1、规范练(三十一) .阅读理解AThe UN weather agency warned on Tuesday there was a good chance of an “El Nino” climate phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean this year， bringing droughts and heavy rainfall to the rest of the world. “If an El Nino event develops， it will influence temperatures and rainfall and contribute t
2、o droughts or heavy rainfall in different regions of the world，” Michel Jarraud， WMO(世界气象组织) chief， said in a statement.El Nino phenomenon occurs every two to seven years， when the prevailing trade winds that circulate surface water in the tropical Pacific start to weaken. WMO pointed out on Tuesday
3、 that since February， trade winds had weakened and there had been significant warming of the waters below the surface in the central Pacific. “While there is no guarantee that this situation will lead to an El Nino event， the longer the trade winds remain weakened， and subsurface temperatures stay s
4、ignificantly warmer than average， the higher the likelihood is，” it said.Two thirds of climate models predicted that the phenomenon would begin sometime between June and August， with a few suggesting it could start as early as May， and the remainder predicting no El Nino this year.El Nino is often f
5、ollowed by a return swing of the pendulum (钟摆) with La Nina， which is characterized by unusually low ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific. Scientists， who closely monitor the two climate patterns， say that while they are not caused by climate change， rising ocean te
6、mperatures caused by global warming may affect their intensity and frequency. “El Nino has an important warming effect on global average temperatures，” Jarraud warned， stressing that combined with humaninduced warming from greenhouse gases， such events had “the potential to cause a dramatic rise in
7、global mean temperature”.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。联合国气象机构周二提醒，今年太平洋很有可能会出现厄尔尼诺现象，这将给世界其他地区带来干旱和暴雨天气。1.The El Nino phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean this year may _.A.result in heavy snow in most of the worldB.cause droughts and heavy rain in the rest of the worldC.lead to strong wind in some areasD.bring high temp
8、eratures in some areas解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.an El Nino climate phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean this year，bringing droughts and heavy rainfall to the rest of the world”可知，今年太平洋很有可能会出现厄尔尼诺现象，这将给世界其他地区带来干旱和暴雨天气。故选B。答案：B2.What can we learn from the third paragraph？A.Most climate models predicted the El Nino
9、 phenomenon would begin in the first half of this year.B.None of the climate models predicted the El Nino phenomenon would begin in the latter half of this year.C.Most climate models predicted the El Nino phenomenon would begin in the latter half of this year.D.Few climate models predicted the El Ni
10、no phenomenon would begin in the latter half of this year.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Two thirds of climate models predicted that the phenomenon would begin sometime between June and August”可知，三分之二的气候模型预测厄尔尼诺现象将出现在七月和八月之间，即将会出现在下半年。答案：C3.What is La Ninas character？A.Ocean surface temperatures are the same as b
11、efore in the eastern tropical Pacific.B.Ocean surface temperatures are the same as before in the central tropical Pacific.C.Ocean surface temperatures are lower than normal in the central and eastern tropical Pacific.D.Ocean surface temperatures are higher than normal in the central and eastern trop
12、ical Pacific.解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“La Nina，which is characterized by unusually low ocean surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific”可知，拉尼娜现象的特点是热带太平洋中部和东部表面温度异常低。答案：C4.Whats the main idea of the passage？A.“El Nino” that will occur this year and its effect.B.The characteristics of “E
13、l Nino”.C.The areas influenced by “El Nino”.D.The climate of the Pacific Ocean.解析：主旨大意题。文章的首句是本文的主旨句，今年太平洋很有可能会出现厄尔尼诺现象，这将给世界其他地区带来干旱和暴雨天气。结合全文可知本文主要说明了厄尔尼诺现象以及它带来的影响。答案：ABWhenever anyone measures educational success， East Asian countries are always top scorers. But in a recent league table， a Europ
14、ean country， Finland， was top of the class. South Korea was still in second place， though. Britain was at number 6.In Korea the school day is longtypically 7 or 8 hours， followed by hours of private tuition in the evenings. All_this_hothousing leaves Korean students so tired that they sometimes fall
15、 asleep in class next day. Worries about the effects of late night cramming(填鸭式的用功) lead the government to force cramming schools to close by 10 pm. Finnish children spend the least time in class in the developed world， classes often finishing just after lunch， with about one hour of homework a day.
16、 Private tuition is uncommon. The British and American school day is quite long in comparison， around 6 hours， and secondary school students do 2 or 3 hours of selfstudy a night.The Korean education system， like many in Asia， is intensely competitive， with students even competing to go into the best
17、 cramming schools， to help them get ahead. Finnish education is far less cutthroat. Classes are all mixed ability， and there are no league tables. British schools again occupy the middle ground， with quite high levels of competition for places at university， and schools and universities battling to
18、go to the top of league tables for everything from exam results to student satisfaction. Korea and Finland both do well， yet their education systems are so different.However， there are some similarities in Korea and Finland. In those countries， teachers have high status in society， and education is
19、very highly valued. Those attitudes cant change quickly. But they can be done. They might be the star students now， but until the 1970s， Finlands educational system was poor. Finlands thoroughly different approach to schooling has taken it to the top in just a generation.语篇解读文章主要介绍芬兰和韩国教育成功的原因。5.The
20、 students spend the least time in school in _.A.the UKB.FinlandC.the USA D.Korea解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句中的“Finnish children spend the least time in class in the developed world，classes often finishing just after lunch”可知，B项正确。答案：B6.The underlined part “All this hothousing” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to
21、 “_”.A.private evening tuitionB.selfstudy at homeC.longhour studyD.school study解析：词义猜测题。根据画线部分的前一句和画线部分所在句中的“leaves Korean students so tired”可知，画线部分指的是长时间的学习。故C项正确。答案：C7.From Paragraph 3， we can know that _.A.Finnish students are less stressed in studyB.therere also many cramming schools in BritainC
22、.students in Korea are the most competitive in AsiaD.British secondary schools are less competitive than universities解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“Finnish education is far less cutthroat”可知，芬兰学生的学习压力较小。cutthroat表示“竞争激烈的”。答案：A8.According to the author， the key to improving education is _.A.the attitudeB.the sch
23、ooling timeC.star studentsD.the new teaching approach解析：推理判断题。最后一段讲的是韩国和芬兰的教育的相似之处。他们对教育的态度不会很快改变，但是可能会改变。20世纪70年代以前，芬兰的教育还是很落后的，但现在已经非常优秀了。芬兰对教育所采取的不同的态度让它仅仅用了一代人的时间就到达了顶级的位置。由此可推知改善教育的关键是态度。答案：A.阅读填句Go Ahead， Sing It Anywhere！Youve probably sung “Happy Birthday to You” at a lot of birthday parties
24、. Its considered the bestknown song in the English language. _1_Thats because musicpublishing company Warner Music claimed to own the copyright on the song. The company charged $1，500 or more each time the song was sung in a movie or on a TV show. But on September 22， U.S. District Court Judge Georg
25、e H. King ruled that Warners copyright is not valid. This means no one， including Warner， can charge fees for its use. _2_Two sisters from Louisville， kindergarten teacher Patty Hill and her sister Mildredare considered to have written the melody used in “Happy Birthday to You”. _3_ They wrote it in
26、 the late 1880s. The Clayton F.Summy Company first published it in a songbook in 1893. Birthdaythemed lyrics began to accompany the melody in the early 1900s. No one knows who wrote them. In 1935， the Summy Company registered the copyright for “Happy Birthday to You”. _4_ Since then， Warner has earn
27、ed about $2 million a year for the songs use in movies and on TV._5_ Last month， Judge King ruled in her favor. He said that although the Summy Company had published the original version of “Good Morning to All”， it had never had the rights to the birthday lyrics and therefore could not have sold th
28、em. So， unless someone else claims ownership of the song or Warner appeals， people will now be able to sing and use “Happy Birthday to You” wherever and whenever theyd like.A.Warner purchased that copyright in 1988.B.But their song was called “Good Morning to All”.C.Warner charged fees for singing t
29、he song at public birthday parties.D.But until last month， anyone who sang it in public risked having to pay a fine.E.The company may even have to return some of the money it has collected for use of the song.F.If you sang “Happy Birthday to You” at a private family party at home， that would never v
30、iolate the copyright.G.Two years ago， Warner charged filmmaker Jennifer Nelson $1，500 to use the song in a documentary movie she was making.语篇解读本文为夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了歌曲祝你生日快乐的历史并论述了华纳公司曾经购买了版权并收取了版费，为什么现在人们使用这首歌却不用支付费用了。1.解析：根据第二段第一句Thats because. own the copyright on the song.可知D项符合此处语境。答案：D2.解析：此处前一句This
31、means no one，including Warner，can charge fees for its use.意为“这意味着没有人(包括华纳公司)可以收取它的使用费了”，与E项的“华纳公司可能还需退还部分款项”意思是一致的，故E项符合语境。答案：E3.解析：根据上下文语境可知B项符合上下文，起到承上启下的作用。答案：B4.解析：根据空后一句Since then. in movies and on TV.可知A项符合题意。答案：A5.解析：G项关键词Jennifer Nelson、she与空后的关键词her呼应，故G项正确。答案：G.语法填空The conservation charity
32、 World Wildlife Fund (WWF) has warned that climate change is threatening the 1._(exist) of the snow leopard in the Himalayas. Its Snow Leopard Programme says 2._(rise) temperatures are shrinking(收缩) the habitat of the big cat to the point where snow leopards could become extinct. In a new report， th
33、e charity says that up to a 3._(three) of the mountainous areas 4._ the leopards live could become uninhabitable. Much of the habitat the animals need 5._(survive) could disappear in warmer temperatures.It isnt just climate change that is posing a serious threat 6._ the future of the snow leopard. A
34、 variety of activities from humans is also adding to the dangers the animals face. Snow leopards 7._(hunt) for their fur and body parts. More and more poachers are joining this illegal trade and are killing the animals. The leopards are also being killed by farmers 8._ are trying to protect their li
35、vestock. As the 9._(nature) prey of the snow leopards is decreasing， the animals are venturing(冒险) into areas 10._(inhabit) by humans and killing farm animals. The result is that the farmers shoot the leopards. The WWF released its report on Friday， which was the first International Snow Leopard Day
36、.语篇解读这是一篇说明文，由于自然环境的破坏，雪豹的栖息地和数量在不断减少，本文分析了雪豹减少的原因。1.解析：考查名词。此处是说气候的变化威胁到雪豹的生存，结合空前面的冠词the，可知此空填其名词形式。答案：existence2.解析：考查动名词的用法。此处构成宾语从句的主语，根据语境应用动名词短语作主语。答案：rising3.解析：考查分数表达法。a third表示“三分之一”，故把基数词改写成序数词，得出答案。答案：third4.解析：考查关系副词的用法。where the leopards live是定语从句，修饰先行词the mountainous areas，定语从句中缺少地点状语
37、，故用关系副词where引导。答案：where5.解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。此处是不定式作目的状语。答案：to survive6.解析：考查介词的用法。threat to sth.表示“形成威胁的事物”。答案：to7.解析：考查动词的时态和语态。根据上下文可知此处应用一般现在时，主语与hunt之间是被动关系，故用被动语态。答案：are hunted8.解析：考查关系代词的用法。此处who/that are trying to protect their livestock是定语从句，修饰先行词farmers，关系词在从句中作主语且指人，故用关系代词who/that引导。答案：who/that9.解析：考查形容词的用法。此处natural prey of the snow leopards表示“雪豹的自然界的猎物”，prey是名词，故用形容词修饰。答案：natural10.解析：考查非谓语动词的用法。inhabited by humans是后置定语，修饰名词areas，areas与inhabit之间是被动关系，故用过去分词形式。答案：inhabited