1、北京市2015届高考一轮专题训练应用文阅读【2014北京】ASea Life Melbourne Aquarium (水族馆) The all-new Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, situated in the heart of Melbournes CBD, is one of Victorias leading visitor attractions and an unforgettable outing for the whole family. Having 12 amazing zones of discovery, Sea Life Melbourne
2、 Aquarium is the very place that you cannot miss when you visit the city.* Opening Times Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is open from 9:30 am until 6:00 pm every day of the year, including public holidays. Last admission is at 5:00 pm, one hour before closing.* Location ( 位置) Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium
3、 is located on the corner of Flinders Street and King Street, Melbourne. It is siyuated on the Yarra River, opposite Crown Entertainment Complex.* Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium Train The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium train stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route (公交线路) and also rou
4、tes 70 and 75. City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions. Shuttle Bus The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium is a free bus service, stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City. Running daily, every 15 minutes from 10:00 am to 4:00 pm. Car Parking While there is no public car
5、parking at Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, there are several public car parking lots available only a short walk away.* Wheelchair Access Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium provides people in wheelchairs with full access to all 12 zones. Each floor also has wheelchair accessible toilets.* Terms Tickets will b
6、e emailed to you immediately after purchase or you can download and print your ticket once payment has been accepted. Please print out all tickets purchased and present at the front entrance of Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium. No ticket, no entry!56. Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium _ .A. is located at the c
7、enter of the CBD in the cityB. has 12 most attractive places in MelbourneC. admits visitors from 9:30 am untill 6:00 pmD. is beside Crown Entertainment Complex57. Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium, visitors can take _.A. trains from southern Cross train stationB. shuttle buses around the train
8、stationC. boats across the yarra RiverD. either tram route 70 or 7558. Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium offers visitors _.A. free car parkingB. wheelchair accessC. Internet connectionD. transportation service59. Tickets to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium _ .A. are free to all visitorsB. can be pursed by emai
9、lC. rare checked at the entranceD.can be printed at the ticket office【答案】56-59： ADBC【2012北京】AThe Basics of MathMade ClearBasic Math introduces students to the basic concepts of mathematics, as well as the fundamentals of more tricky areas. These 30 fantastic lectures are designed to provide students
10、 with an understanding of arithmetic and to prepare them for Algebra(代数) and beyond.The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic. They also look into exponents(指数), the order of operations, and square roots. In addition to learning how to perform various mathematical operations,
11、students discover why these operations work, how a particular mathematical topic relates to other branches of mathematics, and how these operations can be used practically.Basic Math starts from the relatively easier concepts and gradually moves on to the more troublesome ones, so as to allow for st
12、eady and sure understanding of the material by students. The lectures offer students the chance to “make sense” of mathematical knowledge that may have seemed so frightening. They also help students prepare for college mathematics and overcome their anxiety about this amazingand completely understan
13、dablefield of study.By the conclusion of the course, students will have improved their understanding of basic math. They will be able to clear away the mystery(神秘性) of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined. In addition, they will strengthen their ability to
14、accept new and exciting mathematical challenges.Professor H. Siegel, honored by Kentucky Educational Television as “the best math teacher in America,” is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in ways that make them seem clear and obvious. From the basic concrete ideas
15、 to the more abstract problems, he is master in making math lectures learner-friendlier and less scary.With a PhD in Mathematics Education from Georgia State University, Dr. Siegel teaches mathematics at Central Arizona College. His courses include various make-up classes and a number of lectures fo
16、r future primary school teachers.If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.56. What does the course Basic Math mainly cover? A. Algebra. B. College Mathematics. C. Arithmetic. D. Mathemat
17、ics Education.57. What benefits can students expect from Basic Math? A. Stronger imaginative ability. B. Additional presentation skills. C. More mathematical confidence. D. Greater chances of becoming teachers.58. What can we learn about Professor H. Siegel? A. He is a guest lecturer at Kentucky Edu
18、cational Television. B. He is to deliver 30 lectures in Basic Math. C. He works in Georgia State University. D. He specializes in training teachers.59. Where is the passage most likely to have been taken from? A. A news report. B. A book review C. A lesson plan. D. An advertisement56.C Basic Math包括哪
19、些方面，第二段中The lessons in Basic Math cover every basic aspect of arithmetic.57.C. 第4段中，They will be able to clear away the mystery of mathematics and face their studies with more confidence than they ever imagined.58.B 第五段中，he is a devoted teacher and has a gift for explaining mathematical concepts in
20、ways that make them seem clear and obvious.59.D 最后一段中，If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you, you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer. Or you can get your money back.【2010北京】B 21世纪教育Open Letter to an Editor I had an interesting conversation with a reporter
21、recently-one who works for you. In fact, hes one of your best reporters. He wants to leave. Your reporter gave me a copy of his resume (简历) and photocopies of six stories that he wrote for you. The headlines showed you played them proudly. With great enthusiasm, he talked about how he finds issues (
22、问题), approaches them, and writes about them, which tells me he is one of your best. Im sure you would hate to lose him. Surprisingly, your reporter is not unhappy. In fact, he told me he really likes his job. He has a great assignment (分工), and said you run a great paper. It would be easy for you to
23、 keep him, he said. He knows that the paper values him. He appreciates the responsibility youve given him, takes ownership of his profession, and enjoys his freedom. So why is he looking for a way out? 21世纪教育 He talked to me because he wants his editors to demand so much more of him. He wants to be
24、pushed, challenged, coached to new heights. The reporter believes that good stories spring from good questions, but his editors usually ask how long the story will be, when it will be in, where it can play, and what the budget is. He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his
25、good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what hes doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out, exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. Thats what you want for him, too, isnt it? 21世纪教育网 So your reporter has
26、set me thinking. Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists-everyone-is to work harder to make sure they get the help they are demanding to reach their potential. If we cant do it, theyll find someone who can.60. What does the writer think of the reporter? 21世纪
27、教育网/ A. Optimistic. B. Imaginative. C. Ambitious. D. Proud.61. What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks? A. Finding the news value of his stories. B. Giving him financial support. C. Helping him to find issues. D. Improving his good ideas.62. Who probably wrote the letter? A.
28、 An editor. B. An artist. C. A reporter. D. A reader.63. The letter aims to remind editors that they should _ 21世纪教育网/ A. keep their best reporters at all costsB. give more freedom to their reporters 21世纪教育网/C. be aware of their reporters professional development D. appreciate their reporters workin
29、g styles and attitudesB篇阅读技巧：第一段出现重要信息：特殊标点破折号和隐性转折词in fact，因此后面信息极其重要：写信给一个编辑说他的reporter很棒，但是要离开了；第二段要把握两个中文注释，此reporter给作者简历并充满热情地向其描述了自身特质;第三段平淡无奇，机械寻找重要信息出处in fact，故得知该reporter干一行爱一行，精神可嘉;接着第四段一个问句，基本预示情节的转折，一眼即得知下面要详细阐述该reporter要离开的原因;继续往下，重要信息处稍微留意，即转折词but，因果词so,最后段的最高级best句，以及有特殊标点出现的最后一句。通过这
30、几处内容的梳理，文意会变得清晰很多-年轻记者需要主编充分发挥他们的潜能，在竞争与挑战中寻求职业发展。答题技巧：此篇的4个题目包括3个推断题，其中包括对人物态度、作者身份、写作目的的推断。人物态度要求学生具备将具体描述wants to be coached to new heights等转换成形容词表述的能力；作者身份推断题要求学生学会通过人称代词our判断；写作目的要求学生对全文的把握能力。60.C判断推理题，难题。原文He wants to be pushed, challenged, coached to new heights.要通过划线处的具体描述总结出ambitious这个词：有抱负
31、的。61.D细节题，较难题。困难之处在于不好定位原文，故用排除法。从选项中找关键词，逐个排查，得出正确选项D.62.A推断作者身份，较难题。此类型题目把握方法很简单：文章对象（主编）+人称(our)，不难得出正确答案作者也是主编。63.C考查文章写作目的，较难题。抓住文章结尾是王道：Our best hope Our best hope in keeping our best reporters, copy editors, photographers, artists-everyone-is to work harder to make sure they get the help they
32、 are demanding to reach their potential再结合前面60题的答案，不难选出正确答案。北京市2015届高考一轮专题训练议论文阅读【2012北京】CDecision-making under StressA new review based on a research shows that acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure and ignore the possible
33、 negative (负面的) consequences of a decision.The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.“Stress affects how people learn,” says Professor Mara Mather. “People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”For example, two recent stud
34、ies looked at how people learned to connect images(影像) with either rewards or punishments. In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands
35、 in ice water. In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadnt gone through the stress.This phenomenon is likely not surprising to anyone who has tried to resist eating cookies or smoking a cigar
36、ette while under stress at those moments, only the pleasure associated with such activities comes to mind. But the findings further suggest that stress may bring about a double effect. Not only are rewarding experiences remembered better, but negative consequences are also easily recalled.The resear
37、ch also found that stress appears to affect decision-making differently in men and women. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different.Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more ris
38、ks in the experiment while women responded in the opposite way. In stressful situations in which risk-taking can pay off big, men may tend to do better, when caution weighs more, however, women will win.This tendency to slow down and become more cautious when decisions are risky might also help expl
39、ain why women are less likely to become addicted than men: they may more often avoid making the risky choices that eventually harden into addiction.64. We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to _.A. keep rewards better in their memoryB. recall consequences more effortlesslyC.
40、make risky decisions more frequentlyD. learn a subject more effectively65. According to the research, stress affects people most probably in their _.A. ways of making choicesB. preference for pleasureC. tolerance of punishmentsD. responses to suggestions66.The research has proved that in a stressful
41、 situation, _.A. women find it easier to fall into certain habitsB. men have a greater tendency to slow downC. women focus more on outcomesD. men are more likely to take risks64.A 第一段中，acute stress affects the way the brain considers the advantages and disadvantages, causing it to focus on pleasure
42、and ignore the possible negative consequences of a decision,可知压力下的人们经常会keep rewards better in their memory.65.A 第二段中，The research suggests that stress may change the way people make choices in predictable ways.66.D 第七段中，Men who had been stressed by the cold-water task tended to take more risks in th
43、e experiment while women responded in the opposite way.可以看出是男性在压力下更容易冒险。【2011北京】CStudents and Technology in the ClassroomI love my blackberryits my little connection to the larger world that can go anywhere with me . I also love my laptop computer ，as it holds all of my writing and thoughts .Despite
44、 this love of technology ,I know that there are times when I need to move away from these devices（设备） and truly communicat with others.On occasion, I teach a course called History Matters for a group of higher education managers. My goals for the class include a full discussion of historical themes
45、and ideas .Because I want students to thoroughly study the material and exchange their ideas with each other in the classroom ,I have a rule no laptop ,iPads ,phones ,etc .When students were told my rule in advance of the class, some of them were not happy .Most students assume that my reasons for t
46、his rule include unpleasant experiences in the past with students misusing technology . Theres a bit of truth to that. Some students assume that I am anti-technology . Theres no truth in that at all . I love technology and try to keep up with it so I can relate to my students.The real reason why I a
47、sk students to leave technology at the door is that I think there are very few places in which we can have deep conversions and truly engage complex ideas. Interruptions by technology often break concentration and allow for too much dependence on outside information for ideas . I want students to di
48、g deep within themselves for inspiration and ideas. I want them to push each other to think differently and make connections between the course the material and the class discussion .Ive been teaching my history class in this way for many years and the evaluations reflect student satisfaction with t
49、he environment that I create .Students realize that with deep conversation and challenge , they learn at a level that helps them keep the course material beyond the classroom .Im not saying that I wont ever change my mind about technology use in my history class, but until I hear a really good reaso
50、n for the change ,Im sticking to my plan. A few hours of technology-free dialogue is just too sweet to give up.63.Some of the students in the history class were unhappy with_A. the course material B. others misuse of technology C. discussion topics D. the authors class regulations 64.The underlined
51、word “engage ”in para.4 probably means _A. explore B. accept C. change D. reject 65.According to the author ,the use of technology in the classroom may _A. keep students from doing independent thinking B. encourage students to have in-depth conversationsC. help students to better understand complex
52、themes D. affect students concentration on course evaluation66.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the author _A. is quite stubborn B. will give up teaching history C. will change his teaching plan soon D. values technology-free dialogues in his class 63-66DAAD【2010北京】DThe Cost of Higher
53、 Education Individuals (个人) should pay for their higher education. A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduates earn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individua
54、l, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of the government. Using taxpayers money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. 21世纪教育网/ Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith
55、 worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were laz
56、y and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. 21世纪教育网 If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And their teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own re
57、search interests, that is surely something to celebrate. Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the g
58、overnment should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest. Therefore, it is the individual, not
59、 the government, who should pay for their university education.68. The underlined word them in Paragraph 2 refers to A. taxpayers B. pressing calls 21世纪教育网 C. college graduates D. government resources 69. The author thinks that with full government funding A. teachers are less satisfied B. students
60、are more demanding C. students will become more competent D. teachers will spend less time on teaching 70. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to A. argue against free university education B. call on them to finance students studiesC. encourage graduates to go into business 21世纪教育
61、网/D. show their contribution to higher educationD篇阅读技巧：此篇议论文难度较低。把握议论文的阅读两步：1.作者想说服你什么？2.分了几个并列的点来说服你？答题技巧：此篇包括2个推断题和1个细节题。其中68题要求学生找出them的所指，对学生分析代词的所指提出了更高的要求，此项技能在完型和阅读中都有体现；70题属于基于议论文结构的设问，问最后一段的例子在文章中的作用，对议论文的结构和写作模式有了解的同学都可以轻松应答。68.B推断代词所指，较难题。There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of
62、the government. Using taxpayers money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them. ww往前看，发现前句就一个复数名词，就它了。69.D细节题，简单题。根据题干关键词full government funding定位原文，根据文题顺序一致原则从上一题them后面去找，会找到Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities.and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy. lazy转换成spendless time不难得出正确选项。70.A结构推断题，简单题。题目问提到business有什么目的，就等于问议论文中的论据有什么用，地球人都知道：支持论点。马上从本段段首找论点：Many people believe that higher education should be free从全文的哪都可以看出作者就是要反对free higher education.