1、专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考第3课时 字斟句酌驾驭推理判断类题目 专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考怎么考 推理判断题要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力。这类试题包括很多种，但主要考查推断隐含意义、推断目标、推断写作意图、推断观点态度等，其中重点是推断隐含意义。这类试题的题干中常含有infer(推断)，learn about(知道)，suggest(暗示)，imply(暗示)，conclude(推断)，indicate(暗示)等词语。专 题 探 究
2、感 悟 高 考怎么学 在平时的阅读训练中努力使自己融入到作者的思想中，根据作者的逻辑思路去读，去理解，不妨在平时阅读文章时先遮掉某些段落，然后考虑之后可能会发生什么，然后再去验证。练习久了，一定能提升预测能力，化被动为主动。怎么解 解答推理判断题要以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息进行多步推理。考生解题时通常需要透过文字的表层意思，在全文的背景下理解文章的深层含义。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考同时要求考生不仅要读懂所涉及内容的每个句子的意思，还要推断出它们之间的关系，再结合自己的生活常识和经验，通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层
3、含义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时考生务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推断的依据，即已知部分推理的前提，从中推断出未知部分推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考解答这类题的一般步骤是：1.定位信息：通过寻读找到相关信息点。2.字面理解：理解相关信息点的字面意义。3.深层理解：结合语境和常识，在字面意义的基础上进行符合逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考【典例剖析1】体裁：记叙文 话题：人生百态 词数：290 时间：6(2015新课标全国卷，A)Mycolor television has give
4、nme nothing but a headache.I was able to buy it a little over a yearago because I had my relatives give me money for my birthdayinstead of a lot of clothes that wouldnt fit.I let a salesclerk fool meinto buying a discontinued model.I realized this a day later，when Isaw newspaper advertisements for t
5、he set at seventy-five dollars lessthan I had paid.The set worked so beautifully when I first got ithome that I would keep it on until stations signed offfor thenight.Fortunately，I didnt got any channels showing all-nightmovies or I would never have gotten to bed.专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考Then I started develop
6、ing a problem with the set thatinvolved static(静电)noise.For some reason，when certain showsswitched into a commercial，a loud noise would sound for a fewseconds.Gradually，this noise began to appear during a show，and to get rid of it，I had to change to another channel and thenchange it back.Sometimes t
7、his technique would not work，and Ihad to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound.I actuallybegan to build up my arm muscles(肌肉)shaking my set.专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考When neither of these methods removed the static noise，Iwould sit helplessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last Iended up hittin
8、g the set with my fist，and it stopped workingaltogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me$62，and the set isworking well now，but I keep expecting more trouble.专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文。作者用幽默诙谐的笔调向我们讲述了他购买的一台电视机所带来的一系列烦恼的故事。1.Why did the author say he was fooled into buying the TV set?A.He got an o
9、lder model than he had expected.B.He couldnt return it when it was broken.C.He could have bought it at a lower price.D.He failed to find any movie shows on it.答案 C 推理判断题。根据“.newspaper advertisementsfor the set at seventyfive dollars less than I had paid.”可知，作者是在一天后看到自己所购买的电视机降了75美元才感觉自己上当受骗了。由此可知他本可
10、以以更低的价格购买这台电视机的。因此C项正确。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考2.Which of the following can best replace the phrase“signed off”in Paragraph 1?A.ended all their programs B.provided fewer channels C.changed to commercials D.showed allnight movies 答案 A 词义猜测题。由下一句的内容可知，我没有彻夜播放电影的频道，不然就无法睡觉了。据此可以推断作者一直看到一天的节目结束为止。故A项为正确答案。专 题 探 究
11、感 悟 高 考3.How did the author finally get his TV set working again?A.By shaking and hitting it.B.By turning it on and off.C.By switching channels.D.By having it repaired.答案 D 事实细节题。由短文最后“My trip to the repairshop cost me$62.”一句可知，作者把电视机送到维修店请人修理。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考4.How does the author sound when telling t
12、he story?A.Curious.B.Anxious.C.Cautious.D.Humorous.答案 D 推理判断题。纵览全文，尤其是第二段末句“Iactually began to build up my arm muscles，shaking myset.”(通过摇晃电视机，我手臂的肌肉增强了不少)，字里行间流露出作者幽默调侃的语气。因此答案为D。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考【典例剖析2】体裁：说明文 话题：科普知识 词数：352 时间：7(2014天津卷，B)A world-famous Canadian author，MargaretAtwood，has created the
13、worlds first long-distance signing device(装置)，the LongPen.After many tiring book-signing tours from city to city，Atwoodthought there must be a better way to do them.She hired sometechnical experts and started her own company in 2004.Together theydesigned the LongPen.Heres how it works：The author wri
14、tes apersonal message and signature on a computer tablet(手写板)using aspecial pen.On the receiving end，in another city，a robotic armfitted with a regular pen signs the book.The author and fan can talkwith each other via webcams(网络摄像机)and computer screens.专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考Work on the LongPen began in Atwo
15、ods basement(地下室).At first，they had no idea it would be as hard as it turned outto be.The device went through several versions，including onethat actually had smoke coming out of it.The inventing finallycompleted，test runs were made in Ottawa，and the LongPen wasofficially launched at the 2006 London
16、Book Fair.From here，Atwood conducted two transatlantic book signings of her latestbook for fans in Toronto and New York City.专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考The LongPen produces a unique signature each time becauseit copies the movement of the author in real time.It has severalother potential applications.It could in
17、crease credit card securityand allow people to sign contracts from another province.Thevideo exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded onDVD for proof when legal documents are used.“Its really fun，”said the owner of a bookstore，whowas present for one of the test runs.“Obviously you cant s
18、hakehands with the author，but there are chances for a connection thatyou dont get from a regular book signing.”专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考Theresponsetotheinventionhasntbeenallfavorable.Atwood has received criticism from authors who thinkshes trying to end book tours.But she said，“It will be possible togo to plac
19、es that you never got sent to before because thepublishers couldnt afford it.”【语篇解读】本文是说明文，题材为科普知识与现代技术。本文介绍了世界著名的加拿大作者Margaret Atwood设计的远距离签字设备LongPen。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考5.Why did Atwood decide to invent the LongPen?A.To set up her own company.B.To win herself greater popularity.C.To write her books in
20、a new way.D.To make book signings less tiring.答案 D 推理判断题。由文章第二段第一句可知，经过许多次奔波于不同城市间的令人疲惫的巡回签名售书活动后，Atwood认为一定有一种更好的签售的办法。由此可推测，Atwood决定发明LongPen的目的就是让这种签售活动稍微轻松一点。故选择D项。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考6.How does the LongPen work?A.It copies the authors signature and prints it on a book.B.It signs a book while receivin
21、g the authors signature.C.The webcam sends the authors signature to another city.D.The fan uses it to copy the authors signature himself.答案 B 推理判断题。由第二段第四、五句可知LongPen的工作原理：作者用一支专用笔在电脑的手写板上写上个人信息和签名，另一个城市的接收方用配备了常规笔的机器手臂在书上签名。故选择B项。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考7.What do we know about the invention of the LongPen?A.
22、It has been completed but not put into use.B.The basement caught fire by accident.C.Some versions failed before its test run.D.The designers were wellprepared for the difficulty.答案 C 推理判断题。由第三段第三句The device wentthrough several versions，including one that actually had smokecoming out of it.可知，LongPen
23、在获得成功之前经历过数次失败。故选择C项。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考8.How could the LongPen be used in the future?A.To draft legal documents.B.To improve credit card security.C.To keep a record of the authors ideas.D.To allow author and fan to exchange videos.答案 B 细节理解题。由第四段中It has several otherpotential applications.It could incre
24、ase credit card security and.可知，LongPen还有很多潜在的功能，比如说提高信用卡的安全性。故选择B项。专 题 探 究感 悟 高 考9.What could be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6?A.Atwood doesnt mean to end book tours.B.Critics think the LongPen is of little use.C.Bookstore owners dont support the LongPen.D.Publishers dislike the LongPen for its high cost.答案 A 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Atwood所说的内容可推断出，她并没有打算结束她的巡回签名售书活动。故选择A项。