1、上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学紫竹校区2022届高三上学期开学考试英语试题II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
2、blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.What to Say to A Rude PersonRecently, as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself 21. (become) steadily enraged. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a oud conversation, 22. would last an unbel
3、ievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000followers.When the train arrived at its destination, Winston quickly got off for he 23. (have) enough of the womans rudeness. But the press were now waiting for her on the platform.
4、And when they gleefully showed her the lords messages, she used just one word to describe Winstons actions: rude.Winstons tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, 24. (fuel) by social media (and, often, politics). What can we do to fix this?Studies have shown that rudeness
5、 spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing makes it far more likely that we in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, 25. (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way to end a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so. We must have
6、 the guts to call it out, face to face. We must say, Just stop. For Winston, that 26. have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.The rage and injustice we feel at
7、the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous (I rubbed fries on their windshield) to the disturbing (I sabotaged them at work). Winston 27. shine a spotligh
8、t on the womans behavior but from afar, in a way that shamed her.We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way wed defend our best friends. But
9、we can do it with grace, and by handling it 28. a trace of aggression and rudeness. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain 29. 30. this ride of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.Section BDirections: Fill in eac
10、h blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. extended B. tasty C. reserves D. resistant E. pause F. consume G. slows H. supplies L. associated J. properties K. tappingExtreme conditions produce extremely tough plan
11、ts. The big difference between droughttolerant plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants store 31 of water to see them through a drought; others send roots deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these
12、 plants use up their stored water or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term drought tolerant to describe such plants, but they never actually stop needing to 32 water, so Farrant prefers t
13、o call them drought 33 .Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack waterstoring structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents them from 34 groundwater, so they instead developed the abi
14、lity to change their metabolism. When they detect a/an 35 dry period, they change their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress 36 proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first the 37 of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glasslike sta
15、te that is the most stable state that the plant can maintain, Farrant says. That 38 the plants metabolism and protects its driedout tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their remaining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and year
16、s without water, depending on the species.What else can do this dryoutandrevive trick? Seedsalmost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied seeds such as avocados(牛油果) , coffee and lychee(荔枝). Though 39 , such seeds are delicate they cannot bud and grow if they dry out. Most seeds ca
17、n wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout. Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the 40 button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.III. Reading Comprehensions Section ADirections: For each blank in the following pas
18、sage, there are four words or phrases marked A、 B、C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasura
19、ble contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful day, I stood on the porch, dumb, 41 . I guessed vaguely from my mothers signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that someth
20、ing unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost 42 on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just 43 to greet the sweet southern s
21、pring. I did not know what the future held of 44 or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor(倦怠)had 45 this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great
22、 ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet(铅锤) and soundingline(测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happen? I was like that 46 before my education began, only I was without 47 or soundingline, and had no way of knowing how near the 48 was. Light! Give
23、 me light! was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my hand as I would to my mother. Someone 49 it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to 50 all things to me, and more than all t
24、hings else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins Institution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until 51 . When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly
25、spelled into my hand the word doll. I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to 52 it. When I finally succeeded in making the letters correctly I 53 with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I
26、was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkeylike imitation. In the days that followed I learned to spell in this 54 way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks
27、before I understood that everything has a 55 .41. A. hesitantB. reluctantC. expectantD. defendant42. A. consequentlyB. unconsciouslyC. deliberatelyD. simultaneously43. A. come forthB. brought aboutC. left behindD. hidden away44. A. panicB. resultC. positionD. marvel45. A. succeededB. exposedC. inher
28、itedD. demonstrated46. A. fogB. shipC. shoreD. plummet47. A. compassionB. compromiseC. compassD. companion48. A. paradiseB. habitatC. residenceD. harbor49. A. tookB. shookC. clungD. rescued50. A. shareB. devoteC. revealD. celebrate51. A. beforehandB. backwardC. afterwardD. forward52. A. illustrateB.
29、 exhibitC. guessD. imitate53. A. flutteredB. flourishedC. flashedD. flushed54. A. unrealisticB. uncomprehendingC. unsurmountable D. unproductive55. A. titleB. nameC. creditD. roleSection BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statemen
30、ts. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the villages of the English countryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their
31、doors. There simply wasnt any crime to worry about.Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the worlds biggest community. Anew study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative program of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all
32、World Wide Web sites have setup home without fitting locks to their doors.SATAN can try out a variety of wellknown hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made program publicly available, amid much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sit
33、es that are easy to burgle.But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you
34、 visited a Website your browser simply looked at the content. Now the web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wished, do all kinds of nasty things to your computer.At the same time, the
35、Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents, and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information. All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who want to invade weak sites and cause damage.But lets look on the bright side.
36、Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the worlds biggest (almost) crimefree society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isnt much to steal. Or because vandalism(蓄意破坏) isnt much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone.Whatever the reas
37、on, lets enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security to become the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.56. By saying .owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fittin
38、g locks to their doors (Lines 34, Para. 2), the author means that .A. those happy times appear still to be with usB. there simply wasnt any crime to worry aboutC. many sites are not well protectedD. hackers try out tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in57. SATAN, a program designed
39、by Dan Farmer, can be used .A. to investigate the security of Internet sitesB. to improve the security of the Internet systemC. to prevent hackers from breaking into websitesD. to download useful programs and information58. Farmers program has been criticized by the public because .A. it causes dama
40、ge to Net browsersB. it can break into Internet sitesC. it can be used to cause disorder on all sitesD. it can be used by people with evil intent59. The author suggests in the last paragraph that .A. we should make full use of the Internet before security measures are strengthenedB. we should alert
41、the most influential businessmen to the importance of guaranteeing quality of their servicesC. influential businessmen should give priority to the improvement of Net securityD. net inhabitants should not let security measures affect their joy of surfing the Internet(B)The global energy crisis is app
42、roaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take. Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summer energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tuneup for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tuneup of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or repl
43、ace filter monthly or as needed.For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for the ENERGY STAR, the federal governments symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER).Use energy efficient
44、ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.Let a programmable thermostat
45、remember for you to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.Try to make your home airtight enough to
46、increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 percent.Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.Close blinds or shades on southand westfacing windows durin
47、g the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat buildup.Turn off everything not in use: lights. TVs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least twothirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent
48、 bulbs.Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehicle. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than 65 per year.Carpool. The average U. S. co
49、mmuter could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpgassuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.60. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to .A. make rooms quieterB. control room temperatureC. turn off the air conditione
50、rD. reduce room air pollution61. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably discourages .A. planting leafy trees around your homeB. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your houseC. keeping your southfacing windows open during the dayD. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incan
51、descent bulbs62. According to the passage, you can save fuel by .A. using energyefficient ceiling fansB. sharing cars with others on workdaysC. turning off everything not in useD. reducing 10% of your car trips every year(C)Discoveries in science and technology are thought by untaught minds to come
52、in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at the mold(霉) pm a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inve
53、ntions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score. The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goal and so i
54、t goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstra
55、ctions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done. Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovatio
56、ns like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: How come nobody thought of that before?The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to
57、 B, the average person will automatically set out on the bestknown and apparently simplest route. The innovator will search for altemate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals rea
58、lly to march to a different drummer.63. What does the author probably mean by untaught mind in the first paragraph?A. An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.B. A person who has had no education.C. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.D. A person ignorant of
59、the hard work involved in experimentation.64. According to the author, what differs innovators from noninnovators?A. The way they present their findings.B. The way they deal with problems.C. The intelligence they possess.D. The variety of ideas they have.65. The phrase march to a different drummer (
60、the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are .A. unwilling to follow common ways of doing thingsB. diligent in pursuing their goalsC. concerned about the advance of societyD. devoted to the progress of science66. The most suitable title for this passage might be .A. Th
61、e Relation Between Creation and DiligenceB. To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human CreativityC. What Are So Special about Creative IndividualsD. Discoveries and InnovationSection CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence
62、 can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. In this way, companies will have more productive employees.B. In todays economy, job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable.C. In return, this dedication to the betterment of employee
63、s will create greater loyalty.D. This is indeed a very limiting policy.E. Even if employees do leave, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program. F. Open positions can be assigned to people who already know the company well.Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement(偿付)
64、 , most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their positions. 67 A company that reimburses employees for all college credit courses whether job related or not offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unc
65、onditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the companys dedication to its employees and it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is to make investments in them. 68 A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employe
66、es will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer. It will reduce employ turnover, because even employees who dont take advantage of tuition reimbursement programs will be more devoted to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to pay for their education
67、.Although companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees, who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. 69 Thus, throughout those years. the employer will have a more sophisticated, more
68、 intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesnt have to full a highlevel vacancy from the outside. 70 Tho
69、ugh unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment on the employers part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.IV. Reading and WritingDirections: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no mor
70、e than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Write your answer on the answer sheet.Are your children getting on your last nerve? Did a coworkers comment rub you the wrong way? Theres no need to plug the steam coming out of your ears. In fact, science now gives you full permission to relea
71、se those emotions; you might actually be happier for it. If that seems counterintuitive(违反直觉的), hear us out. A new study suggests that people tend to be happier if they can feel and express emotions as they want. That goes for unpleasant emotions like anger and hatred, too.An international team of r
72、esearchers recruited 2,300 university students from the United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Ghana, Israel, Poland, and Singapore. They then asked the participants to tell them which emotions they desired and which ones they actually felt, and then compared those responses to how the participants
73、rated their overall happiness or life satisfaction.The results showed an interesting trend. While participants wanted to experience more pleasant emotions, they reported higher life satisfaction if the emotions they experienced matched those they desired. More surprising still, 11 percent of people
74、wanted to feel less of positive emotions, such as love and empathy, and 10 percent of people wanted to feel more negative emotions, such as hatred and anger.At first glance, these result might seem confusing. But theres a simple explanation, according to the studys authors. Happiness is more than si
75、mply feeling pleasure and avoiding pain, they write. It is also learning to release negative emotions when you feel them, instead of ignoring them or bottling them up.If you feel emotions you want to feel, even if theyre unpleasant, then youre better off, lead researcher Dr Maya Tamir from The Hebre
76、w University of Jerusalem told the BBC News website. 71 V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.我们有必要确认小区每个来访者的身份.(necessary)73.这位刚毕业的年轻老师，特别热爱这份工作,不断地追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望.(pursue)74.该车成功地将艺术与技术融为一体,自投放市场以来，需求量一直很大.(Having .)75.获
77、得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千,回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难,他不禁失声痛哭.(cant help)VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假如你是明启中学高三学生李华,你校门口一家老字号面馆(timehonored noodle restaurant)因上涨的租金和周边快餐店的竞争，面临关门的窘境,该面馆登报求助请给该面馆写读者回信,信中必须包括:1.阐述保护中华老字号(timehonored Chinese brands)的意义;2.向该面馆提出改进的建议.语法填空选词填空3135CFDKA3640IJGBE完形填空4145CBADA4650 BCDAC 5155 CDDBB阅读部分5659 CADC6062BCB6366DBAC6770DCEF