1、话题十八灾害防范(A).阅读理解A2020贵阳市高三摸底考试 Many of us think, wrongly, that the moon doesnt change. For example, the Tang dynasty poet Zhang Ruoxu once wrote that “Generations have come and passed away; From year to year the moons look alike, old and new.”However, a new study published in the journal Nature Geos
2、cience shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time. For the study, a group of US scientists examined and analyzed thousands of photographs taken by the NASAs Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (月球勘测轨道飞行器照相机). They found that there were lots of faults(断层) on the surface of the moon. Th
3、ese faults were formed by recent movement on the moon.According to NASA, the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core. The moon continued to expand as it was born. But in this process, it released energy and cooled down. Then it began to shrink, in a way comparable to the shrinking of a gr
4、ape into a raisin. Over the past several hundred million years, it has become 46 meters “skinnier”. But due to its hard and rocky layer, the moons surface continues to push up. “Some of these quakes can be fairly strong, around five on the Richter scale (里氏震级)，” said Thomas Watters, a senior scienti
5、st at the Smithsonians National Air and Space Museum in the US.But does that mean the moon is a dangerous place that human shouldnt try to explore and live on in the future? Maybe not, reported The Telegraph. “This isnt anything to worry about. The moon may be shrinking, but not by much. Its not goi
6、ng anywhere，” Watters comforted us.The new discovery proves that the idea that the moon is a dead, boring place is wrong. “We have been to the moon and weve done some great science, but there is still a lot we dont know. The moon is shrinkingwe didnt really realize that until recently. Its a much mo
7、re active and interesting place than we thought and we should explore that，” NASA scientist Nathan Williams said.1Which point of view about the moon may the writer agree to?AIt stays the same as before.BIt is becoming slightly smaller.CIt is getting older and older.DIt has passed away.2What can we l
8、earn about the moon from the third paragraph?AIt has become 46 meters fatter due to expanding.BIt has changed from a grape into a raisin in recent years.CIt quakes even at seven on the Richter scale.DIt has a hot core and releases energy during expanding.3Who thinks that we neednt worry about the mo
9、on?AZhang Ruoxu. BThomas Watters. CNathan Williams. DThe journalist.4What does Nathan Williams think of the moon?AIt is a dead and boring place.BIt has lots of faults on the surface.CIt is valuable to do more science.DIt isnt a place where we can live.B2019昆明市高考模拟考试 Finding fish is going to get hard
10、er as climate change continues to heat the worlds oceans. A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish. A sustainable catch refers to the amount that can be harvested without doing longterm damage to the health of
11、populations of some species.Overfishing has made that decline worse, researchers say. Overfishing refers to catching so many fish that the size of the papulation falls. In some parts of the world, such as the heavily fished Sea of Japan, the decrease is as high as 35 percent. Thats a loss of more th
12、an one in every three fish. Researchers examined changes in 235 populations of fish and shellfish between 1930 and 2010. Those fish populations spread far apart across 38 ocean regions. Temperature changes vary from one ocean site to another. But on average over that time, Earths seasurface temperat
13、ures have risen by about half a degree Celsius. On average, that warming has caused the sustainable catch to drop by 4.1 percent, the study found. About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming. However, about 4 percent of some popu
14、lations increased. Thats because certain species have thrived in warmer waters. One example is a kind of black sea fish. It lives along the northeastern US. coast. As warming continues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit.About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood a
15、s a source of food. That means its urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea.5What does the new study discover?AOverfishing is to blame for fish health.BWarming seas cause fewer fish and shellfish.CSeafo
16、od matters to peoples health worldwide.DThe living regions of fish and shellfish are different.6What does the underlined word “thrived” in paragraph 4 probably mean?ASurvived narrowly. BDisappeared soon.CDecreased sharply. DDeveloped quickly.7What do we know about species of fish and shellfish?AAbou
17、t 8 percent of them suffered from a great loss.BAbout 35 percent of them survived in the Sea of Japan.CAbout 3.2 billion species have been saved up to now.DAbout 80 species have died out because of warming seas.8From which is the text probably taken?AA cooking guide. BA science magazine.CA news revi
18、ew. DA health brochure.完形填空Heroes come in different shapes and sizes. Some are born to give others a _1_. Then there are the people who just happen to be in the right place at the right time. That was the _2_ for John Underwood.On a cold evening, a storm _3_ near his home. Underwood was heading over
19、 to help his sister when the roads were _4_. He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help.Underwood wasnt out of his _5_ long before he heard a cry. Moments later, a 12yearold boy ran up to Underwood, saying his parents were _6_ and asked for help.The Hammonds went to get
20、things from the basement when the walls _7_ to bear the weight of rain and fell down, and they couldnt _8_. Worse still, the water was rising fast. _9_ was of extreme significance, so Underwood took action at once. Any inappropriate action could add more dangers. Luckily, Underwood had _10_ as a con
21、tractor (承包商). “Digging a hole in the living room floor, I knew its a _11_ way，” he said.With physical strength, patience, and a lot of _12_， Underwood saved their lives. He said he did what anyone would do, but thats not necessarily true. Its _13_ to put yourself in a dangerous way to rescue anothe
22、r. Thats why the American Red Cross _14_ him. Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards, said the Awards should _15_ heroes like Underwood.1A.lesson BdirectionChope Dhand2A.role BconcernCcase Dbehavior3A.broke BdisappearedCreturned Dchanged4A.cleared Bcompleted Crepaired
23、Dflooded5A.power Bsense Chouse Dvehicle6A.ignored BtrappedCinjured Dmissed7A.managed Bfailed Ctried Dstruggled8A.speak BreuniteCescape Dsurvive9A.Time BRelief CSuccess DAction10A.attitude BpotentialCconfidence Dexperience11A.difficult Bsafe Ccreative Dquick12A.bravery BencouragementCanxiety Drespons
24、ibility13A.impossible Breasonable Chard Dspecial14A.invited BhonoredCinterviewed Dhelped15A.go to Bcome to Cturn to Dpass to话题十八灾害防范(A).阅读理解A体裁：说明文主题语境：人与自然科学研究月球正在缓慢收缩 【文章大意】月球并非如唐代诗人张若虚在诗中描绘的那样是亘古不变的。一项最新的科学研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小。此外，这项研究还表明月球还有许多我们不了解的东西，它是一个比我们认为的更活跃、更有意思的地方，我们应该探索它。1答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据
25、第二段第一句“However，a new study. shows that the moon is in fact slowly shrinking over time”可知，一项新的发表在自然地球科学上的研究表明，月球正在随着时间慢慢地缩小，据此可知B项正确。2答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第三段前三句中的“the moon is made up of pieces of rocks with a hot core”“The moon continued to expand as it was born”“But in this process, it released energy”可
26、知，月球由带有一个热核的岩石块组成，当它形成时月球在持续膨胀，在这个过程中它会释放能量，故D项正确。3答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第四段中Thomas Watters说的话“This isnt anything to worry about.Its not going anywhere”可知，Thomas Watters认为我们不必担心月球，尽管月球在缩小，但它并没有缩小很多，故B项正确。4答案与解析：C考查推理判断。根据尾段中Nathan Williams说的话“We have been to the moon and weve done some great science. we s
27、hould explore that”可知，Nathan Williams认为月球有许多我们不了解的东西，值得我们去探索，据此可推知，他认为研究月球是有价值的，故C项正确。B体裁：说明文题材：自然生态主题：气候变暖导致鱼类和水生有壳动物减少【文章大意】研究发现，随着气候变化继续让海洋升温，世界上可持续捕获的鱼类和水生有壳动物在不断减少，这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量。【难句分析】That means its urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affectin
28、g the health of all of those fish in the sea.(Para.5) 分析：句中“its urgent for commercial fishing fleets and regulators to consider how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in the sea”为省略了that的宾语从句，作动词means的宾语；其中“how climate change is affecting the health of all of those fish in t
29、he sea”为how引导的宾语从句，作consider的宾语。译文：这意味着，商业捕鱼船队和监管机构迫切需要考虑气候变化如何影响海洋中所有鱼类的健康。5答案与解析：B考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“A new study finds that warming seas over the past 80 years have reduced the sustainable catch of 124 species of fish and shellfish”可知，新的研究发现，海水升温导致鱼类和水生有壳动物减少。故选B。6答案与解析：D考查词义猜测。根据画线词下文“One example. A
30、s warming continues, these fish will reproduce faster until they reach their limit”可知，随着升温继续，这些鱼将快速繁殖直到它们的极限，据此可推知，画线词的含义与“reproduce faster”相近，故选D。7答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第四段第二句“About 8 percent of the fish and shellfish populations the team studied saw losses as a result of the ocean warming”可知，大约8%的鱼类和水生有
31、壳动物数量上遭受了重大损失。故选A。【干扰项分析】根据第二段第三句“In some parts.the decrease is as high as 35 percent”可知，B项表述错误；根据第五段第一句“About 3.2 billion people worldwide rely on seafood as a source of food”可知，C项表述错误；文章没有提到D项所表述的内容。8答案与解析：B考查文章出处。通读全文可知，一项最新研究显示，随着海洋变暖，鱼类和水生有壳动物的数量正在减少。这在一定程度上影响了渔业的产量和这些生物的健康。由此可推知，本文属于科学类文章。故选B。
32、.完形填空体裁：记叙文题材：灾难主题：暴风雨中救人【文章大意】文中讲述了暴风雨降临时约翰安德伍德营救遭遇险境的Hammonds夫妇的故事。【核心词汇】1.trap v困住，使陷于危险中；使陷入圈套 n陷阱；诡计；困境We became trapped by the rising floodwater.我们被上涨的洪水困住了。He felt he had been trapped into accepting the terms of the contract.他觉得自己是中了圈套才接受这合同条款的。A trap was laid，with fresh bait.陷阱设置好，还投放了新诱饵。2h
33、onor v给荣誉，表彰，表扬；尊敬We all honor heroes for different reasons.因为不同的原因，我们都敬仰英雄。I felt very honored to be included in the team.能加入这支球队，我深感荣幸。He was honored with an award for excellence in teaching.他因教学出色而获表彰。3go to.归于，被给予；面临，开始做某事；进入某种状态I lay down and went to sleep.我躺下来睡觉了。Britain and Cermany went to wa
34、r in 1939. 1939年，英国和德国开战。All the money raised will go to local charities.募集的所有钱款都将捐给当地慈善机构。1答案与解析：D根据下文中多次出现的help及文章第一句可知，作者认为有人天生乐于助人，所以用hand。give sb. a hand“帮助某人”为固定搭配。2答案与解析：C结合下文安德伍德帮助被困夫妇的事件可知，此处意为约翰安德伍德就是这样的例子。case“事例，实例”。3答案与解析：A结合上文内容可知，此处指暴风雨在他家附近降临(broke)了。4答案与解析：D安德伍德正在去帮助他的妹妹的路上，这时道路被洪水淹
35、没了。下文中的“the water was rising fast”是提示。clear“清除，疏通”；complete“完成，结束”；repair“修理，修补”；flood“为水所淹，被淹没”。5答案与解析：D根据上文中的“He saw some other drivers get stuck, so he got out of his truck to help”可知，此处vehicle符合语境。6答案与解析：B根据下文的“when the walls. fell down”可知，一个12岁的男孩跑向安德伍德，说他的父母被困住了。trap“困住，使陷于危险中”。7答案与解析：BHammond
36、s夫妇去地下室拿东西，墙壁不能够承受雨水的重量，倒塌了，两人无法脱身。fail“未能(做到)”。8答案与解析：C参见上题解析。reunite“重逢，再次相聚”；escape“逃脱，摆脱”；survive“生存，存活”。9答案与解析：A根据上文中的“the water was rising fast”和下文中的“so Underwood took action at once”可知，时间(Time)至关重要，于是他立即行动起来。10答案与解析：D在这种情况下，任何不当的操作都会增加危险。幸运的是，安德伍德有承包商经验(experience)。11答案与解析：B安德伍德认为在客厅地板上挖一个洞是一
37、个安全的(safe)方法。此处safe与前面的dangers形成对比。12答案与解析：A根据下文中的“Underwood saved their lives”和“Ann Otto, who was in charge of the 23rd Annual Acts of Courage Awards. Underwood”可知，安德伍德因勇敢的行为获奖。他凭借体力，耐心和勇气救了Hammonds夫妇。bravery“勇敢，勇气”；encouragement“鼓舞，鼓励”；anxiety“焦虑，忧虑”；responsibility“责任，负责”。13答案与解析：C根据空前的“He said he did what anyone would do, but thats not necessarily true”可知，要把自己置于危险的境地去救别人是很难做到的(hard)。14答案与解析：B这是美国红十字会把奖项授予他的原因。honor“给荣誉，表彰”符合语境。15答案与解析：A这个奖应该颁给像安德伍德那样的英雄。go to“归于，被给予”；come to“突然被某人意识到”；turn to“向求助(或寻求指教等)”；pass to“转移给，遗留给(继承人等)”。
