1、Section Starting out & Understanding idea.阅读理解AA dragonfly barely an inch and a half long appears to be the animal worlds most productive long distance traveler flying thousands of miles over oceans as it migrates from continent to continent according to a newly published research.Biologists who led
2、 the study say the evidence is in the genes.They found that populations of this dragonfly, called Pantala flavescens, in Texas, eastern Canada，Japan, Korea, India, and South America, have genes so similar that there is only one likely explanation.Apparently somehow these insects are travelling dista
3、nces that are extraordinarily long for their small size, breeding (繁殖) with each other, and creating a common worldwide gene pool.But how do insects from different continents manage to meet and hook up？Ware says it appears to be the way their bodies have evolved.“These dragonflies have adaptations s
4、uch as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.”Dragonflies, in fact, have already been observed crossing the Indian Ocean from Asia to Africa.“They are following the weather，”says Daniel Troast, who analyzed the DNA samples in Wares lab.“Theyre going fr
5、om India where its the dry season to Africa where its the wet season, and apparently they do it once a year.”Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce, and that, says Ware, is why these insects would be driven to even attempt such a dangerous trip, which she calls a “kind of suicide”The species dep
6、ends on it.While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.For the moment, the details of this extraordinary insect travel are a best educated guess.Much more work is needed to bring many loose ends together.Ware and Troast hope that scientists can work on plotting
7、those routes.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种长途飞行的蜻蜓Pantala flavescens。这种蜻蜓冒险长途飞行的原因是它的繁殖需要湿润的气候。1What proves Pantala flavescens are the worlds longestdistance flyers?AScientists have tracked the dragonfly across the world.BThere are many Pantala flavescens in various continents.CThe same dragonfly was found b
8、oth in Asia and America.DPantala flavescens in different continents have similar genes.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知，领导这项研究的生物学家说基因就是证据。Pantala flavescens蜻蜓在不同的洲有可能留有后代，才会有相似的基因。反过来，在不同的洲有共同的基因，证明了它们曾飞到过那儿，也就证明了这种蜻蜓是长途飞行者。2What helps Pantala flavescens fly over so long distance?ATheir special body shape.BThe
9、ir ability to use wind.CTheir small and light bodies.DTheir large and strong wings.解析：选B推理判断题。根据第三段中的These dragonflies have adaptations such as increased surface areas on their wings that enable them to use the wind to carry them.可知，这些蜻蜓适应性强，比如翅膀上表面积的增加，使它们能够利用风来飞行。故B项(运用风飞行的能力)正确。3What is necessary
10、 for Pantala flavescens to reproduce?ADamp weather.BEnough sunshine.CDry environment. DWarm nests.解析：选A细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的Wetness is a must for Pantala to reproduce 可知，这种蜻蜓的繁殖必须要湿润的气候。4What does the underlined word “it”in Paragraph 5 refer to?AThe weather.BThe insect.CThe wind. DThe trip.解析：选D代词指代题。根据第五
11、段内容可知，对于这种昆虫来说，这种危险的长途飞行是自杀式行为。虽然许多昆虫会死在途中，但这种物种依靠这种长途飞行生存下来。从后面一句While many will die on the route, as long as enough make it, the species survives.可知，it指上文的危险长途飞行。BI can hear the sound of insects and feel autumn is nearing.This means my year of study at Nara University of Education is coming to an
12、end.The time Ive spent here has flown by so quickly.It seems as if I came here a month ago, but in reality I have to go home soon.When I came here, I missed my family and friends back home and found it hard to overcome loneliness, but on the other hand, I was interested in the new environment and ha
13、d a lot of fun.I had visited Japan three times before coming to study at this university, but when I started living in Japan, many days were filled with a mixture of anxiety and excitement.I sometimes made silly mistakes, but I thought this was the best way to learn about Japanese culture.I was not
14、the only one that was not accustomed to the different customs of Japanese people.My plan before coming to Japan was to make friends with some Japanese students in universities.However, I found my best friends were those who came from other countries.I didnt know much about other countries but I came
15、 to be more interested in them through making friends from different places, which made me aware of many difference and sometimes hardtounderstand customs.Furthermore, I was surprised to see myself thinking more about my own culture and realised I should come to know it better.I am really happy that
16、 I came to Nara.During my stay, I felt the closer connection between humans and nature here than in Europe.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章分享了作者在国外的学习经历。5What can we infer from the third paragraph?AThe author felt puzzled all the time.BThe author adjusted to the life in Japan.CMany foreigners live in the city of Na
17、ra.DMany students like the author felt anxious.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段中的many days were filled with a mixture of anxiety and excitement和I was not the only one that was not accustomed to the different customs of Japanese people.可知，许多像作者这样的学生感到焦虑。6What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 4 refer to?A
18、Different countries.BDifferent cultures.CMany different places.DForeign students.解析：选A代词指代题。根据第四段中的I found my best friends were those who came from other countries.I didnt know much about other countries but I came to be more interested in them through making friends from different places可知，作者发现他最好的
19、朋友是来自其他国家。作者对其他国家不太了解，但通过结交来自不同地方的朋友使作者对它们更感兴趣了。由此可推知，此处them指不同的国家。7What do we know about the Japanese according to the text?AThey value their lives much more.BThey are difficult to get along with.CThey are mindful of protecting the environment.DMany Europeans love to make friends with them.解析：选C推理判
20、断题。根据最后一段内容可知，日本人注意保护环境。8What is the authors purpose in writing the text?ATo look back on his study.BTo call on readers to visit Nara.CTo show the beauty of Japanese culture.DTo share his experience of studying abroad.解析：选D写作意图题。根据第一段内容和最后一段内容可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享他在国外的学习经历。CSome houses are designed to be
21、 smart.Others have smart designs.An example of the second type of house won an Award of Excellence from the American Institute of Architects.Located on the shore of Sullivans Island off the coast of South Carolina, the awardwinning cubeshaped beach house was built to replace one smashed to pieces by
22、 Hurricane Hugo a few years ago.Hugo struck South Carolina, killing 18 people and damaging or destroying 36,000 homes in the state.Before Hugo, many new houses built along South Carolinas shoreline were poorly constructed, and enforcement of building codes wasnt strict, according to architect Ray Hu
23、ff, who created the cleverlydesigned beach house.In Hugos wake, all new shoreline houses are required to meet stricter, betterenforced codes.The new beach house on Sullivans Island should be able to withstand a Category 3 hurricane with peak winds of 179 to 209 kilometers per hour.At first sight, th
24、e house on Sullivans Island looks anything but hurricaneproof.Its redwood shell makes it resemble “a large party lantern” at night, according to one observer.But looks can be deceiving.The wooden frame of the house is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.To further protect the h
25、ouse from hurricane damage, Huff raised it 2.7 meters off the ground on timber (木材) pilings long, slender columns of wood anchored deep in the sand.Pilings might appear insecure, but they are strong enough to support the weight of the house.They also elevate the house above storm surges.The pilings
26、allow the surges to run under the house instead of running into it.“These swells of water come ashore at tremendous speeds and cause most of the damage done to beachfront buildings，” said Huff.Huff designed the timber pilings to be partially concealed (隐藏) by the houses groundtoroof shell.“The shell
27、 masks the pilings so that the house doesnt look like its standing with its pants pulled up，”said Huff.In the event of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一栋因其独特的设计而获得大奖的海滨别墅。这栋别墅既抗风防浪，又美观坚固。9The awardwinning
28、beach house is quite strong because_.Ait is strengthened by steel rodsBit is made of redwoodCit is in the shape of a shellDit is built with timber and concrete解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段中的The wooden frame of the house is reinforced with long steel rods to give it extra strength.可知，别墅的木制框架用长钢条加固，这给了它额外的强度，因此非常牢
29、固。10Huff raised the house 2.7 meters off the ground on timber pilings in order to _.Awithstand peak winds of about 200 km/hrBanchor stronger pilings deep in the sandCbreak huge sea waves into smaller onesDprevent water from rushing into the house解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段第二至四句可知，桩基可能看起来不安全，但它们足够坚固来支撑别墅的重量。它们还
30、能将别墅抬高到风暴潮以上。由此可知，Huff用木桩基将别墅抬高到离地面2.7米以上是为了当风暴潮来临时，风暴潮可以从别墅下面冲过去，而不会冲进别墅。11The main function of the shell is _.Ato strengthen the pilings of the houseBto give the house a better appearanceCto protect the wooden frame of the houseDto slow down the speed of the swelling water解析：选B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的The
31、shell masks the pilings so that the house doesnt look like its standing with its pants pulled up可知，外壳遮盖了木桩，这样别墅看起来不会像卷起裤腿站着的样子，即外壳遮盖木桩是为了让别墅外观更美。12It can be inferred from the passage that the shell should be_.Afancylooking BwaterproofCeasily breakable Dextremely strong解析：选C推理判断题。根据最后一段中的In the event
32、 of a storm surge, the shell should break apart and let the waves rush under the house, the architect explained.可知，在风暴潮涌来的情况下，别墅外壳会裂开，让海浪从别墅下面冲过去。由此可以推断，外壳应该很容易破裂。.阅读七选五Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy.When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month._1_
33、One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories._2_We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that
34、connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day._3_Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right._4_The synapses (突触) in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken
35、before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.If Tononis theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a nights sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.Their research
36、also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner.The team discovered that some synapses seemed to be protected and stayed the same size._5_“You keep what matters，” Tononi says.AWe should also try to sleep well the night before.BIts as if the brain is
37、preserving its most important memories.CSimilarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.DThe processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.EThats why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.F“Sleep is the price we pay
38、for learning，”says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.GTononis team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人和动物需要睡眠的一些理论以及睡眠的重要性。1选C根据前一句When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.可知，如果实验室里的老鼠不睡觉，一个月它们就死了。同样，人几天不睡觉，也会生病。人和动物形成对应，死和生病形成对应，故选C。2选E前一句提到睡觉有助于我们加强新的记忆。所以学生在学习新知识后如果有机会睡一觉，他们在考试中就会表现得更好，前后为因果关系，故选E。3选F根据下文中的he可知，此处要提到一个人以及他的理论，故选F。4选G根据下文中提到的关键词synapses in the mice 以及整个句子可知，他肯定做了关于老鼠的实验，G项中的synapses和mice，都与他的实验有关，故选G。5选B根据后一句提到的You keep what matters(你记住重要的东西)可知，大脑会把最重要的记忆保存下来，前后逻辑关系顺畅，故选B。
