1、导 学 案 装 订 线Book3 Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars语言运用导学案使用说明与学法指导1. 自主学习： （课前）理解、记忆和提炼重要单词、短语和重点句式的用法。不明白的地方，用红笔标出, 准备质疑讨论。2. 课后训练: 通过练习加强巩固所学知识。学习目标 自主学习，合作探究；学会在适当语境和情景下正确使用本单元的列出的知识点。【自主学习】Task I: Put the following words and phrases into Chinese:单词：1. 系统 n. _ 2. 理论 n _3. 猛烈的; 激烈的 _ 4. 不
2、像不同于 prep _5. 有害的 adj. _ 6. 存在 vi _7. 使困惑 vt _词组：8. 及时; 终于_ 9. 下蛋 _10. 产生; 分娩_ 11. 轮到某人 _12. 阻止; 制止_ 13. 感到高兴; 感到振奋 _14. 既然 _ 15. 突发; 爆发_16. 密切注意; 当心; 提防Task II : Structure analysis:1. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earths
3、atmosphere.(P25-10)译文：_。2. They multiplied and filled the oceans with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish.(P26-30)译文：_。 解析：以上两句的Which 引导的是_(限制性/非限制性) 定语从句。练习：1）李明迟到了，这使张先生生气。Li Ming was late, _.2) 他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这使得地球上的热不能释放到太空中去。They are puttin
4、g too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, _.*in time: 1) 及时；2) sooner or later迟早例句： Youll learn how to do it in time. 你_能学会做这件事。我赶得上那趟火车吗？ Will I be _ the train? 常用：in time (for sth./to do sth.): not late与time相关的短语:in no time _for the time being _from time to time _at times _at a time _at one t
5、ime _once upon a time _on time _3. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.(P26-18)译文：水会对于生命的发展起关键作用,这一点在当时并不太明显.解析：It is/was obvious/clear that.很明显It引导的类似句型：It是形式主语, 真正的主语是that从句 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is natural that _ It is strange that _It
6、seems that _It is reported that_It is said that _ 4. This produced , which made it possible for life to develop. (P26-25)* make + it + adj./n. + (for sb) to do 或O.-clause操练：1. 我已养成凡事从容不迫的习惯。Ive made _ a rule _.2. 我们必须让每个学生清楚英语是非常有用的。We must make _ clear to every student _ English is _ great use.5. T
7、his disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. (P26-42)它(指恐龙)的灭绝使地球上哺乳动物的产生有了可能.* make + sb./sth. (O.) + adj./n.(O.C.)这句为使句子结构保持平衡，将较长的宾语（名词短语）移置补足语之后.望远镜使人们能够观察遥远的星球。 The telescope _ the _ of the far-off starsTask III : 理解课文一些单词的词性变化及重点词组的用法。词性互换：solar (adj.) _ sun_ (n)religion (
8、 n ) _(adj.)globe ( n) _ (adj.)violent (adj.) _ (n)present (adj.) _ (n)react ( v ) _( n)练习：1. Some students were doing a_ (biology) experiment in the lab with the help of the teacher.2. What made her surprised was that her parents _ (react) to the news was very calm.3. After a long journey, the coup
9、le returned home, safe but_ (exhaust).4. _ (globe) warming will bring changes to the weather patterns of the whole world.5. Was he at the meeting yesterday? I didnt notice his _ (present).6. With the development of the science and technology, people can use _ (sun) energy to do many things.Task IV：I
10、mportant words and expressions1. fundamental 基础的，基本的，根本的，重要的 (P26-20)be fundamental to . 对 . 是必要的(不可缺的)必须苦干才能成功. Hard work _ success.新鲜空气对于身体健康是必不可_.2.They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, (26-30) multiply v.- reproduce in large numbers1)It is possible _these bacteria in the la
11、boratory. 2) 6 _(multiply) by 3 _ .(be) 183. They produced young generally by laying eggs. （P26-39)lie 说谎，躺着 lay 放置; 下（蛋）它们一般是通过孵蛋而繁衍后代的. 用lie或lay的正确形式填空：1）Crocodiles produce young generally by_ eggs.2) Guangdong_ in the south of China while Beijing in the north.3) He_ about his reasons for being la
12、te.4) Please help me _the table. Supper is to be ready.5) Its wonderful_ on the beach all day.4. They _ eggs too and _ on the earth for more than 140 million years.(P26-40)exist vi. to be, to be real存在; to live生存 (不能用于进行时态)英语中没有这个字。 That word _ in English. 她只靠牛奶生存。 She _ only _ milk.The elephant is
13、the largest animal in _.This is the only _ copy of his last poem*in existence _ *come into existence _.5. _, they have, _, become the most important animals on the planet.(P26-46) 翻译：_。thus adv.- with this result, hence There has been no rain. _, the crops are likely to suffer. in ones turn 轮流,一个接着一
14、个既然我已经买了蔬菜，就该由Tom 来做菜了。Now that I have finished buying, Tom should _.拓展in turn 依次turn around _turn up _turn down _turn off _turn on _用上面的词组填空：1）The help we give to others will _ give ourselves pleasure.2) He tried to join the army but he _ because of poor health.3) My boss_ - I hope he isnt ill.6. ,
15、 which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.prevent.from . 阻止，制止；妨碍 (P26-48) 我们必须采取措施防止河流受到污染。 We must do something to _.我们能做什么来防止这场事故的发生呢？What can we do_? prevent sb. (from) doing sth. = stop sb. (from) doing sth. = keep sb. from doing sth.我试图叫他不要再等她了。 I tried _her. 我试图让他等她。 I trie
16、d to_ her.在被动语态中, 这三个句型中的from都不可省。 Can earthquake be prevented/stopped/kept _(happen)?Task V: 【合作探究】 A. 语法小测， 选择适当的连词填空。1. It is not yet clear _ the local government will do to solve the housing problem.2. _ the meeting will be put off is certain now.3. _ children see and learn from people around th
17、em can help them understand how the world works.4. Tom is said to go abroad for further study. However, _ he will set off hasnt been clear.5. _ bus we should take is still a question.6._ the sun in the morning looks bigger than the sun at noon is an interesting topic.B. 翻译：1. 在那些日子里， 你要是不加提防就很容易受骗。I
18、n those days, you would be easily cheated if you dont _ _.2. 突如其来的大火把我们吓得要死，幸好被扑灭了，没有造成很大的损失。We were scared to death when the fire _ _ fortunately, it was put out before it caused much damage.3. 振作起来！事情并不像你想象得那么坏的，你不定还有机会。_ _! Things wont be as bad as you think. There certainly will bechances for you.4. 不幸的是，我们被糟糕的天气所阻挡不能完成这个工程。Unfortunately, we _ _ _ _ the project on time by the terrible weather.Task VI: 反思: _