1、专题2代词考纲展示命题探究基础点1both, either, neither, all, any和none都(肯定含义)任何一个(肯定含义)都不(否定含义)两者botheitherneither三者或三者以上allanynoneThere are many trees on_either_side (both sides) of the street. 街道的两边有很多树。Neither_answer is correct.两个答案都不对。None_of_the_money is mine.钱都不是我的。All_of_the_food has gone.食物全没了。特别提醒all和both的位
2、置比较灵活，可位于实义动词之前，连系动词、助动词或情态动词之后。但在简略答语中，不能置于句末。Did you both take part in the party?你们两个都参加晚会了吗？Yes, we both did.是的，我们都参加了。2some和anysome“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词用于肯定句any“一些”，既可以修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词用于否定句、疑问句或条件句Some_of_the_milk has gone bad.有一些牛奶坏了。I havent got any_money on me.我身上没带钱。3each和every词功能意义each
3、主语、宾语、同位语、定语两个或两个以上中的每一个，强调“个体”，可与of短语搭配every定语三个或三个以上中的每一个，强调“整体”，可与almost, nearly连用。Almost_every_student in our class passed the English exam yesterday.昨天我们班几乎每个同学英语考试都及格了。There are lots of trees on_each_side_of_the_road.路两边有许多树。特别提醒every可用来表示“每隔”。4none, nobody/no one和nothing指代特指/泛指用来回答none人或物特指ho
4、w many/muchnobody/no one人泛指whonothing物泛指whatHow much money do you have?None.你有多少钱？一点也没有。If I had some money, I would lend him some, but unfortunately, I_have_none. (nonenot any money)如果我有钱的话，我就借给他了，但遗憾的是，我没钱。I wished someone could help me, but there was no_one at the moment.(no onenot anyone)我希望当时有人
5、能帮我，但当时没有人。What are you doing?Nothing.你在做什么？什么也没做。5another, other, the other, others和the others代词用法another泛指“另一个”，用于表示三个或三个以上的另一个other泛指“另一些”，常与可数名词复数连用the other特指“(两者中的)另一个”，常与one连用，构成“one. the other.”(一个另一个)。修饰复数名词时，表示“其余全部的”others泛指“其余的人或物”(但不是全部)相当于“other可数名词复数”，常构成“some.others.”the others特指“其余所
6、有的人或物”，相当于“the other可数名词复数”Ill give you another_example.我再给你举个例子。Where are the_other_boys in the class?班里其他的男孩在哪里？Some hobbies are relaxing, others are creative.一些兴趣是让人放松的，还有一些是富有创意的。Six of them are mine; the_others are Johns.其中六个是我的；其余的是约翰的。6many, much, few, little, a few和a little多少肯定否定复数名词概念manya
7、fewfew不可数名词概念mucha littlelittleMany_people are present now.现在有很多人在场。He doesnt have much_money.他的钱不多。He has a_few_friends.他有几个朋友。He has few_friends.他没有什么朋友。There is a_little_hope of his success.他有点成功的希望。There is little_hope of his success.他几乎没有成功的希望。7复合不定代词某任何每个，所有没有人someone/somebodyanyone/anybodyeve
8、ryone/everybodyno one/nobody物somethinganythingeverythingnothingI have something to tell you.我有事要告诉你。Is anyone there?有人吗？We cant decide anything now.现在我们不能决定任何事情。Luckily nobody was hurt in that accident.很幸运，没有人在事故中受伤。特别提醒something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, everyone, anyone, no on
9、e等不定代词有修饰语修饰时，修饰语后置。There is something_wrong with my car.我的车有些问题。重难点1some和any的特殊用法(1)some可放在单数可数名词前用来表达“某一”的概念。John, some_student is waiting for you downstairs.约翰，有个学生在楼下等你。(2)若疑问句表示请求、建议，用some，不用any。May I ask you some questions?我可以问你几个问题吗？(3)any用于肯定句时，含义为“任何或任何一个”。You may choose any student to do t
10、he research.你可以选择任何学生来做这项调查。2代词的全部否定和部分否定(1)none, no one, nobody, nothing, neither, not any 以及no名词均表示全部否定。(2)当not出现在含有表示肯定的不定代词all, both, everyone, everybody以及“every名词”的句子中，不管not在其前还是其后均表示部分否定，“并非”。Neither_of_us is a teacher.我们俩都不是老师。Both_of_us are not teachers.Not_both_of_us are teachers.并非我们俩都是老师。
11、3不定冠词的习惯搭配nothing but仅仅，只是anything but绝不or something诸如此类的人或物all but几乎，差不多every other day每隔一天each other(两者)互相one another(三者或三者以上)互相one.another(三者或三者以上)一个另一个one. the other(两者中)一个另一个some. others 一些另一些考法综述对不定代词的考查集中在其指代范围，不定代词在语篇型语法填空和短文改错中常会涉及，近五年考查了24次。命题法考查不定代词的用法典例1Niki is always full of ideas, but
12、_ is useful to my knowledge.答案none句意：尼基总是充满了想法，但据我所知没有一个有用。根据句意和转折连词but可知，此处表示尼基的想法一个也没用。代词none表示特指，相当于“no上文提到的名词”，可以和of连用，该空后省略了of his ideas。答案为none。典例2In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in other, knife and forks._答案otherothers根据句意可知，此处表示泛指“其他的国家”。故用othersother countries。【解题法】不定代词
13、的必备知识和一般解题思路(1)对不定代词的考查集中在其指代范围，故解题时一定要明确所指代的对象。另外要准确区分易混的不定代词。重点掌握下列几组易混词或短语的区别：another, other, the other, others, the othersall, both, either, neither, none, each, everymany, much, few, a few, little, a littlesome, any(2)在语法填空中，考查不定代词是不给提示的，根据语境去判断，选择相应的不定代词。(3)在短文改错中，根据题干信息确定所指范围，再根据语境及题干表达的意义来确定
14、不定代词的意义。A单句填空1To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against_.答案the other句意：为了让自己暖和，那位水手坐在火堆前面，用一只脚摩擦另外一只脚。表示两者之间的“一个另一个”要用one.the other.。2The traffic on the main street has a longer green signal than _ on the small ones.答案that句意：主街道上的绿色信号灯的时长要比小道上的长。用that代替特指的不可数
15、名词“the traffic”，以免与前文重复。3The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for sure.答案nobody句意：会议要在九月召开，但是没有人知道确切日期。该句由but连接的两个并列分句构成。第一个分句说会议将要在九月召开，而转折词but意味着两个分句意思相反，故用否定词nobody。4A smile costs_， but gives much.答案nothing/little句意：微笑不会损失什么，但是却能给予很多。根据题干中的but可推知设空处应为表示否定的代词，故答案为nothing或litt
16、le。5Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked_and moved to Cambridge.答案neither句意：她在伦敦和曼彻斯特居住过，但是她不喜欢这两座城市，然后搬到剑桥了。由表示转折的连词but可知该空应该表示否定意思，题干中两个名词(London, Manchester)此处表示“两者都不”，故答案为neither。6And its better for their studies as they wont be interrupted by _ (other)答案others句意：这对于他们的学习来说更好，因为他们不
17、会被其他人打扰。others相当于other复数名词，因空后无名词，故填others。7I asked Tom and Mike to come to my birthday party, but _ appeared.答案neither句意：我邀请了汤姆和迈克来参加我的生日聚会，但他们一个都没来。由Tom和Mike及but可知此处表示“两个都不”。8We have two seats free here. Which one would you like?_！ My mother is coming to see the film with me.答案Both句意：我们这有两个空位。你想要哪
18、一个？两个都要。我母亲和我一起来看电影。根据下文可知用both，意为“两者都”。9.Why did you buy two pairs of shoes?It was so hard to choose which was the better, so I took them _.答案both句意：你为什么买了两双鞋？很难选择哪双更好，因此我两双都买了。根据上文可知用both，意为“两个都”。10Stephen William Hawking is recognized as the leading character in the field of physics and so far re
19、mains second to_.答案none句意：史蒂芬威廉霍金被认为是物理领域的领头人，到目前为止他仍然首屈一指。second to none表示“不亚于任何人，首屈一指”。B单句改错1I wanted to do everything special for him at his retirement party._答案everythingsomething根据句意，此处表示是一些事。2The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but none contained any useful suggestions
20、._答案noneneither由two reports可知“两个都不”，故用neither。3When shall I call, in the morning or afternoon?Any. Ill be in all day._答案AnyEither由in the morning or afternoon可知是“两者中的任一个”，故用Either。4You can ask anyone for help. Someone here is willing to lend you a hand._答案SomeoneEveryone由句中anyone可知此处表示是“每一个人”，故用Every
21、one。5Good families are much to all their numbers, but something to none._答案somethingeverything根据句意可知此处表示“并非一切”，故用everything。6Sophia waited for a reply, but nothing came._答案nothingnone根据句意可知，此处表示“一个都没有”，故用none。7Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she didnt answer some of them._答案someany根据but可知此处表示
22、全部否定，not any表全部否定，故用any。8Which of those ties do you like best?Neither. They are all too expensive and dont go well with my new suit._答案NeitherNone由句中best和all可知是三个或三个以上，根据答语可知是全部否定，故用none。9This project requires close team work. None will be achieved unless we work well together._答案NoneNothing根据句意可知此处
23、表示“没有什么事情”，故用Nothing。10Which of the three ways shall I take to the village?Either way as you please._答案EitherAny由句中three ways可知是三个或三个以上，此处表示三个或三个以上的任一个，故用Any。基础点1指代上文中提到过的事物、事情等Where is my English book?我的英语书在哪？It is on the desk.它在桌子上。2用以代替指示代词this, thatWhats this?这是什么？Its a flag.是一面旗。3指不知性别的婴儿(baby)
24、或身份不明确的人(由于某种原因而不知对方是谁)The baby cried because it was hungry.婴儿因饥饿而啼哭。Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门？Its me. 是我。4指时间、天气、距离等It is nine oclock sharp now.现在是9点整。It is raining hard outside.外面雨下得正大。It is a long way to the factory.到工厂有很长一段路。5作形式主语或形式宾语it常用来代替不定式、动名词短语或名词性从句作形式主语或形式宾语而将真正的主语或宾语后置。Its impo
25、ssible for him to get there in time.(作形式主语，代替不定式结构)他不可能及时到达那里。It_is no good living alone without keeping in touch with others.(作形式主语，代替动名词短语)独居不和外人来往是没有好处的。I find it easy to get on with Jim.(作形式宾语，代替不定式短语)我发现同吉姆相处很容易。I have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.(作形式宾语，代替名词性从句)我已经讲得很清楚，任
26、何人都不准在这儿吸烟。6用于强调句中It is/was被强调部分that其他成分。It was I that/who told him about it.是我告诉他这件事的。特别提醒当被强调部分是人时，可用who来代替that。7it的固定结构as it is照现状It depends. 视情况而定。Dont mention it. 不客气。Take it easy.别着急。Believe it or not. 信不信由你。see to it that.确保make it 成功，做到When it comes to.当谈到重难点1it作形式主语或形式宾语(1)it作形式主语的常用句型Itbea
27、dj.(for sb.) to do sth.常用于此句型的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, important, possible, impossible等。It is important for us to learn English well.对于我们来讲学好英语很重要。Itbeadj.of sb. to do sth.常用于此句型中的形容词一般为描述人的品德、特性的词，如：kind, nice, wise, polite, friendly, foolish等。It is friendly of the family to try to ma
28、ke me feel at home in their house.这家人真友好，努力让我感觉像在家一样。It ben.(for sb./sth.)to do sth.用于此句型的名词有：pity, shame, fun, good manners, bad manners等。It is good manners for the young to help the old.年轻人帮助老年人是有礼貌的。It takes/took sb.一段时间to do sth.“做某事花某人多长时间。”It took us an hour to get there.到那花了我们一个小时。It beadj./n
29、.doing sth.用于此句型的形容词和名词有：no/little use, no/much good, useless, fun等。Its no use crying over spilt milk.后悔无益，于事无补。Itbeadj./n.主语从句。It was a pity that you could not come.你不能来真是遗憾。特别提醒It is necessary/important/strangethat从句，从句的谓语动词常用“shoulddo”， should可以省略。It be过去分词that从句。用于此句型中的动词有：say, report, think, be
30、lieve, hope, decide, request, require, order, suggest, advise等。It is said that he has finished his book.据说他已写完了书。特别提醒在“Its suggested(建议)/advised/ordered/requested/insisted (坚持要求)/required/demandedthat从句”中，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语要用“should动词原形”，should可省略。如：It is suggested that the patient (should)_be operated
31、on at once.建议给病人立刻动手术。(2)it作形式宾语的情况当宾语是动词不定式、动名词、从句，且其后有宾语补足语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，通常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语置于句末。常用it作形式宾语的动词有：believe, find, feel, think, guess, suppose, make等。I feel it not difficult to learn English well.我觉得学好英语不难。某些及物动词或短语后不能直接跟宾语从句。此时须先用it作形式宾语，然后接宾语从句，有此用法的动词(短语)有：like, dislike, hate, appreci
32、ate, depend on等。I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我讨厌人满嘴食物说话。You may depend on it that all the goods will be shipped abroad in time.你可以相信所有的货物都会及时地用船运到国外去。2it构成的几个易混句型(1)Itbe时间段since引导的状语从句这个句型表示“自以来已多久了”。表示现在的情况时，主句多用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句多用一般过去时；表示过去的情况时，主句用一般过去时，从句用过去完成时。It_is three years
33、 since his father passed_away.自从他父亲去世已经三年了。It_was 10 years since they had_married.自从他们结婚已经十年了。(2)Itbe时间段before引导的状语从句这个句型中的“时间段”一般为some time, long, .years, .months, .weeks, .days, .hours, .minutes等。主句中的be可用一般过去时was或一般将来时will be：用was时，before从句用一般过去时；用will be时，before从句常用一般现在时。It_was some time before I
34、 realized the truth.过了一段时间我才了解到真相。It_wasnt long before he told us about this affair.没过多久他就告诉了我们这件事情。It_will_be many years before the situation improves.这种状况要许多年后才会改善。(3)Itbe时间点when引导的状语从句这个句型中，it指时间，而且表示时间的词语前没有介词(时间一般为具体时间)。主句的谓语动词和从句的谓语动词在时态上一般是一致的，但是当主句是将来时时，从句一般用一般现在时代替将来时。It_was already 8 ocloc
35、k when we got home.我们到家时已经8点了。It_will_be next morning when we finish our work.我们结束工作时将是第二天早晨。(4)Itbetimethat引导的从句这个句型中从句需用虚拟语气，该句型表示“是做的时候了”，无论主句谓语动词是is还是was，从句的谓语动词必须用过去式(be用were)或“should动词原形”，should不可省。time之前有时可加上high或about以加强语气。It_is_high_time_(that) she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.她早该写一封信给她男
36、朋友了。(5)Itbethe first (second, third.) timethat引导的从句这个句型表示“这/那是某人第几次做某事”。主句中be是is时，从句要用现在完成时；主句中be是was时，则从句须相应地用过去完成时。It_is the first time (that) these Europeans have_visited the Great Wall.这是这些欧洲人第一次参观长城。It_was the fifth time (that) he had_paid a friendly visit to Africa.这是他第五次到非洲友好访问。考法综述it的用法，尤其是i
37、t作替代词及形式主语、形式宾语在语篇语法填空和短文改错常会涉及，近五年考查了10次，是高考考查的重点。命题法1it作为替代词典例1Close to the school there was a beautiful park with many trees around_.答案it句意：在这所学校附近有一个由很多树环绕的漂亮公园。用it指代上面提到的公园。典例2Some of my friends who had been there before said one was a wonderful holiday destination._答案oneit用来指代上文所提到的内容，故用it。【解题
38、法】it为替代词用法的必备知识和一般解题思路(1)首先要了解it的替代功能，如指天气、时间等，也可以指代前面提到过的具体事件以及上文提到的同一个事物。(2)在语法填空中，考查it时是不给提示词的，因此可以通过分析句子成分和语境来判断是否与上文提到的一致，为了避免重复，用it代替。(3)在短文改错中，通过上下文的语境判断是否指代上文中所提到的同一事件或事物，因此在平时的学习中，掌握it的用法。命题法2it作形式主语或形式宾语典例3_was considerate of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.答案It句子结
39、构为It is/wasadj.for(of) sb. to do sth.。句意：Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心，想得真周到。本句使用了It is/was considerate of sb. to do sth.这一结构。considerate“考虑周到的”。典例4Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come._答案appreciate后面加itappreciate后先加it再加从句，it在此作形式宾语。【解题法】it作形式主语和形式宾语的必备知识和一般解题思路(1
40、)首先要了解it作形式主语和形式宾语，it作形式主语和形式宾语来代替真正的主语和宾语(不定式、动名词或名词性从句)放在前面，而真正的主语和宾语放在后面。(2)在语法填空中，考查it作形式主语和形式宾语时是不给提示词的，根据分析句子成分判断是否为it作形式主语或形式宾语。(3)在短文改错中，需要熟练掌握it作形式主语或形式宾语的常用句式。A单句填空1How would you like_if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without
41、asking you?答案it句意：当你在看你最喜欢的电视节目时，如果有人进来，并且未经允许就把电视关掉，你会怎么想？it在此作形式宾语，指代后面if从句的内容。“动词itwhen/if从句”结构中，it作形式宾语，常见的动词有enjoy, hate, love, like, dislike, appreciate等。2Raise your leg and let _ stay in the air seconds.答案it句意：抬起腿，让它在空中抬一会儿。let的宾语指的是前面的your leg，故用it。3The first time you take part in a race, _
42、is very normal to feel tense.答案it句意：第一次参加比赛，你感觉紧张很正常。根据句意可知不定式to feel tense是真正主语，此处为形式主语，故用it。4I would appreciate _if you could teach me how to use the computer.答案it句意：如果你能教我如何使用电脑，我将不胜感激。appreciate, like, hate等词后加it，再加从句。if引导的从句为真正的宾语，此处it为形式宾语。5New technologies have made _possible to turn out new
43、products faster and at a lower cost.答案it句意：新的技术已经使更快、成本更低地生产新产品成为可能。不定式短语to turn out.在句中是真正的宾语，空格处为形式宾语，故用it。B单句改错1Whos that at the door?He is the milkman._答案HeIt此处表示身份不明的人，故用it。2An average of just 18.75 cm of rain fell last year, making the driest year since California became a state in 1850._答案mak
44、ing后加it根据分析，making后面缺宾语，指代前面last year，故用it。3Wherever he is, he makes a rule to give his mother a call every day._答案make后加it根据语境可知此处缺宾语，而to give his mother a call every day是真正的宾语，此处为形式宾语，故用it。4I hate when someone makes a mess of my learning materials on my desk._答案在hate后加ithate/dislike/appreciate等动词后
45、先加it作形式宾语再加从句，故用it。5Susan made that clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself._答案第一个thatit根据分析句子成分，that从句为真正的宾语，此处为形式宾语，故用it。考点三人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词及疑问代词的用法基础点1人称代词数、格人称单数复数主格宾格主格宾格第一人称Imeweus第二人称youyouyouyou第三人称hehimtheythemsheherititShes my classmate.她是我的同学。You can call us today.你可
46、以今天给我们打电话。特别提醒(1)在电话中常用主格形式代替宾格形式。Is that Mr Li?是李先生吗？Yes, this is he.是的，是他。(2)在It is/was. that/who.强调句型中，若被强调部分作主语，虽然跟在is/was后，也用主格形式。Its I who did it.这件事是我做的。(3)在单独使用时，常用宾格形式。Id like to have a cup of coffee.我想要一杯咖啡。Me,_too.我也是。2物主代词我的你的他的她的它的我们的你们的他们的形容myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshisher
47、sitsoursyourstheirs词性句法功能形容词性物主代词相当于“形容词”定语名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词名词”主语、宾语、表语Is this your book?这是你的书吗？This book is mine and that is yours.这本书是我的，那本是你的。3反身代词第一人称第二人称第三人称单数myselfyourselfhimself, herself, itself复数ourselvesyourselvesthemselves(1)反身代词常在enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce(介绍)等动词后和by, for, to,
48、in, of等介词后作宾语。He is teaching himself English.他在自学英语。He lives by himself in the country.他独自住在乡下。(2)反身代词可以作名词或代词的同位语，加强语气，强调“亲自，本人，亲身”。He himself went to the bank.他自己去了银行。(3)反身代词可以在be, feel, look, seem等系动词后作表语，表示身体或精神状态。Im not myself today.今天我感觉不舒服。I am feeling myself again.我觉得健康如昔。(4)含有反身代词的短语介词反身代词b
49、y oneself 单独地，独自地for oneself 亲自，为自己in oneself 本身，本来动词反身代词devote oneself to致力于dress oneself 自己穿衣enjoy oneself 过得愉快help oneself to 随便吃，随便用hide oneself 把自己藏起来lose oneself 迷路amuse oneself 自娱seat oneself 坐下teach oneself 自学express oneself 表达自己的思想behave oneself 表现得体，有礼貌4指示代词(1)指示代词this(这个)、these(这些)指在时间或空间
50、上较近的人或物；that(那个)、those(那些)指在时间或空间上较远的人或物。指示代词近指、远指单数、复数句法功能this近指单数作主语、宾语、表语、定语that远指单数these近指复数those远指复数This picture was painted by Robert and that one by Bruce.这幅画是罗伯特画的，那幅是布鲁斯画的。(this近指，that远指)I love these books but I dont like those (ones)我喜欢这些书，但不喜欢那些。(these近指，those远指)特别提醒(1)用英语打电话时，this指自己，tha
51、t指别人。(2)刚提到的或已经完成的事情用that，而将要发生或将要提到的事情用this。(2)such的用法指代前面所叙述的人或事物，在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于其后面的名词或代词的单复数。Such are my friends who will never fail to help me when needed.我的朋友们就是这样：永远会在我需要他们时伸出援手。(3)so的用法so起指代作用时，代替一个句子或短语所表达的事情。在believe, think, expect, suppose, imagine等词后用so代替前文提出的观点。既可用于
52、肯定句也可用于否定句。I think/expect/suppose/imagine/believe so.我想如此。I dont think/expect/suppose/imagine/believe so.I think/expect/suppose/imagine/believe not.我想不会这样。用于表示肯定的hope, Im afraid后，代替前文提出的观点。I hope so./I hope not.我希望这样。/我不希望这样。5疑问代词语法功能形式词意主语宾语表语定语可跟of短语指人主格who谁宾格whom谁所有格whose谁的指人/物which哪一个what什么疑问词wh
53、at的习惯搭配What_for 为何目的，为何理由(why)What_if. 要是会怎样呢What/How_about.？怎么样？So_what？那又怎么样？Guess_what？你猜怎么着？重难点one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it作替代词时的区别替代词用法one替代上文单数可数名词，表泛指，同类不同一，相当于“a/an单数名词”。onesone的复数形式。替代上文出现的名词复数，表泛指，同类不同一。the one替代上文出现的可数名词单数，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the单数名词”。the onesthe one的复数形式。替代上文出
54、现的复数名词，表特指(有后置定语时相当于those)，同类不同一。that替代上文出现的单数可数名词或不可数名词，表特指，同类不同一，相当于“the单数可数名词/不可数名词”。一般不和冠词连用，其后总有修饰语。thosethat的复数形式。替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一。it替代上文提到的“同一”事物。不能带任何修饰语。The train was crowded so we decided to catch a later one.这趟火车太挤了，所以我们决定乘坐下一班。His own experience was different from that of
55、 his friends.他自己的体会和朋友们的体会不同。I love the springit is a wonderful time of the year.我喜欢春天这是一年中一段美妙的时节。The books on the desk are better than those/the_ones under the desk.桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。考法综述人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和疑问代词的用法，语篇型语法填空和短文改错中均会涉及到，近五年考查了24次。命题法考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词和疑问代词的用法典例1We must find ways to
56、protect_(us) environment.答案our句意：我们必须找到方法去保护我们的环境。environment是名词，需要用形容词性物主代词。典例2Those who smoke heavily should remind them of health, the bad smell and the feelings of other people._答案themthemselves根据语境可知，此处表示“提醒他们自己”，故用themselves。【解题法】人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词及疑问代词的必备知识和一般解题思路(1)首先要了解各代词的基本用法，解题时要理清行文逻辑和
57、句子成分。(2)在语法填空中，考查代词时一般不给提示词，观察空格前后的词，确定用哪一类代词。若空格后是句子的谓语动词，要填的词应考虑人称代词主格；若是名词或相当于名词的词，则要填一个形容词性物主代词，用作定语。若空格前是动词，要填的词应考虑人称代词宾格、反身代词、名词性物主代词。(3)在短文改错中，注意人称代词的主格和宾格的混用或指代不一致，或替代词的混用。A单句填空1Now it occurred to_(he) that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.答案himit o
58、ccurred to sb. that.意为“某人突然想起”。to为介词，后应用人称代词的宾格，故填him。2Imagine you are a student and you share a flat with another student who you think isnt doing her share of the housework. If you say, “Look, you never do your share of the housework. _ are you going to do about it？”， the discussion will very soon
59、 turn into an argument.答案What分析句子结构可知，空处在句中表示疑问，而且作do的宾语，故用what。语境为：想像一下你是一位学生，与另一位不做家务的同学同住一所公寓。然后提出质问。3They reached the top successfully, but on _ way back conditions were very difficult.答案their/the句意：他们成功登顶，但是在返程的路上却困难重重。名词前需限定词，根据句意可知，此处填形容词性物主代词their与主语保持一致。也可填定冠词the。4When parents bring home a
60、pet, their child gladly bathes _ and brushes its fur.答案it句意：当父母把一个宠物带回家时，他们的孩子高兴地给它洗澡并刷毛。根据句意可知，it指代上文中的a pet。B单句改错1The quality of education in this small school is better than it in some larger schools._答案itthat替代前面的the quality of education，但不是同一个，故用that。2The fruits are small in size, but juicy and
61、 tasty. There are so many that we often share it with our neighbors._答案itthem此处指代的是fruits，故用them。3I looked down at this tiny girl and promised myself that somehow I would help him._答案himher此处指代的是this tiny girl，故用her。4He is thought to have acted foolishly. Now he has no one but him to blame for losin
62、g the job._答案himhimself根据句意可知，but的宾语与主语是同一个人，故用himself。易错题一：人称代词、反身代词的误用例1Dont blame others! Its _ who broke the window by accident while I was practicing volleyball.错解me错因分析由于平时受“Who are you? Its me.”的影响，考生在此处容易误用me，认为此处需要用代词宾格作表语。答案I心得体会例2Think ahead. The third part is that ants think summer all w
63、inter. During the winter, they remind _，“This wont last long; well soon be out of here.”错解us错因分析考生易忽略全文的语境，受下文we的影响，因此误用us。答案themselves心得体会易错题二：由于对it的用法掌握不牢而犯错例1You can depend on _ that I will do what I can to help you with your English.错解me错因分析考生可能不熟悉it作形式宾语的用法，碰到这样的题目不知道该填什么词。此题考查it作形式宾语的用法。此处it代替
64、真正的宾语“that I will do what I can to help you with your English”。句意：你尽可以放心，我会尽力帮助你学英语的。答案it心得体会例2He liked sitting beside a window when he was flying, so when he got onto the plane, he looked for a window seat. He found all of them already taken except one. There was a soldier sitting in the seat beside _.错解him错因分析考生看到这样的题目，很可能不分析句子结构就匆忙答题，仅根据本空所在句的“a soldier”而误填him。答案it心得体会
