1、Unit2 global drinks-grammar学案现在分词作定语一.快捷识记当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后。e.g.In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。The man speaking to the teacher is our monitors father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed, the ma
2、n speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.二语法点拨使用现在分词作定语应该注意那些问题呢?一. 明确句中位置一般来讲.单个现在分词作定语,通常放在被修饰名词的前面,而现在分词短语作定语则放在被修饰名词的后面,如:1. China is a developing country.2. Who is the student standing by the door?有些作定语的现在分词已经转化为形容词,可被very修饰,如:That is a very interesting story.类似这样的词还有:
3、 inviting, charming, promising, pleasing, encouraging, disappointing, exciting, surprising, amazing, astonishing, shocking, striking 等.二. 认定逻辑主语现在分词作定语时,其逻辑主语就是被修饰的名词.换句话说,被修饰的名词执行了该分词的动作.所以在很多情况下,作定语的现在分词或短语可以改写为定语从句作定语,如:1. These are growing cities. (cities 为现在分词growing的逻辑主语,它执行了grow的动作)此句可改写为:The
4、se are cities that are growing.2. We visited the village lying in the south of our county. (the village 为现在分词lying 的逻辑主语,它执行了lie的动作)此句可改写为:We visited the village which lies in the south of the our county.3. Give the book to the man carrying a blue umbrella. (the man 为现在分词carrying的逻辑主语,它执行了 carry的动作)
5、此句可改写为:Give the book to the man who is carrying a blue umbrella.现在分词作定语,其形式简洁,但在思想表达方面有局限性,因此特定的过去动作或较为复杂的谓语动词形式必须放在定语从句中表达,如:1. The man who came to see me this morning is Tom. (定语从句中有过去时间状语)2. Is there anyone who can answer this question? (定语从句中有情态动词)3. Those who have finished their exercises can g
6、o home now. (定语从句中使用了完成时态)三.弄懂时间内涵现在分词作定语时,它所表示的时间一般与谓语动词所表示的时间相同.现在分词不但可表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性的动作或状态,还可表示将来的动作,如:1. Do you know the woman talking to our head-teacher? =Do you know the woman who is talking to our head-teacher? (定语从句中谓语动词用现在进行时)2. The factory making color TVs is located east of the city.
7、= The factory that makes color TVs is located east of the city. (定语从句中谓语动词用一般现在时)3. The boy coming to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine. = The boy who will come to dinner this evening is a classmate of mine. (定语从句中谓语动词用一般将来时)有这样一拨不及物动词的现在分词与其过去分词所表达的时间形成鲜明的对比现在分词表示动作正在进行,而过去分词则表示动作已经完成,如:fa
8、lling leavesfallen leaves boiling waterboiled watera developing countrya developed country a sinking shipa sunken shipa drowning persona drowned body the rising sunthe risen sunthe changing worldthe changed world四.掌握基本形式现在分词(The present participle)由动词原形加词尾 ing 构成,它有一般式和完成式;及物动词的现在分词还有主动态和被动态.不过,现在分词
9、作定语时通常只用一般时,不用较为复杂的形式,只是在某些表示强调的情况下才有例外,如:1. The questing being discussed is of great importance. (此句使用现在分词的被动态,强调正在被动执行的动作)2. The old man, _ abroad for twenty years, is on the way to his motherland. (2004高考江苏卷)A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked (此题答案为D,强调该分词动作在谓语动作之前发生且延续一段时间,故用现在分词完成式)版权所有：高考资源网()
