1、第四讲 词句猜测题“义”有“景”生莫忘记【近 3 年全国卷考情分析】清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力 技法 1 单词或短语含义猜测题巧用线索猜词义 知答题方略 4 种文体(记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文和说明文)所涉及的各种话题的阅读理解均涉及考查猜测单词或短语的含义。除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中常有一些单词或短语为生僻词，但又没有附加注释，也需要猜测词义才能理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种间接命题形式。明命题方式 What does the word/phrase“_”in Paragraph 1 refer to/mean？What does the underlined word/phrase
2、“_”in Paragraph 2 probably mean/refer to？1.利用逻辑关系猜测词义 经典感悟 【典例 1】2021新高考卷C 片段When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America,the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.Unfortu
3、nately,it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.Millions of waterfowl(水禽)were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen.Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the eve
4、rincreasing populations,greatly reducing waterfowl habitat(栖息地)29What does the underlined word“decimate”mean in the first paragraph?A Acquire.BExport.CDestroy.DDistribute.解析：词义猜测题。依据画线词所在句中的 unfortunately 可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折，上文讲到了探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃。美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源，因此画线词所在句应讲述这些
5、资源受到的破坏探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部分资源破坏。自主解答：_,答题微点 阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的，根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。图解技巧 2.利用语法关系猜测词义 经典感悟【典例 2】2021全国甲卷阅读 CSouthbank,at an eastern bend in the Thames,is the center of British skateboarding,where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing
6、.I loved it.I soon made friends with the local skaters.We spoke our own language.And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.It meant hello.It meant dont worry about it.Once,when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones,damaging a nerve in my hand,and Toby came over,helping me up:Safe,
7、man.Safe.A few minutes later,when I landed the trick,my friends beat their boards loud,shouting:“Safe!_Safe!_Safe！”And thats what matteredlanding tricks,being a good skater.29What do the underlined words“Safe!Safe!Safe！”probably mean?ABe careful!BWell done!CNo way!DDont worry!解析：利用同等关系猜词词义。根据画线词后文的解
8、释说明“And thats what matteredlanding tricks,being a good skater.(那才是真正重要的滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的 Safe 是赞美的含义。自主解答：_,答题微点 在做阅读理解题目时，考生利用语法关系(下定义；同位语；同位语从句；举例；标点符号)是猜测词义的快速有效的方法之一。图解技巧 听课记录 3.构词法助力词义猜测 经典感悟【典例 3】2020新高考卷阅读 BThe end of the school year was in sight and sp
9、irits were high.I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years,dealing with the various kinds of“forbidden fruit”that come out of book bags.Now was the spring of the water pistol(手枪)I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit.My imaginary Grandmas Box worked like magic that spri
10、ng,and later.Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it.Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken awaysince I seldom actually kept them.Usually the_offender would appear at the end of the day,and I would return the belonging.25What do t
11、he underlined words“the offender”in Paragraph 8 refer to?AThe students parent.BThe maker of the Grandma Box.CThe authors grandchild.DThe owner of the forbidden fruit.解析：词义猜测题 根据构词法，“er”为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示做某事的人或物；“offend”为动词，意思为违反、冒犯。故“offender”有犯规者、违反者的含义。结合前文中出现的“forbidden fruit”，以及后文提到“return the belo
12、nging”，可推断犯规者指的是拥有前述 forbidden fruit 的人。自主解答：_,答题微点 构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。图解技巧 听课记录 4.上下文语境助力词义猜测 经典感悟 【典例 4】2022全国乙卷阅读 CThat includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety.It is c
13、alculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintenance staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews efforts.29What does“main
14、tenance”underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?APersonnel safety.BAssistance from drones.CInspection and repair.DConstruction of infrastructure.解析：词义猜测题。利用上下文语境猜测词义。根据本段第二句 It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance,including sending maintena
15、nce staff,often at night,to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.可知 maintenance 是“维护，保养”的意思，选项 Inspection and repair与句中的 inspect and repair 对应。自主解答：_,答题微点 有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。图解技巧 听课记录 技法 2 代词猜测题“就近原则”找指代 经典感悟【典例 5】2020新高考卷阅读 CIn the mid1990s,T
16、om Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit,however,ended up involving a l
17、ot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and
18、 of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24yearold who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers.9What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 2 refer to?ADeveloping a serious mental disease.BTa
19、king a guided tour in Central Asia.CWorking as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.DWriting an article about the Aral Sea.解析：就近原则找指代。画线词在第二段首句，that 用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断 that 指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句可知，他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，由此可推断出 that 指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，意思是指写一篇文章已远不能包含他所见所闻的所有内容。自主解答：_ 答题微点 1.设题特点：代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作
20、转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。2设问方式：What does the underlined word“this/it/them/which.”refer to?The underlined part“it/that/they/which.”in Paragraph.refers to _ 图解技巧“就近原则”找指代 技法 3 句意猜测题“意义吻合”推句意 经典感悟【典例 5】2022新高考卷阅读 BWe journalists live in a new age of storytelling，with many n
21、ew multimedia tools.Many young people dont even realize its new.For them，its just normal.This hit_home_for_me as I was sitting with my 2yearold grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday.I had brought a childrens book to read.It had simple words and colorful picturesa perfect match for his
22、age.24What do the underlined words“hit home for me”mean in Paragraph 2?AProvided shelter for me.BBecame very clear to me.CTook the pressure off me.DWorked quite well on me.解析：句义猜测题。根据第一段内容以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2yearold grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的
23、新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚地认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。自主解答：_ 答题微点 1.设题特点：句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。2设问方式：What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph.mean?Which of the following best explains the underlined
24、 sentence in Paragraph.?图解技巧“意义吻合”推句意 练重点练难点创新应用体验 A 2022江苏省高考考前打靶卷Its difficult to be part of the team that created the most memorable ad in the latest Super Bowland its harder still to do so as part of a brand thats taking the lead in a new technology revolution.But Jessica Williams,director of br
25、and and partnerships at cryptocurrency platform Coinbase(比特币),made it.With a degree in psychology,Williams initially intended to pursue a career working with troubled kids or as a prison psychologist.But at the end of her graduate schooling,she fell in love with technology and data marketing analyti
26、cs,which carried her through datacentric roles at Yahoo,agencies like W2O Group and eventually Visa,where she spent more than seven years and grew into the role of senior director of global brand marketing.But after working for these established companies,Williams sought a new challengeand found Coi
27、nbase.“I jumped ship to go market with a whole new category,to build a new brand and inspire trust,security and excitement，”she said.Williams pointed out that Coinbases marketing strategy is similar to her work at Visa,but with a key differenceone reflected in the brands Super Bowl 56 ad,which showe
28、d a simple QR code bouncing like a screen saver on a black background.“Coinbase is willing to take risks on the marketing side,as you can see from the Super Bowl ad，”she said.“There isnt the same desire to stay within the lines.”The_move paid off:The brand received 20 million site visits within the
29、first minute after the ad aired.Taking risks like that while maintaining a strong,trustworthy foundation requires a critical balance.Williams sees endless potential for marketers to make an impact on cryptocurrency in the future.“Theres still a lot of opportunity in this space because the consumer e
30、xperience is not great yet，”she said.“The fundamentals of marketing can help build trust and awareness.”1What do we know about Williams from the first two paragraphs?AShe created the latest Super Bowl.BShe worked as a prison psychologist.CShe served in W2O for seven years.DShe was keen on data marke
31、ting analytics.2Why did Williams leave the established companies?AShe was eager to create new ground.BShe wished for trust and secure work.CShe found no difficult tasks to perform.DShe was tired of the famous companies.3What does the underlined phrase“the move”in Paragraph 5 refer to?ABuilding a new
32、 brand.BAdvertising in the Super Bowl.CStaying within the lines.DThe creative QR code advertising.4What does the story of Williams tell us?AGreatness comes from taking risks.BJumping ship is never a bad choice.CBuilding trust and awareness earns you a fortune.D.Deep insight and innovation spirit res
33、ult in success.B 2022 南 京 市 考 前 训 练 题(二)Do clich(陈 词 滥 调)work sayings have_you_rolling_your_eyes?Youre not alone.Almost half of Americans have a colleague difficult to work withdue to their communication habits.A survey of 2，000 remote workers revealed these feelings might result from their coworker
34、s use of workplace jargon(行话)they dislike,like“give it 100 percent，”“think outside the box，”and“team player”ranking in the top 10 most overused phrases.Two thirds of workers surveyed also think its displeasing.Its found that even though respondents dislike when others use jargon,they catch themselve
35、s doing it too.Besides workplace jargon,the results found the level of formality can also have a huge impact.It turns out 70%of remote workers actually encourage others to use slang(俚语)and abbreviations(缩略语).Thats how respondents say they prefer to communicate,too.“Informal messages have made work f
36、eel more flexible and help them work more efficiently and productively.There should be little doubt that informal communication has evolved to become a mainstay of positive,inclusive and efficient workplace culture，”says Ali Rayl,senior vice president of product at Slack.“Informal communication thro
37、ugh modern cooperation platforms brings informative discussions between senior leadership and their employees and makes work more fun,allowing employees to express themselves and create a more welcoming work environment.”The desire for informal communication has been especially true during the COVID
38、19.“In this new world of working where teams are distributed,its important to be thoughtful and intentional in how we choose to communicate with our coworkers of all backgrounds,locations and ages,to ensure they stay connected and engaged，”Rayl adds.“Most survey respondents hope to continue to use i
39、nformal work messages instead of workplace jargon.Going forward,we all need to consider which communication styles may be more effective with various coworkers.Being mindful of how we communicate,you can help build a productive and connected workplace.This is why we have created tools to allow for v
40、arious textbased communication.”5The underlined phrase“have you rolling your eyes”means“_”Aleave you reflecting Bmake you astonished Carouse your dislike Dinspire your communication 6What can we learn from Paragraph 2?AThose who hate workplace jargon sometimes use it too.BCreative thinking and teamw
41、ork are not welcome nowadays.CWorkers prefer formal communication to jargon at workplace.DMost workers welcome using slang and abbreviation after work.7Whats Ali Rayls attitude towards informal messages?ADoubtful.BCritical.CConservative.DFavorable.8What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?ACommunication styles affect productivity.BInformal communication counts in COVID19.C.Workers of diverse backgrounds cooperate best.DNew tools need to be developed for communication.
