从句作think的宾
23、语;该宾语从句how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance中用了虚拟语气,表示对过去情况的虚拟,had提前,省掉了if。句意但一旦我们遇见并喜欢上了它们,我们就会想,如果我们错过了这个机会,那将是多么可怕的事情。2.原句However you start, remember there is no better time to start than right now, for youll never be more alive than you are at this moment.分析However引导让步状语从句,for
24、连接两个并列分句。句意无论你如何开始,记住没有比此刻更好的开始时间了,因为你永远不会比此刻更有活力。B语篇解读本文体裁为记叙文。主题语境为人与社会,主题语境内容为科技发展。美国国家航空航天局创办了一个名为HUNCH的项目,一群高中生在项目中研究如何杀死国际空间站的细菌。本文侧重培养学生的思维品质。6.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:我们对国际空间站的细菌的了解有哪些?根据题干中的关键词bacteria in the International Space Station可定位至第一段。根据第一段中Bacteria are an annoying problem for astronauts. Th
25、e microorganisms from our bodies grow uncontrollably on surfaces of the International Space Station, so astronauts spend hours cleaning them up each week.可知,国际空间站的细菌非常难处理,所以选择A项。B:它们导致空气污染;C:它们以不同的形式出现;D:它们毁坏仪器。7.D细节理解题。本题题干意为:HUNCH项目的目的是什么?第二段第一句HUNCH is designed to connect high school classrooms w
26、ith NASA engineers.(HUNCH的设计目的是将高中教室与NASA的工程师联系在一起。)中的high school classrooms与D选项中的school education(学校教育)对应,NASA engineers与D选项中的space technology(空间技术)对应,故选D。A:为了加强师生关系;B:为了提升学生的交流技能;C:为了让学生体验失重。8.A推理判断题。本题题干意为:NASA的工程师为参加此项目的学生做了些什么?根据题干中的NASA engineers do可定位至第三段的Engineers come and really do an in-pe
27、rson review, and.its not a very nice thing at times. Its a hard business review of your product,句中两次出现review(检查,审查),证明NASA的工程师做的事情就是对学生做出的研究结果进行检查,所以答案是A项。B:指导项目设计;C:调整工作时间表;D:给他们的作业打分。9.B主旨大意题。本题题干意为:最适合本文的标题是什么?本文主要介绍HUNCH项目,这个项目是有关太空研究的,而且研究者都是高中生。根据以上要点可知,最佳选项是B项(Space: The Final Homework Frontier),Space对应太空研究,Homework对应高中教育,Frontier(前沿)突出了这个项目的领先性。A:NASA:The Home of Astronauts,文章并非重点介绍NASA;C:Nature: An Outdoor Classroom,Nature并不聚焦太空领域;D:HUNCH: A College Admission Reform,HUNCH项目不是大学入学改革。