1、贵州正安县2017高考英语阅读理解一轮课外自练及参考答案阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。(2013哈尔滨市质检，C)Your name made you do it, though unconsciously, suggests new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less. Psychologists at Yale and the University of California, San Diego studying the unconscious in
2、fluence of names say a preference for our own names and initialsthe “nameletter effect”can have some negative consequences.Students whose names begin with C or D get lower grades than those whose names begin with A or B; major league baseball players whose first or last names began with K are signif
3、icantly more likely to strike out.Assistant professors Leif Nelson of UCSD and Joseph Simmons of Yale have conducted five studies over five years using information from thousands of individuals.“The conscious process is that baseball players want to get a hit and students want to get As，” Nelson say
4、s. “So if you get a change in performance in agreement with the nameletter effect, it clearly shows there must be some unconscious desire operating in the other direction.”The researchers work supports a series of studies published since 2002 that have found the “nameletter effect” causes people to
5、make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own. Those studies by Brett Pelham, an associate professor at SUNY University, have found that people are disproportionately (不定比例地) likely to live in states or cities resembling their names, have careers that resemble their names and even ma
6、rry those whose surnames begin with the same letter as their own.The twist, says, is that he has believed the nameletter effect would apply only to positive outcomes. Nelson and Simmons, he says, are “showing it applies more so to negative things than positive things.”The researchers say the effect
7、is definitely more of a coincidence (巧合) than a fact. “I know plenty of Chrises and Davids who have done very well in school，” Pelham says.文章大意：本文为一篇议论文。加州和耶鲁大学的心理学家通过研究发现，名字与成功之间存在着“姓名字母效应”，而对此结果，有些研究人员则表示否定，认为这不过是巧合而已。1The new research is mainly about the relationship between ones _.Aname and unco
8、nsciousnessBname and characteristicsCname and successDsports and school achievements答案：C细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句“. new research that finds your name can negatively make you achieve less.”可知，这项研究发现，尽管是无意识的，但你的名字会对你的成功有一些消极影响。因此可推断出，这项研究主要是研究姓名与成功之间的关系。故答案选C。2Who may serve as an example to show the “namelette
9、r effect”？AMiss Smith working as a lawyer.BMr. Watt living in Washington.CCharles Brown married to Sue Rogers.DPaula Snow fond of the color white.答案：B推理判断题。根据第五段第一句中的“. nameletter effect causes people to make life choices based on names that resemble (类似) their own”可知，“姓名字母效应”使得人们选择与自己姓名字母相似的城市去生活。因
10、此B项“Mr. Watt living Washington”是个很好的例子，因为他的名字的开头字母与城市的开头字母是“W”。故答案选B。3The last paragraph mainly tells us that the “nameletter effect” _.Aisnt believed in by many peopleBdoesnt work with certain namesCdoes not really existDis often too little to show答案：D推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，Pelham认为这项研究的结果纯属巧合，据他所知，很多以
11、C或D为开头字母姓名的人成绩就很好。因此，他认为这种“姓名字母效应”的研究结果没什么作用。故答案选D。阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。【2014高考训练】A A letter of reply is sometimes a most treasured thing Here is a story that tells about this common and natural human sentiment The busiest woman in Labrador during one bitter cold Christmas not very lon
12、g ago, was an Australian nurse by the naI11e of Kate Austen But Nurse Austen was not too busy to acknowledge with a long, friendly letter every gift of food or clothing received for distribution to the natives in that cold and poor district of the north Among the gifts was a box of knittings for chi
13、ldren, knitted（编织）and sent by a woman in Toronto Nurse Austen was busy, exhausted and not feeling too well that winterShe could have written just ordinary routine notes of acknowledgement But that was not her way She sat down and wrote the woman in Toronto a real letter telling all about the village
14、, and the names of the children who were wearing the knitted gloves and caps, and what they said -when they got them, and how they looked when they wore themShe wanted the woman who had knitted and sent all those lovely knittings to see how much happiness and warmth she had created Not long after, s
15、he received the following answer from CanadaDear Miss Austen: Your letter made me happy I did not expect such a full return I am eighty years old, and I am blind There is little I can do except knit, and that is why I knit so many caps and sweaters and scarvesOf course I cannot write this, so my dau
16、ghter-in-law is doing it for meShe also sewed the seams and made the buttonholes for the knitted things I know something of the work you are doing At the age of nineteen I married a man who was going to China to be a missionary(传教士） For forty years, with an occasional year at home in America, we Wor
17、ked in China, and during that time our two sons and a daughter were born to us, of whom only one son survivesAfter forty years, my husbands health began to fail We returned to the States where he took charge of a settlement house in Brooklyn, New York A surprising number of the problems we faced the
18、re were similar to the problems we had met in ChinaWhen my husband died, I came to Toronto to live with my son and daughter-in-law They are very good to me, and I pride myself that I am little trouble to them, though it is hard for a blind old lady to be sure of anything What I most want to say, my
19、dear, is this For sixty years I have been making up missionary packages of such clothing or food or medicine or books as I could collect In various parts of the world and to various parts of the world I have sent themSometimes I have received a printed note of acknowledgement from the headquarters d
20、epot or mission board, sometimes nothingOccasionally I :have been informed that my contribution was planned for Syria or Armenia or the upper Yangtze But never before in all that time have l had a personal letter picturing the village and telling me who is wearing the clothing and what they saidI di
21、d not suppose that ever in my lifetime I should receive a letter like thatMay God bless youSincerely yours,41The underlined word “sentiment”（in Paragraph l） most probably means“ ”?A view point B gentle feeling C way of thinking D expression of attitude42The underlined sentence “But that was not her
22、way” （in Paragraph 3） implies that A she would not just write an ordinary letter of thanks B she was too busy to write a note of acknowledgement C she was not busy, exhaustec3 0r feeling too well that time D she wrote a letter telling all about the village and the children43Why was Laura so happy wh
23、en she received the letter from Miss Austen? Because A the letter was* from an Australian nurseB she was already eighty years old and blindC she had never received a letter like thatD the letter was not supposed to reach her44Ms Laura N Russell is now living in A China B Australia CCanada Dthe State
24、s45For decades, Ms Laura has been to and sent contributions to people all over the worldAToronto and New York only B Syria and Armenia onceCthe upper Yangtze area alone D many places of the world【参考答案】4145、BACCD 阅读理解。阅读下列短文, 从给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D) 中, 选出最佳选项。“Experience may possibly be the best teacher，bu
25、t it is not a particulary good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words, but they actually come from James March, a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March( possibly the wisest phil
26、osopher of management) has studied how humans think and act，and he continues to do so in his new book The Ambiguities of Experience.He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning ：“Experience is respected；experience is sought；experience is exp
27、lained.”The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及) serious complications (复杂化)，ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book.In one interesting part of the book，for example, he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as
28、 the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting, he argues, we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says“The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented，the less understandable the story，and the more understandable the story，the less realistic it
29、 is.”Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher, March is also a poet, and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short, it is demanding：Dont pick it up looking for quick, easy lessons. Rather, be ready to think deeply about
30、learning from experience in work and life.多年来，人们强调经验型学习。而一位名叫James Mark的却说：经验可能是最好的老师，却不是一个特别好的老师。通过对于经验型学习，本文介绍了James Mark的关于经验的书。13According to the text, James March is _.Aa poet who uses experience in his writingBa teacher who teaches story writing in universityCa researcher who studies the way h
31、umans think and actDa professor who helps organizations make important decisions答案：C。细节判断题。从第一个段落中最后一句话里可以找到信息句，即同选项C所说的一致。14According to James March, experience _.Ais overvalued Bis easy to explainCshould be actively soughtDshould be highly respected答案：A推理判断题。从文章的开头以及文中的字里行间“the problem is.” “turn
32、a doubtful eye on.” 以及“think deeply about experience learning”等可以推测出James 对于经验学习持怀疑态度，认为人们太过于重视经验学习这一方式了。15What can we learn from Paragraph 3?AExperience makes stories more accurate.BStories made interesting fail to fully present the truth.CThe use of stories is the best way of experiential learning
33、.DStories are easier to understand when reality is more accurately described.答案：B。细节判断题。在倒数第二段中，James所说的话中“to make stories more interesting, we lose part of the complicated truth of things”就表明了故事越有趣，就越没有真实感，同选项B所说。16Whats the purpose of this text?ATo introduce a book.BTo describe a researcher.CTo ex
34、plain experiential learning.DTo discuss organizational decision making.答案：A。作者意图判断题。纵观全文，作者一直都在围绕着一本书，在阐述关于本书中的内容以及本书作者的观点等，故选A。 【2014高考训练】Below is an entry taken from an English dictionary46“Be careful not to scratch the furniture most probably means “Be careful not to ” A remove any marks B damage
35、 its surface C make any noises D change its position47The word scratch in Some drawings had been scratched on the back of the door has the same meaning as in“ ”AWe scratched some of the dirt awayBThe cars paintwork is badly scratchedCThe dog; kept scratching at the door to go outDThey scratched line
36、s in the dirt to make marks48“Shehad scratched because of a knee injury might imply that “She couldnt A take part in a race B cancel a prepared activity Cmake a living af6ne D make enough money49When the French girl says I learned German from scratch iii six months she means she Ahad previously well prepared Bwas unsatisfied with her GermanCknew no German before thatDfound few materials available【参考答案】4649、BDAC
